航运英文术语

1、ABSAmerican Bureau of Shipping: A U.S.-based private classification, or standards setting society for merchant ships and other marine systems.AD VALOREMLatin for according to the value. (1) An ad valorem duty is an import duty based on the value of an article as defined in the customs law of a parti

2、cular country, rather than on weight or volume. A percentage of that value is charged, for example, 5% ad valorem. (2) A freight rate set at a certain percentage of the value of an article is known as an ad valorem rate.ADMIRALTY COURTA court having jurisdiction over maritime questions pertaining to

3、 ocean transport, including contracts, charters, collisions, and cargo damages.ADVISING BANKA bank operating in the exporters country that handles letters of credit for a foreign bank by notifying the exporter that the credit has been opened in his favor.AFFREIGHTMENT, CONTRACT OFAn agreement by a s

4、teamship line to provide cargo space on a vessel at a specified time and for a specified price to accommodate an exporter or importer who then becomes liable for payment even though he is later unable to make the shipment.AFTIn, near, or toward the stern of the vessel.AGENCY AGREEMENTAn agreement wh

5、ereby the steamship line appoints the steamship agent and defines the specific duties and areas of responsibility of that agent.AMIDSHIPS HYPERLINK Generally speaking the word amidships means in the middle portion of a vessel.ARBITRATION CLAUSEA standard clause to be included in the contracts of exp

6、orters and importers, as suggested by the American Arbitration Association. It states that any controversy or claim will be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association.ASBAAmerican Shipbrokers AssociationAUTOMATED MANIFEST SYSTEM (AMS)The electronic sy

7、stem allowing a manifest inventory to be transmitted to the U.S. Customs Service data center by carrier, port authority, or service center computers.BACK HAULPart or all of the return portion of a route over which a trailer or container has traveledBAF (BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR)An adjustment in ship

8、ping charges to offset price fluctuations in the cost of bunker fuel. Also known as a Bunker Surcharge (B/S).BALLASTHeavy substances loaded by a vessel to improve stability, trimming, sea keeping and to increase the immersion at the propeller. Sea water ballast is commonly loaded in most vessels in

9、ballast tanks, positioned in compartments right at the bottom and in some cases on the sides, called wing tanks. On a tanker, ballast is seawater that is taken into the cargo tanks to submerge the vessel to a proper trim.BAREBOAT CHARTER(1) A charter in which the bare ship is chartered without crew;

10、 the charterer, for a stipulated sum taking over the vessel for a stated period of time, with a minimum of restrictions; the charterer appoints the master and the crew and pays all running expenses. See Demise Charter (2) Vessel contracts where charterers take overall responsibility for the operatio

11、n of the vessel and expenses for a certain period.BARGE HYPERLINK Flat-bottomed boat designed to carry cargo on inland waterways, usually without engines or crew accommodations. Barges can be lashed together and either pushed or pulled by tugs, carrying cargo of 60,000 tons or more. Small barges for

12、 carrying cargo between ship and shore are known as lighters.BERTHThe place beside a pier, quay, or wharf where a vessel can be loaded or discharged.BERTH OR LINER TERMSAn expression covering assessment of ocean freight rates generally implying that loading and discharging expenses will be for the s

13、hip owners account, and usually applying from the end of the ships tackle in the port of loading to the end of the ships tackle in the port of discharge.BILL OF LADINGA document issued by a common carrier to a shipper that serves as: (1) A receipt for the goods delivered to the carrier for shipment.

