Book3Unit4Astronomy导学案

1、Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 导学案班级_ 姓名_小组_第一课时 warming up & reading：1. 语言目标 Language aims: useful words and expressions in this part 2. 能力目标 Ability aims:1) 进一步熟悉掌握一些阅读技巧，快速寻找文章细节信息(scanning)、归纳和总结2) 让学生学会表达自己的思想。3情感目标 Emotional aims: 让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。在探讨生命的起源的科学道理之前，交流一下有关宇宙的

2、起源的种种传说,调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。Step I some questions in warming up 1. Do you know about the eight planets ? What are they?_2. Who is the first man landing on the moon?_Step II pre-reading Task one: Fill in the blanks after fast reading1) According to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “_

3、” that threw matter in all directions.2) It was not immediately obvious that _ was to be fundamental to the development of _.3) They are putting too much CO2 into the atmosphere, which prevent _ from escaping from the earth.Task two: careful reading and write down the main idea. paragraph 1: _.parag

4、raph 2: The formation of _.paragraph 3: The importance of _.paragraph 4: _of plants and animals on the earth. paragraph 5: _ of humans and their impact on the earth.Task three : Put the order of development of life into a timeline.1 Insects and amphibians appeared 2 Dinosaurs appeared 3 The earth be

5、came a solid ball 4 Small plants greaw on the water 5 Reptiles appeared 6 Plants began to grow on dry land. 7 The earth was a cloud of dust. 8 Water appeared on the earth 9 Shellfish and other fish appeared. 10 The universe began with a “Big Bang”11 Clever animals with hands and feet appeared. 12 Ma

6、mmals appeared.Answers: _Task Four: summaryAfter the “Big Bang”, the earth was just a cloud of dust. It _ loudly with fire and rock, which were _ _to produce the water vapour, _ and other gases. Then small plants grew . They _and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. Many millions of years later t

7、he first green plants began to _on land. When the plants grew into forests,_ appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by _eggs. When dinosaurs disappeared, _ became more important. Now small clever animals with _appeared and _all over the world. As time _ they covered the earth and

8、 they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the _, which _heat _ _ from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on earth for millions of years to come will _whether this problem can be solved.Language points :1. However , according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “

9、 Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方He walked _ the village. 他向村庄方向走去。2After that,atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies 然后，原子开始形成并结合成行星、恒星和其它固体的天体。 combine 1）V(使)结合；(使)合并 We consider it necessary to combine theory with

10、 practice 我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。 2) V联合；混合(unite；mix) The two small shops combined to make a large one 这两个小店合并成为一个大商店。 相关链接 combine 与 join 的区别 combine指抽象意义的结合，并成为不可分割的一个整体。 join指具体的把两者或两者以上的东西结合在一起或者使某人成为某团体的一员。Youd better combine theory with practice 你最好将实践与理论结合起来。The new highway has joined our village to

11、 the new city. 新的高速路把我们村子与现代化大城市连接起来。 巩固提高 1) The two countries_ against their common enemy.A connected B. united Ccombined Dwere combined 2)If your knowledge can be in some way _ with my experiences , we are sure to succeed.A joined B united C connected D combined 巩固练习一 单词拼写 1. With the _ （发展）of ec

12、onomy, peoples living standards are higher now.2. No one knows_ ( 确切的) how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.3.After school, the students run in every _ ( 方向)4. We should _ (把.与结合) work with pleasure.5. In our solar _（系）eight plants circle around the sun.6. Each _(宗教)and culture has its ow

13、n ideas about how life began on earth.7. _（根据）to the report, the young should care more about the old.二. 翻译下面短语 1 太阳系 2及时，总有一天 3 四面八方 4 一团尘埃 5 根据 6 生命的起源班级_ 姓名_小组_第二课时 reading ( language points)要点探究What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38亿至45亿

14、年前， “be to+动词原形”的用法归纳： (1)表示按_要做的事。 When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家? (2)表示_的事 He was to become a pianist after so many years of hard work这么多年的训练之后他注定会成为一个钢琴家。(3)表示“_”，相当于should/ought to. You are to report to the police你应该报警。 (4)表示“_”，相当于must，have to. You are to do your homework before you wa

15、tch TV 看电视之前你得先做完作业。 跟踪演练：In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D.is being he 2The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not 地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。 1) v

