2022年《美国文史及选读》考试题型及复习要点

1、学习好资料 欢迎下载 2022 年英语双学位 期末考试题型及分值： 美国文学史及选读期末考试题型及复习要点 1作家,作品配对题（ 10*1 分 = 10 分） 2作品选读题（填空题,简答题 5*5 分 = 25 分） 3. 文学术语,文学人物说明题（ 4*5 分 = 20 分） 4. 论述题（ 3*15 分 = 45 分） 认真阅读教材的中文版的序言 熟识教材中以下复习要点中各位作家的选文 Benjamin Franklin: . Remember Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and writer. . Remember him as fa

2、ther of the United States . . Writing features The Autobiography : It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The narrative is lucid, the structure is simple, the imagery is homely. . 本杰明富兰克林： 本杰明富兰克林是创. 造家,政治家和作家； 他是“美国之父”； .写作特点 自传：这是清教徒的简洁,直接和简洁的方式；叙事清晰,结构简洁, 意象淳朴； Edgar

3、Allan Poe Remember Poe as father of modern short story and father of detective story. Remember his important works. Remember his critical works: The Poetic Principle and The Philosophy of Composition. Be able to list some of his famous short stories and some of his famous poems such asThe Raven, Ann

4、abel Lee, To Helen. . Tell the story The Cask of Amontillado in your own words. What is the theme of this short story. Be familiar with his poem To Helen. 埃德加爱伦坡 Poe 是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父； 他的重要著作； 他的批判作品：诗歌原就和写作哲学； 能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌,如乌鸦, Annabel Lee, 海伦等； .表达一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话； 这个短篇小说的主题是什么？ 对海伦熟识他的诗； Ral

5、ph Waldo EmersonKnow something about transcendentalism. Remember Emerson as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalismrefers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the sense

6、s.Major concepts第 1 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎下载 1 Power of intuition. 2 Spirit first, matter second. 3 Nature as symbolic of spirit or God. 4 Individual as the most important element in society/ self-reliant 5 Religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “ oversoul ” 6 C

7、ommerce as degrading/ pay less attention to the material world The “ ove-rsoul ”as called by Emerson was an all -pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which everyone was a part. Generally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God

8、as the most important thing in the universe. EmersonNs atureiscalled manifesto of transcendentalism . The American Scholar 1837 is regarded as “ America Ssecond Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual Cultural Independence ” Be familiar with the essay -relianSceelf . 拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生 .知道一

9、些关于超验主义； 记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领导： 超验主义指的是一种态 度,信任人的直觉熟识真理的才能的识别,或实现学问超越感官；主要概念 .1）直觉的力气； 2） .精神第一,物质二； .3）自然象征精神或上帝； .4）个体在社会 /独立的最重要的元素 .5）宗教作为一种情感沟通个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵” 6）商务 .降级 /较少关注物质世界 .“终止”艾默生称作是一种无孔不入的整体精神力气的和善的灵魂,无所不在,无 所不能,这一切来的都是一部分；一般来说,过度的灵魂提到上帝的灵魂是宇宙中 最重要的东西； .爱默生的自然是被称为“超验主义”宣言； .美国学者（ 1837）被誉为“美国的其次次申

10、报学问 .熟识文章“自力更生”； Henry David Thoreau RememberThoreaumasterpiece.Tell the main contents of Walden in your own words. 亨利戴维梭罗 Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduce The Scarlet Letter in your own words. The influence of Puritanism on The Scarlet Letter. Analyze the main characters. /独立宣言（文化）独立” Tell the symboli

11、c meanings of the letter A. List Hawthorne ajosrmworks. 纳撒尼尔霍桑 第 2 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎下载 A 的象征意义”； Herman MelvilleBe able to list Melville s major works. Be able to retell the story of Moby Dick in your own words. Be able to analyze the character Captain Ahab. Be able to tell the symbolic meanings of Mo

12、by Dick, the ship Pequod and the coffin: the White Whale can be read as an allegorical representation of an unknowable God or the mysterious force of nature; the Pequod is a symbol of doom/death; Queequegs coffin alternately symbolizes life and death. The influence of Puritanism on Moby Dick. 赫尔曼梅尔维

13、尔 Melville 的主要作品； Moby Dick 的故事； Ahab 船长； Moby Dick 的象征意义,船和棺材：白鲸可以解读为一个不行知的上 帝或大自然的奇妙力气的一种象征；是厄运和死亡的象征； Queequeg 的灵柩交替 象征着生命和死亡； Moby Dick 的影响； Walt Whitman. Remember Whitman s most important work. . What is free verse. A kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the length of its

