电子自动化系考研复试专业英语词汇完美版

1、-. z.1.通信原理词汇-. z.Uint1抽样量化和编码：sampling quantizing and coding话路：speech channel幅值：amplitude value抽样频率：sampling frequency抽样速率：sampling speed rate 脉冲流：stream of pulses重复率： repetition rate编码过程：coding processs模拟信号：analog signal传输质量transmission quality数字通信digital munication数字传输digital transmission含噪声的环境no

2、isy environment传输路由transmission path信号比signal-to-noise ratio信号电平signal levels地面系统terrestrial system噪声功率noise power二进制传输binary transmission反向操作reverse operation8位码序列8-digit sequence接收端receiving terminal帧格式frame format同步字synchronization wordthe schemes for performing these three function 实现这三项功能的方案a s

3、eries of amplitude values一串幅值a speech channel of telephone quality质量的话路a sequence of 8-binary digits 一个8位二进制码的序列a minimum theoretical sampling frequency 理论上的最小抽样频率a voice channel occupying the range 300Hz to 3.4KHz占据着300Hz到3.4KHz 频率围的话路8-digits per sample value每个样值8位码the sparking ofacarignition syst

4、em汽车点火系统的大火the stream of the pulsese with a repetition rate of 64KHz重复率为64KHz的脉冲the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal真实信号与噪声信号的关系the signal received from a satellite由卫星上收到的信号the plete information about a particular message一条特定消息的全部信息the shape of the transmitted signal被传信号的波形the att

5、enuation introduced by transmission path由传输路由引入的衰减the unit that converts sampled amplitude value to a set of pulses将抽样的幅值转换成一串脉冲的单元a sequence relating to channel 1，2 and son on涉及到第一路、第二路及其他各路的序列a unique sequence of pulses called synchronization word 被称为同步字的独特的码序列terrestrial system 地面系统the presence o

6、r absenceofthepulse 脉冲的有或无a high-speed electronic switch 高速的电子开关the time division multiple*er 时分多路复用器Time Division Multiple*ing时分多路复用Unit2串行接口 serial interface 显示终端 CRT terminal 发送器与接收器 transmitter and receiver数据传输 data transmission数据流data stream 闲置状态the idle state 传号电平 mark level 空号电平space level 起始

7、位start bit停顿位stop bit T秒的持续时间duration of T seconds 奇偶校验位parity bit 错误标志error flag 传输错误transmission error 下降沿falling edge 符号间的空格 intersymbol space接收机的定时 receiver timing本地时钟local clock 磁带 magnetic tape控制比特control bit 逻辑1电平logical 1 level 二进制数据binary data明显的缺点obvious disadvantage asynchronous serial da

8、ta transmission 异步串行数据传输 The most popular serial interface 最为流行的串行接口 The transmitted data 所传送的数据 The clocks at the transmitter and receiver发送器和接收器的时钟 The era of teleprinter电传机的时代 The dots and dashes of a character一个字符的点和划 Three times the duration of intersymbol space符号间空格持续时间的三倍The group of bits cal

9、led characters 被称为字符的比特组 The invariable units prising 7 or 8 bits of information由7或8个比特的信息组成的固定单元A clock generated locally by the receiver 由接收机本地产生的时钟The received parity bit following the character 在字符后所收到的奇偶校验位 The falling edge of the start bit 起始位的下降沿The character-oriented nature of the data link

10、数据链路面向字符的特性Uint3联网技术networking technology国际标准化组织international Organization for Standardization (ISO)参考模型reference model数据分组packet data应用程序application program网络媒体network media分层called layering 硬件和软件hardware and software表示层the presentation layer传输层the transport layer数据链路层 the data link layer网络效劳 netwo

11、rk services文件接入 file access数据格式 data format主机host协议protocol连接connectivity逻辑地址logical addressingNetworking technology联网技术Proprietary networking system专用联网系统The international Organization for Standardization国际标准规划组织patibility between the various type of networks 各种网络之间的兼容性Seven numbered layers七层协议Stan