16、iolent adj猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 The boat sank in a _ storm at sea 船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。Not a few _ scenes were cut from the film before it came to show这部影片在放映前剪去了不少暴力镜头。相关链接 n. violence adv. violently do violence to对行凶；伤害 take by violence 强夺巩固提高 1) The villagers were often in _ dashes with each other in those years b

17、efore the agreement was reached2）The _ of the snowstorm caused much damage.3) Your words did violence to the truth.（翻译）_2) whether在本句中引导主语从句，该句还可变为：Whether the shape would last or not was not clear.此结构还可用于其他的名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）或状语从句中。Tell me whether or not you are interested. = Tell me whether yo

18、u are interested or not. 告诉我你有没有兴趣。Whether or not it rains(=_), were playing football on Saturday. 无论下不下雨，我们星期六一定踢足球。跟踪演练All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A even if B whether C no matter D however 3It exploded lou

19、dly with fire and rockThey were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth atmosphere从而形成了地球的大气层。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸汽和其它多种气体, 1) explode v爆炸，炸开；(感情)迸发；(人口)突然或迅速增加，名词为explosion At last his anger exploded 他终于大发雷霆了。 There will be no standing

20、 room on the earth because of the exploding world population 由于激增的世界人口，地球上将无立足之地。巩固提高 (1)The volcano(火山)_suddenly.A exploded Bburst C erupted Dexploding (2)Hearing his son hurt badly by a stranger，the man _ with anger Aexplored Bexposed Cexploded Dexplained (3)With the_of population，more schools wil

21、l be set up in our cityAexplosion B. expression Cexplanation Dexploration2) in time迟早，最后；及时 1)You11 learn how to do it in time你早晚能学会做这件事的。 2)Will I be in time for the train? 我赶得上那趟火车吗?相关短语 in no time立刻 马上 on time按时；准时 at times有时 at one time一度；从前 for the time being暂时 once upon a time从前 from time to t

22、ime不时地巩固提高 Youll succeed _ because you are always working hard I hope you can arrive here _ to see Mr Green before he leaves this afternoon. 3) atmosphere n. 大气；空气;气氛；环境 We live in an atmosphere of freedom. 我们生活在自由的环境中。 He is fond of the atmosphere of peace and calm in the country 他喜欢乡间的和平宁静的气氛。 巩固提

23、高 Completely lost in the exciting_of the football match，Tom didnt feel his pocket picked Ascene Bview Catmosphere Dsight 4. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface cool down. cool down变凉, 冷却晒了一天的太阳之后,他喜欢在海水中凉快一下. After a day in the sun, he l

24、iked to _ in the sea.他的话平息了她的怒气. His words _ her anger.5. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 (1) “What believe”是主语从句，what 在主语从句中作宾语。

25、 (2) presence n. 存在；出席；到场 反义词 absenceShe was so quiet that her _ was hardly noticed. 她一声不响，几乎没人留意到她在场。相关链接in ones presence/in the presence of sb. 在.面前；当着的面 (3)harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children。你吸烟会危害到你小孩的健康。 We should wipe out harmful insects我们应该消灭害虫。 归纳

26、拓展 harm n.& vt损伤，伤害 do sbharmdo harm to sb对某人有害 do more harm than good弊大于利 It does no harm (for sb)to do sth做某事无害处 harmless adj.无害的 harmlessly adv无害地 harmlessness n无害 巩固提高 Everyone knows smoking is_ to their health，but many of them cant tear themselves away from it Aharmful Bgood Chelpful Dbad 6This

27、 produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to begin to develep这长生了一种链式反应，那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合构“for life to begin to develop”，宾语补足语是possible。基本形式为make+it+adj.n+to do。 She made it her business to find out who was responsible她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。 Zhonggu

28、ancun made it possible for him to follow his dreams and help the country he loves.中关村使他有可能实现自己的梦想，同时为他所热爱的国家做出自己的贡献.归纳拓展 常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等：He finally found it impossible to finish the task on time without my help他终于发现没有我的帮助按时完成这项任务是不可能的。I feel it my duty to help you我觉得我有责任帮助你。I th

29、ink it interesting to study English我认为学英语很有意思。巩固提高I found_.(到达那里很难)I think_. (打扫房间是我的职责)I consider_. (学英语很有用) 巩固练习一 单词拼写 1) We have a large s_ of railways.2 )The new methods he suggested sounded good in t_ , but is not practical in use.3) The boat sank in a v_ storm at sea.4) She is u_ her mother; s

30、he is tall and her mother is very short.5) Efficiency (效率) would be m_ several times.6) Wide differences of character _(存在) even in children of the same family.7) The _(气氛)of the meeing is very friendly.8) She asked them not to discuss the matter in her _.(在场)9) One cannot e_ without air.二 单项选择1. Th

31、e custom of arranged marriage still _ in many countries.A. appears B. lays C. lives D. exists2. China is a country, but America is a country. A. developing; developing B. developed; developed C. developing; developed D. developed; developing3. he can pass the entrance examination is quite uncertain.