14、lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme if any. Instead of regular metrical pattern it uses more flexible cadences or rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported by anaphora and other devices of repetition. Now the most widely practiced verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the

15、biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries with Walt Whitman. Be familiar with the poem O Captain , My Captain and know its main idea. . 沃尔特怀特曼 . .记住怀特曼最重要的工作； . 自由诗是什么？一种不符合任何格律的诗：它的线条长度不规章,如用韵；而不是 常规的格律接受更灵敏的节奏或韵律的

16、分组,以照管和重复其他设备有时支持；现 在是英语中使用最广的诗歌形式,它在圣经圣歌和布莱克和歌德的一些诗歌中有先 例,但只有在第十九世纪末和其次十世纪,沃尔特惠特曼才建立起自己； 熟识. 船长的诗,我的船长,知道它的主要思想； Emily Dickinson Be familiar with her three poems in the textbook and their themes. Know something about Dickinson s poetic features: A. Her poems have no titles, hence the first line of

17、each poem is always quoted as the title of each poem. B: particular stress pattern: dash ” “ C: Capital letters as a means of emphasis; 第 3 页,共 6 页学习好资料 欢迎下载 D: Language: brief, direct, and plain; E: Poem: short, always on original images or symbolsF: Conventional meters, iambic tetrameter, off-rhym

18、es. G: Short poetic lines, condensed by using intense metaphors and by extensive use of ellipsis. 狄金森 用作为每首诗的题目； B：特殊应力模式：短跑“ -” C：大写表示强调； D ：语言：简洁,直接,淳朴的； E：诗：短,总是对原始图像或符号 F：常规米,四音步抑扬格,无韵； G：短的诗句,用猛烈的隐喻和省略大量使用浓缩； Mark TwainWhat was Mark Twaintsruename.Samuel Langhorne Clemens What does his pen name

19、 mean. What book of his is thought to be the best one about which Hemingway said “ Allmodern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain. What is his first real novel. What is its sequel. Name three of his other works. Retell the short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.

20、 What do you know about Mark Twain s Style. .Vernacular Language: Mark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, and poetic style. He used vernacular language. The directness of the language is a very influential point in Twain s style. . Local Color: Twain depicted social life through descripti

21、ons of local places and people he knew best and believed that “ the most valuable capital, or culture, or education usable in .the building of novels is personal experience. ” a cracker-barrel Cracker-barrel Philosopher: Twain adopted the moral stance of philosopher. This term is often used to mean

22、someone who understands folk wisdom, has a pretty good common sense of view of life, and is pretty realistic about social problems.Twain was that kind of a person. Stephen CraneThe definition of American Naturalism.Remember Stephen Crane s important works. Be familiar with The Open Boat and know the

23、 themes of the short story. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Remember Fitzgerald as the spokesman of the Jazz Age and his major works. . Be able to introduce The Great Gatsby and make comments about Gatsby. William Faulkner. Remember some of Faulkner s famous works. . Know something about his writing features:

24、a. complex plot 第 4 页,共 6 页.学习好资料 欢迎下载 b. stream of consciousness . c. characterization: he was able to probe into the psychology of characters . d. violation of chronology . e. courtroom rhetoric: formal language . f. multiple points of view, circular form . Be familiar with Barn Burning and know t

25、he conflict in it. Ernest Hemingway. Remember him as the spokesman of the Lost Generation. . Memorize Hemingways major works. . Know the theme of the short story A Clean, Well-Lighted Place: The theme of Nada /nothingness is the keynote of the whole story. Nada means hopelessness, aimlessness andmea

26、ninglessness of life. Nearly all the characters live in Nada. Faced with “ nothing in the modern society now and then, man should seek light and order to establish dignity inlife. . Hemingways Icebergprinciple:Hissentencesonlygiveonesmallbit of the meaning.The rest is implied. One must go very deep

27、beneath the surface to understand the fullmeaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestionof vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words. . Hemingways CodeHero:. The “Hemingway Code”of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexualpotency, or ab

28、ility to accumulate or spend wealth. . According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one hasdone one s besti,thwthe courage to act truly according to ones own nature; and the

29、willto face defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other. Ezra Pound.Remember Ezra Pounds most important work The Cantos. “th（inngo”fuss, .Be familiar with In a Station of the Metro and know the images in it. .Remember the three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the frill,orornament）, exclusion of superfluouswords（pr