14、 (2) A definition of the contract of carriage of the goods from the port of shipment to the port of destination listed in the bill of lading. (3) Evidence of title to the relative goods. When in order form, a bill of lading is negotiable. (See specific types of Bill of Ladings below)BLACK CARGOCargo

15、 banned by general cargo workers for some reason. This ban could be because the cargo is dangerous or hazardous to health.BONDED WAREHOUSEA warehouse authorized by customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.BREAKBULK CARGOCargo which i

16、s shipped as a unit (e.g., palletized cargo, boxed cargo, large machinery, trucks, and pre-slung cargoBRIDGEUsed loosely to refer to the navigating section of the vessel where the wheel house and chart room are located; erected structure amidships or aft or very rarely fore over the main deck of a s

17、hip to accommodate the wheelhouse.BROKERAGEPercentage of freight payable to broker (by owners in c/ps) or applicable to sale or purchase.BULK CARGOLoose cargo that is loaded directly into a ships hold.BULK CARRIERThere are two types of bulk carriers, the dry-bulk carrier, and the liquid-bulk carrier

18、, better known as a tanker. Bulk cargo is a shipment such as oil, grain, or one which is not packaged, bundled, bottled, or otherwise packed and is loaded without counting or marking.BUNKERSFuel consumed by the engines of a ship; compartments; or tanks in a ship for fuel storage.CABOTAGEThe carriage

19、 of goods or passengers for remuneration taken on at one point and discharged at another point within the territory of the same country.CAF (CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR)A surcharge on freight charges by a carrier to offset foreign currency fluctuations.CARGO HANDLINGThe act of loading and discharging

20、 a cargo ship.CARGO PREFERENCEReserving a portion of a nations imports and exports to national-flag vessels.CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINA document containing an affidavit to prove the origin of imported goods. It is used for customs or foreign exchange purposes or both. Certificates of origin are commonly

21、certified by an official organization in the country of origin such as a consular office or a chamber of commerce.CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRYA document specifying the nation registry of the vessel.CFS CHARGE (CONTAINER FREIGHT CHARGE)The charge assessed for services performed at the loading or dischargi

22、ng port in the packing or unpacking of cargo into/from containers at CFS.CHARTER PARTYA contractual agreement between a ship owner and a cargo owner, usually arranged by a broker, whereby a ship is chartered (hired) either for one voyage or a period of time.CHASSISA frame with wheels on which a cont

23、ainer ridesCHEMICAL TANKERSpecially designed for the transport of chemicals.CHIEF MATEThe officer in the deck department next in rank to the master; second in command of a ship. He is next to the master, most especially in the navigation and as far as the deck department is concerned. The chief mate

24、 assumes the position of the Master in his absence.CONGESTIONSPort/berth delaysCONNECTING CARRIERA carrier that has a direct physical connection with another or forming a connecting link between two or more carriersCONSIGNEEThe person to whom cargo is consigned as stated on the bills of lading.CONSO

25、LIDATORAn agent who brings together a number of shipments for one destination to qualify for preferential rates.CONSORTIUMThe name for an agreement under which several nations or nationals (usually corporations) of more than one nation join together for a common purpose (e.g., a shipping consortium)

26、.CONSULA government official residing in a foreign country charged with representing the interests of his or her country and its nationals.CROSS-TRADESForeign-to-foreign trade carried by ships from a nation other than the two trading nations.DEAD FREIGHT ( DEADFREICHT ) Freight charges paid by the c

27、harterer of a vessel for the contracted space that is left partially unoccupied.DECK CARGOCargo carried on deck rather than stowed under deck. On-deck carriage is required for certain commodities, such as explosives.DEEP SEA TRADESThe traffic routes of both cargo and passenger vessels which areDEVIA

28、TIONVessel departure from specified voyage courseDOCK RECEIPTWhen cargo is delivered to a steamship company at the pier, the receiving clerk issues a dock receipt.DRY CARGO SHIPVessel which carriers all merchandise, excluding liquid in bulk.DRY DOCKAn enclosed basin into which a ship is taken for un

29、derwater cleaning and repairing. It is fitted with water tight entrance gates which when closed permit the dock to be pumped dry.DST (DOUBLE STACK TRAIN)The transport by rail between two points of a trainload of containers with two containers per chassis, one on top of the other.DUNNAGEThe material