32、 A. If B. Whether C. That D. What4. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever5. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 6. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made her duty to look af

33、ter all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it班级_ 姓名_小组_第三课时 reading (language points)要点探究7. Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. 好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。million n.&adj. 百万（的）；当hundred, thousand, mill

34、ion, billion 被数词修饰时，总是用单数。There are two _hundred_ people in the hall. 大厅里有二百人。当hundred, thousand, million, billion后面接of 短语时用复数形式。Hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of people starved to death in the earthquake because of the delay of supplies.8.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more t

35、han 140 millon years. 他们也产卵，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)lay 产卵 Fat hens lay few eggs. 鸡肥不下蛋。The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birdsnests. 杜鹃在其它鸟的巢中产蛋。Will you lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好晚餐的桌子好吗？His parens lay great hope on him. 他的父母对他寄予很大的希望动词原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lay 产卵；放置 laid laid layinglie 说谎 lied lied lyingl

36、ie躺；位于 lay lain lying相关链接 lay off下岗 lay aside 搁置(2)exist vi. 存在；生存；活着；有The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. 罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。One cant exist without air. 没有空气人就不能生存。词汇扩展existence n. 存在，生存 in existence 现存的，现有的；come into existence/being 出现；产生跟踪演练The manager had fallen asleep where he _ without u

37、ndressing.A.was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had leidMany species of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer in _.A.evidence B. effect C. essece D. existence.9. ，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them ，因为他们能从体内产出幼仔并给幼仔喂乳。 give birth to 产生，分娩; 使

38、诞生 Mary gave birth to a healthy baby girl玛丽生了个健康的女婴。 She died shortly after giving birth她生下孩子后不久便死了。10. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，它们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。in ones turn 轮到某人；接着相关拓展 It is/was ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 in turn 反之反过来，依次相继地 take turns t

39、o do = take turns doing sth 轮流做某事 by turns 轮流11. Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animal, now with hands and feet,appeared and spread all over the earth最后，大约260万年前，一些小而机灵的、现在有手脚的动物出现并遍布了整个地球。spread vt使伸展，延伸 vi(消息等)传开；流行 ( spread spread spread)Mum spread a new cloth on the table

40、when we had dinner. 我们吃饭时妈妈在桌子上铺上一条新桌布The news spread through the school quickly 消息很快传遍学校。The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby火从工厂蔓延至附近的房舍。巩固提高Papermaking began in China and from here it _ to other countries.Aspread Bgrew Ccarried Ddeveloped12. They are putting too much carbon dioxid

41、e into the atmosphere,which prevents heat escaping from the earth into space它们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中。1) too much“太多”，可在句中作主语、表语、定语和状语。作定语时只修饰不可数名词；若修饰可数名词复数，须用too many。作状语时，只修饰动词。He was often ill because he ate and drank too much他曾因饮食过量而常常生病。This washnt the first time Linda had taken too

42、many pills琳达吃药过多这已不是第一次了。相关链接too much的中心词为much，“过于，太多”，作定语，后接不可数名词，还可单独用作主语、表语、状语等。much too的中心词为too，“极其，非常”，后接形容词或副词。如：The problem is much too difficult for me to work out这道题非常难，我算不出来。I m afraid the gift may be much too expensive恐怕这个礼物太贵了。You are asking too much你问的太多了。Im afraid Ive put you too much

43、trouble 我怕太麻烦你了巩固提高Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_to carry all the way homeAmuch too heavy Btoo much heavy Cheavy too much Dtoo heavy much 2) prevent sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 from 可省略，但用于被动语态时，from 不能省略。Nothing can prevent us(from)going. 什么也阻挡不了我们去。I was prevented from starting by the

44、 bad weather. 坏天气使我不能动身。巩固提高He had a best way_ price from keeping _.A. preventing; raising B. to prevent；raising C. preventing；rising D. to stop；rising相关链接阻止某人做某事：keep sbfrom doing sth(此处的from不能省略) 阻止某人做某事 stopprevent sb(from)doing sth阻止某人做某事 注意：在被动语态中，三个短语中的from都不能省略。短语拓展protectfrom表示 保护不受侵袭，挡住，防御，

