大3下3d期末复习

1、3D Graphics Programming ToolsFinal Review龙芸辉 复习要点基本概念Rendering Pipeline6个主要部分每部分的功能变换过程中的矩阵计算一些专有名词OPENGL 代码课件及实验中的代码（函数，参数）Introduction to OpenGLDisplay callbackState MachineFunction typePrimitive generatingState changingCoordinate SystemObject coordinates, World coordinateCamera coordinates(3D), S

2、creen coordinate(2D)OpengGL CameraShading (Smooth, Flat)Introduction to OpenGLglutInit(int argc, char* argv) /初始函数glutCreateWindow(“TITLE”); /创建窗口glutDisplayFunc(display); /display callbackglutMainLoop(); /永远是main最后一句，等待用户与程序交互-glClearColor(R,G,B,alpha);/选择颜色glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);/放入bufferglF

3、lush();/画图（一般在display最后）Introduction to OpenGLglVertexdimensionargument type(v)Dimension: 2,3,4Argument: float, int, short, double, v：pointerglBegin(xxx);画点、线、多边形glEnd();Introduction to OpenGLglutInitDisplayModeRGB，SINGLE/DOUBLE，GLUT_DEPTHglutWindowSizeglutWindowPositionglMatrixModeProjection, model

4、 viewglLoadIdentity();glOrtho(left,right,bottom,top,behind,infront);glOrtho2DglViewport(x,y,w,h)Events and AnimationDouble BufferingFront Buffer, Back BufferglutSwapBuffers() Idle FunctionglutIdleFunc(myidle)变化的内容glutPostRedisplay()Window sizeglGetIntergerv(GL_VIEWPORT,viewport);Events and Animation

5、Menu_id = glutCreateMenu(mymenu);glutAddMenuEntry(“Entry 1”,1);glutAddMenuEntry(“Entry2”,2);glutAddSubMenu(“Submenu”,sub_id);glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);Object ModelingSurface ModelingPolygon Mesh ModelingFaces(Edges)VerticesNormalsEulers Formula: V-E+F=2Hidden-Surface Removal : z-buffer algor

6、ithmHidden-Surface RemovalglutInitDisplayMode(.|GLUT_DEPTH)glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)-Sierpinski Gasket Triangle, tetrahedron, sphereGlut ObjectModeling TransformationTransform MatricesIdentity ScaleTranslationRotationOpenGL: TransformationglMatrixMode(

7、GL_MODEVIEW)glLoadIdentity()glTranslated(x,y,z)glRoated(theta,x,y,z)glScale(x,y,z)矩阵与代码的转化代码的顺序与实际变换的顺序相反CTM Current Transformation MatrixOpenGL: hierarchical objectsStack TraversalColour: (R,G,B,alpha) alpha 透明度glEnable(GL_BLEND)glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)BlendingLighting - Sou

8、rceAmbient light indirect illuminationDistant light parallelPoint light SpotlightArea lightLighting - ReflectionDiffuse reflection any directionLamberts cosine lawEnergy reflected proportional to the cosine of the angleIndependent of the viewing directionDepend on surface orientation with regard to

9、the light sourceLighting - ReflectionSpecular reflectionView dependentStrongest near mirror angleSnells Laws入射反射光在同一平面入射角反射角相同OpenGL lightingEnable shading and select modelglEnable(GL_LIGHTING) /ignore glColor()glLightModeli(parameter,GL_TRUE)GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWERGL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDEDglLigh

10、tModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT,global_ambient)Specify normalsglNormal3f(x,y,z); glNormal3fv(p);glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE)OpenGL lightingSpecify lightsglEnable(GL_LIGHT0)glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,ambient)GL_AMBIENT,GL_DIFFUSE,GL_SPECULARSpecify material propertiesglMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_EMISSION,e

11、mission)GL_AMBIENT, GL_DIFFUSE, GL_SPECULAR, GL_SHININESS, GL_EMISSIONProjectionProjectionCOP center of projectionDOP direction of projectionView plane 投影面Parallel COP 无限远, DOP 相同Orthographic DOP 垂直于投影面Isometric - view point 在 (1.0,1.0,1.0)Perspective 透视PerspectiveProjected point: x, y, z, z/dViewing TransformationL look at vector (atx eyex, aty eyey, atz - eyez)U up vectorR 叉乘得到的垂直向量变换后： r- x , u- y , l - -z Viewing Transformation rx ,ry ,rz , rx eyex ry *eyey rz *eyez ux ,uy , uz ux*eyex uy *eyey uz *ey