初中英语语法-非谓语动词

1、非 谓 语 动 词非谓语动词动词不定式基本形式及特点用法注意事项动词不定式（1）基本形式： to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to）（2）特点 ： A .没有人称和数的变化C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词）B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语 (3) 用法 ：A、作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language. 注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用IT作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外， 动词take,cost也常用于上

2、述结构。B、作表语 The important thing is to finish the work on time . 动词不定式作宾语C动词 + to do动词+疑问词 + to do 动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to do常见动词有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等I dont know what to do .I find it important to learn English.动词不定式D作宾补动词 + 宾语 +to do 动词 + 宾语 + do Li Mei asked me to show her the

3、new dictionary .注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。(不带 to 的不定式) 注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make,let.动词不定式E、作状语可以表目的、表结果、表原因F、作定语（必须后置）动词不定式注意：在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式要省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上toI always saw

4、her play violin .He was made to work 12hours a day.2、动词不定式的否定形式为： not + to doMr.Smith asked the boy _(not play) this kind of game. not to playPlease have him _(not do) so much housework. not do动 名 词基本形式及特征用法注意动名词基本形式特点动词原形 + ing 1、具有名词、动词的一些特征。2、有时态和语态的变化返回主页动名词用法1、作主语Picking apples is much better t

5、han having classes.2、作宾语（1）只能接动名词做宾语的动词有miss, finish, mind, keep, practice, enjoy, 等。动名词（2）既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有两类：意义区分不大：begin , start, like, love, hate, prefer 等。a.意义不同：remember, forget, stop, go on , try 等b.动名词3、作表语His favorite sport is playing basketball . 4、作定语 shopping basketball finishing lin

6、e注意两点1、动名词的 复合结构为：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+ 动名词Do you mind _the window?me to open b. I openc.my opening d. me openingc返回主页2、动名词的习惯用语：a. Its no use doing sth. b. cant help doing sth.c. feel like doing sth.d. be busy doing sth.e. No doing分词现在分词过去分词现在分词基本形式：动词原形+ ing过去分词基本形式： 规则动词加ed 或不规则动词的过去分词developing country

7、developed countryAre you ready ? OK ! Now ,have a test!HAVE A TEST1.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects2.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat 3.The

8、speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_ . A.hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard 4.-I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try goingHAVE A TEST 7. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.

9、 A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 6. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 8.He gave us some advi

10、ce on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn返回主页12. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned11.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest9.Is_necess

11、ary to change trains at Beijing? A. thisB. thatC. itD. he10.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seenHAVE A TESTHAVE A TEST15.Tom is the first _ to school. A. get B. to get C.getting D. got14.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childh

12、ood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13.Im thirsty. Would you please give me something_. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinkingHAVE A TEST16.Would you mind _ your radio a little?A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down17.Dont you remember _?A.seeing the man beforeB.saw th

13、e man beforeC.to see the man beforeD.to have seen the man before18.People couldnt help _ the foolish emperor in the procession.A.laugh at B.to laugh at C.laughing at D.laughing on19.Do you remember _ me at a party last year?A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met20.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doingHAVE A TEST. I didnt spend al the money _(buy) the books.2. Do you have anything _(say) at the meeting?3. Yesterday I saw a wallet _(lie) on the ground .4.The man ran out _(see) wha