12、dardization of network ponents网络部件的标准化Error recovery纠错Receiving hosts system 发方主机系统Connection-oriented circuits 面向连接的电路Information flow control 信息流控制Network media access网络媒体接入Electrical specification电气特性Ma*imum transmission distance 最大传输距离Uint 4传输控制协议transmission control protocol互联协议Internet protoco

13、l数据通信data munication微波microwave高层协议higher-level protocol流量控制traffic control目的地destination信源resource段segment互联层Internet layer分组交换packet switching 超文本传输协议hyperte*t transfer protocol灵活性fle*ibility数据报datagramtransmission control protocol传输控制协议Internet protocol互联协议satellite links卫星链路the Standard On which

14、 the internet has grown互联网开展所基于的标准Network access layer网络接人层connectionoriented protocol面向连接的协议file transfer protocol文件传输协议hyperte*t transfer protocol超文本传输协议domain name system域名系统developer of software软件开发人user datagram protocol用户数据报协议packet -switched technology分组交换技术Unit 5局域网local area network工作站works

15、tation外设peripheral拓扑topology集线器hub交换器switch流量traffic网络接口卡network interface card数据库database印刷电路板printed circuit board主板motherboard网络适配器network adaptor并行数据parallel data电脉冲electrical impulses中继器repeater联网介质networking medialocal-area network局域网logical topology逻辑拓扑devices that connect directly to a netwo

16、rk segment直接连到网络段的部件network interface card网络接口卡process of the encapsulation打包的过程standardized symbol标准化的符号printed circuit board印刷电路板e*pansion slot of a bus on a puters motherboard在计算机母板上总线的扩展槽network adapter网络适配器parallel signal produced by the puter由计算机产生的并行信号transmltting station发送站the specifications

17、 for Category 5 twisted-pair Ethernet五类双绞线以太网的规Unit 6无源集线器passive hub网桥bridge 可用带宽 useable handwidth地址表addressing table交换器 switch路由器 router光纤optical fiber无线介质wireless media铜线copper wirethe device that serves as the center of network作为网络中心的部件multi-port repeater多端口中继器reliability of the network网络的可靠性pa

18、ssive or active hubs无源或有源的集线器protocol address or network address地址或网络地址network administrator网络管理者switching of packets to the best route交换分组到最正确路由network segment网络段Unit 7网络资源network resource 信息效劳information services 远程终端remote terminals 地址address 互连的系统interconnected systems 命令mand电子electronic mail主机H

19、ost 无线信道wireless channels搜索工具popup 用户界面user interface 拷贝copy 互连网popup 存取access 文本信息te*tual messages 鼠标mouse 协议protocol 超文本协议hyperte*t protocol giant network of puters located all over the world分布在全世界的计算机的巨大网络backbone system主干系统nationwide network全国围的网络 electronic conferences电子会议remote terminal远程终端liv

20、e conversation实时的对话 world wide web万维网searching tool搜寻工具the largest repository of information最大的信息库network facilities resources网络设备资源the vast majority of the puters on the net在网上的绝大多数计算机the Uni* operating system UNI*操作系统te*tual message文本信息sa way to move data between the internet and your PC在因特网和你的PC机

21、之间传送数据的方法the convenient searching tools方便的搜索工具the networked hyperte*t protocol 联网的超文本协议Unit 8optical fiber munications光纤通信 light source光源 wavelength波长laser 激光器dispersion 色散transmission medium传输介质multi-mode fiber多模光纤long-haul trunks长途干线single-mode fiber单模光纤bandwidth带宽wideband subscriber宽带用户fiber-opti

22、cs纤维光学mercial technology商用技术threshold current 门限电流photodetector光检测器wavelength multiple*ing 波分复用fiber-optic networks 纤维光网络video bandwidth视频带宽长途传输long distance transmission中继距离. repeater spacing商用技术. mercial technology光纤通信. optical fibre munications已装光纤的总长度. the total length of installed fibre长途通信系统lo