45、from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。巩固提高1)All the visitors were stoppedprevented/kept from entering the building. 所有参观者都被阻止进入那座大楼。2) An umbrella will protect you from the rain雨伞可以保护你不至于淋雨。3)We must take measures to stop the river from_by the factoriesAbeing polluted Bpolluting Cpolluted Dbeen polluted13So whether life

46、 will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved因此,生命能否再在地球上延续几百万年将取决于这个问题能否被解决。 1）depend on 取决于；决定于Your success depends on whether you work hard or not你的成功取决于你是否努力工作。 The price depends on the quality 价格得依质量而定。 依赖；依靠(不用于进行时) Children depend

47、on their parents for food and clothing.小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。 Good health depends on good food，exercise and getting enough sleep良好的健康依赖良好的食物、运动和充足的睡眠。 He depends on his pen for living. 他靠笔杆(写作)为生。 信任；信赖He is a man to be depended on他是个靠的住的人。I depend on it that he will come 。 我相信他会来。. 归纳拓展 that dependsit (a11

48、) depends (单独使用或置于句首)视情况而定 I may help him，but that depends 我也许会帮助他，但那得视情况而定。 It depends how you deal with the problem那要看你如何应付这问题而定。 2）本句中有两个whether 引导的从句，第一个是主语从句；第二个从句则作介词on的宾语Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.究竟对我们有害还是有利,还要等着瞧。I dont know whether you like flowers or not. 我不知道你是

49、不是喜欢花。巩固练习一 单词拼写 1)The illness is through the village.（蔓延）2)What （使迷惑）me is why they did not show up.3)Every night he （观察）the space through a telescope . 4)By the time they reached the top of the mountain, they were (精疲力尽).5)There is a big underground railway (系统) in London, which is good for travel

50、ers.6)Zhang Heng was one of the most famous Chinese _ （天文学家） in the world.7)The mammals (繁殖) when the animals, harmful to them, disappeared.二. 翻译下面短语 (15 分)1太阳系 2及时 3阻止，制止 4依靠，信赖 5感到高兴 6既然，由于7一般而言 8熟悉，掌握 9突发，爆发 10与不同 11冷却 12全球变暖 13. 二氧化碳 14. 在表面上 15. 好象 三. 选用以上短语的正确形式填空 (10 分) . 1. It was almost mid

51、night that a fire in the neighborhood.2. you are here, why not have a drink? 3. -Did you catch your plane? -Yes, we got there just .4. The dish tastes good after it 5. -Will you go fishing this afternoon? -Well, it all the weather.第四课时 Learning about Language学习目标语言目标1. To get Ss to know how to use n

52、ew words and phrases.2.Get the students to study noun clauses.2. 能力目标 1.Enbale students to use noun clauses correctly and properly.2. To help Ss to master some new words and expressions：climate/weather crash3. 情感目标 Develop studentsspirits of cooperation and teamworkStep 1 温故互查完成课文28页练习题Step 2 设问导读 主

53、语从句StepI 定义在复合句中作主语 的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词主要有：连接代词who，whom，what连接副词when，where，how，why及连词that，whether。StepII 连接词的选用 that和what的选用 that和what都可引导名词性从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。That light travels in straight lines is known to

54、all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。 if和whether的选用 引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。 其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如： When we shall hold our sports meet is not

55、decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who,要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让

56、步状语从句的区别 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(主语从句）Anyone who breaks the law should be punishedWhoever breaks the law, he should be punished.(让步状语从句）(No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）2) it构成的主语从句 由连词that引导的主语从句，为避免主语显得过长，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。 It is well-known that th

57、e earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。比较： It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，无逗号）As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定语从句，无that，有逗号） 上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。 常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构 It is a fact （a good id

58、ea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news）that如： Its a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。It is reported(well-known/ hoped / thought /said /believed /suggested/ordered）thatIt is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /w

59、onderful / possible/likely）that需要注意的是，这类主语从句中谓语动词多为“（should）动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。 It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。 It is important that a student learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 Its clear that they badly need help. 很明显，他们急需援助。 It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 飓

60、风很可能马上就要到达了。 It seems （happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference ）that 如： It seems that they will win the game. 看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参加会议都无关紧要StepIII主语从句中应注意的几点：1）主语从句的语序 主语从句要求使用陈述语序 ，而非一般疑问句语序。如： What surprised me most