30、used to protect or support freight in or on railcars or trailersEMBARGOTo resist or prohibit the acceptance and handling of freightFAK (FREIGHT ALL KINDS)A carriers tariff descriptionfor products pooled and all shipped at one rate. FAK cargo is usually shipped in a container filled with different me

31、rchandise or commodities.FCLFull Container Load, Full Car Load.FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION (FMC) The U.S. Federal agency responsible for overseeing rates and practices of ocean carriers that handle cargo at U.S. ports.FEEDER VESSELA vessel that connects with a line vessel to service a port not direc

32、tly served by that line vessel.FEUForty Foot Equivalent Units (Containers).FIOFree in and out.FIOSTFree in and out, stowed and trimmedFORCE MAJEUREThe title of a standard clause found in marine contracts exempting the parties for nonfulfillment of their obligations by reasons of occurrences beyond t

33、heir control, such as earthquakes, floods, or war.FREE PRATIQUEClearance by the Health AuthoritiesGANGWAYA narrow portable platform used as a passage, by persons entering or leaving a vessel moored alongside a pier or quay.HAGUE RULESCode of minimum conditions for the carriage of cargo under a bill

34、of ladingHUBA central location to which traffic from many cities is directed and from which traffic is fed to other areas.HULLShell (亮殳)or body of a ship.IMOInternational Maritime Organization: Formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), was established in 195

35、8 through the United Nations to coordinate international maritime safety and related practices.INMARSATInternational Maritime Satellite System.ITFInternational Transport Workers Federation (Trade Unions)JOINT VENTUREA term of business partnership involving joint management and the sharing of risks a

36、nd profits between enterprises sometimes based in different countries.JUST IN TIME (JIT)The principle of production and inventory control in which goods arrive when needed for production or use.LASHLighter aboard ship: A barge carrier designed to act as a shuttle between ports, taking on and dischar

37、ging barges.LIENRetention of property until outstanding dept is paidLIGHT DISPLACEMENT TONNAGEThe weight of a ships hull, machinery, equipment, and spares. This is often the basis on which ships are paid for when purchased for scrapping. The difference between the loaded displacement and light displ

38、acement is the ships deadweight.LIVESTOCKCommon farm animals.LLOYDS REGISTER OF SHIPPING ( LR )British classification society.LNGLiquefied Natural Gas, or a carrier of LNG.LOAD LINEThe line on a vessel indicating the maximum depth to which that vessel can sink when loaded with cargo. Also known as m

39、arks.LONGSHOREMANOcean carrier cargo handler that loads and unloads freight at the harbor.LPGLiquefied Petroleum Gas, or a carrier of LPG.MANIFESTA document containing a full list of the ships cargo, extracted from the bills of lading.MARPOL 73/78The International Convention for the Prevention of Po

40、llution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978.OPEN REGISTRYA term used in place of flag of convenience or flag of necessity to denoteregistry in a country which offers favorable tax, regulatory, and other incentives to ship owners from other nations.P & IProtection and indemnity insu

41、rance P & I clubPILOTA person who is qualified to assist the master of a ship to navigate when entering or leaving a port.PILOTAGEThe act carried out by a pilot of assisting the master of a ship in navigation when entering or leaving a port. Sometimes used to define the fee payable for the services

42、of a pilot.PORT AUTHORITYA government body (city, county, or state) which in international shipping maintains various airports and/or ocean cargo pier facilities, transit shedsloading equipment, or warehouses for air cargo. It has the power to levy dockage and wharfage charges, landing fees, and oth

43、er costs.PORT OF DISCHARGEA port where a vessel is off-loaded and cargo discharged.PORT OF LOADINGA port where cargo is loaded aboard the vessel, lashed, and stowed.REBATEA deduction taken from a set payment or charge. Because a rebate is given after payment of the full amount has been made, it differs from a discount which is deducted in advance of the payment. In foreign trade, a full or partial rebate may be given on import duties paid on goods which are later re ex