23、ng-haul telemunication system低衰减的石英纤维the low-loss silica fibre衰减逼近瑞利极限的光纤fibers with losses approaching the Rayleigh limit室温下的门限电流. room temperature threshold currents较长波长区the longer wavelength region用户接入工程. subscriber access project部件性能和可靠性的改良improvements in ponent performance and reliability SET置位

24、 Set-up time设置时间 Timer计时器 Toggle触发 Chapter 9 Asynchronous counter异步计数器 Cascade级联 Decade十进制 Decade counter十进制计数器 Recycle循环 Ripple counter脉动计数器 Sequential circuit时序电路 State diagram状态图 State machine状态机 Synchronous counter同步计数器 Terminal count最终计数 Truncated截断 Truncated sequence截取序列 Up/Down counter上行/下行计数

25、器 Chapter 10 Bidirectional双向的 Johnson counter Johnson计数器 Load加载 Ring counter环形计数器 Shift移位 Stage层 Universal shift register通用移位存放器 Chapter 11 Global cell全局单元 Local cell本地单元 Registered 存放器模式 Chapter 12 Access time存取时间 Address地址 BEDO DRAM脉冲扩展数据输出动态随机访问存储器 Bus 总线 Byte字节 Cache memory高速缓冲存储器 Capacity容量 CCD

26、电荷耦合器件 CD-R可记录光盘 CD-ROM光盘 CD-RW可重写光盘 Cell单元 DAT数码录音带 DIMM双列直插存模块 DLT数字线性磁带 DRAM动态随机存储器 DVD-ROM数字通用磁盘数字视频磁盘 Dynamic memory动态存储器 EDO DRAM扩展数据输出动态随机存取记忆体 EEPROM电可擦除只读存储器 EPROM可擦写可编程只读存储器 FET场效应管 FIFO先入先出 Flash memory闪存 Floppy disk软盘 FPM DRAM快页模式的动态随机存储器 Hard disk硬盘 Jaz cartridge JAZ磁带 Latency period等待时

27、间 LIFO后入先出 Magneto-Optical disk光学磁盘 Memory array存储器阵列 MOSFET金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 Nibble 半字节 Nonvolatile非易失性 Pipeline 流水线技术 PROM可编程只读存储器 QIC 1/4英寸磁带 RAM随机存取存储器 Read读取 Refresh刷新 ROM只读存储器 Seek time寻道时间 SDRAM同步动态随机存储器 SIMM单线存储器模块 SRAM静态随机访问存储器 Static memory静态存储器 UV PROM紫外线可擦写可编程ROM Volatile易失存储器 Word字 Word ca

28、pacity字容量 Word length字长 WORM只写一次存储器 Write写 Zip disk Zip 磁盘 Chapter 13 Acceptor接收器 Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)模数转换器 Bus总线 Bus arbitration总线仲裁 Bus contention总线竞争 Controller控制器 DCE数据通信设备 Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)数模转换器 DTE数据终端设备 Flash ADC GPIB通用接口总线 Handshaking握手协议 High-Z高阻态 IEEE 488 bus I

29、EEE 488总线 IEEE 1394 bus IEEE 1394总线 Interfacing接口 ISA bus ISA总线 Listener收话器 Local bus本地总线 Modem调制解调器 Monotonicity单调性 PCI bus PCI总线 Peripheral外围设备 Port端口 SCSI小型计算机系统接口 Source源 Talker 发话器 Tristate 三态 USB通用接口总线 Chapter 14 Accumulator累加器 Address地址 Address bus地址总线 ALU算术逻辑单元 piler编译器 Contiguous邻接 Control

30、bus控制总线 Control unit控制单元 Coprocessor协处理器 CPU 中央处理单元 Data bus数据总线 Debug调试工具 DMA直接存储器存取 EU执行单位 Flag标志 Hardware硬件 Instruction pairing指令配对 Interrupt中断 I/O port输入输出端口 IP指令指针 Machine code机器码 Memory-mapped I/O存储器映像I/O Microcontroller微控制器 Microprocessor微处理器 Mnemonic助记符 Multitasking多任务 Op-code操作码 Operand操作符

31、PIC可编程中断控制器 Pointer指针 Polling轮询 Port端口 PPI可编程外围接口 Prefetching预取 Program程序 Pseudo-operation伪操作 Queue对列 Real mode实模式 Register array存放器阵列 Relocatable code可重定位编码 Segment段 Software软件 Software interrupt软件中断 String字符串 Subroutine子程序 Throughput总处理能力 Chapter 15Bipolar双极型 CMOS互补金属氧化物半导体 Current sinking电流消耗 Cur

32、rent sourcing电流提供 Drain漏极 E2CMOS电可擦除CMOS Gate门 Noise immunity抗干扰度 Noise margin噪声边界 Open-collector集电极开路 Propagation delay time传播延迟时间 Pull-up resistor上拉电阻 Source源极 TTL晶体管晶体管逻辑 Unit load单位负载-. z.8.模电词汇-. z.半导体semiconductor 本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor 掺杂doping 共价键covalent bond 空穴hole束缚电子bonded electron

33、 自由电子free electron 半导体二极管 semiconductor diode点接触型point contact type 等效电路equivalent circuit电流方程current equation伏安特性Volt Ampere characteristic发光二极管light-emitting diode理想模型ideal model面接触型junction type 小信号模型small signal model 折线化模型piecewise model载流子 carrier 波形转换电路waveform converter波形发生电路waveform generat

34、or方波发生器square wave generator函数发生器function generator锯齿波发生电路Saw tooth wave generator矩形波发生电路rectangle wave generator三角波发生电路triangular wave generator正弦波振荡电路sinusoidal oscillator差分放大电路differential amplifier参数 parameter共模放大倍数mon-mode gain共模抑制比mon-mode rejection ratio输出电阻output resistance输入电阻input resistan

35、ce长尾long tailed 场效应管field effect transistor对称条件condition of symmetry共模信号 mon-mode signal 恒流源constant current source零点漂移zero drift静态工作点quiescent point有源负载active load串联型稳压电源 series voltage regulator保护电路protecting circuit平安区保护safety operating area protection过流保护current overload protection过热保护thermal ov

36、erload protection基准源reference 带隙基准源band-gap reference齐纳基准源Zener reference衬底substrate沟道channel恒流区constant current region夹断电压pinch off voltage结型junction type 金属-氧化物-半导体场效应管Metal-O*ide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)绝缘栅型insulted gate type开启电压threshold voltage耗尽型depletion type增强型enhanceme

37、nt type漏极drain栅极gate源极source输出特性output characteristics转移特性transfer characteristics多发射极晶体管multiple emitter transistor电荷放大器charge amplifier多集电极晶体管multiple collector transistor电路仿真circuit simulation电流反应集成运放current feedback operational amplifier电流模current mode比例电流源scaling current source多路电流源multiple cur

38、rent source 镜像电流源current source mirror 微电流源small value current source威尔逊电流源Wilson current source单片集成稳压器monolithic integrated regulator低频功率放大电路 low frequency power amplifier电容 capacitor旁路by-pass 极间inter-electrode 扩散diffusion 滤波filtering 耦合coupling 势垒barrier 电容滤波capacitance filter脉动系数ripple factor电压比拟

39、电路voltage parator窗口比拟器window parator过零比拟器zero-crossing parator集成电压比拟器integrated voltage parator简单比拟器simple parator三态比拟器tri-state parator限幅clipping阈值电压threshold voltage滞回比拟器regenerative parator电压反应集成运放voltage feedback operational amplifier电子设计自动化Electronic Design Automation (EDA)EM模型Ebers-Moll model伏

40、安特性Volt-Ampere characteristics放大电路amplifier变压器耦合transformer coupling 单级放大电路single stage amplifier共发射极 mon-emitter (CE共漏极mon-drain (CD)共集电极mon-collector共基极mon-base(CB)共源极mon-source(CS)多级放大电路multi-stage amplifier负载线load line直流负载线direct load line交流负载线alternating load line 共射-共基放大电路CE-CC amplifier共集-共基放

41、大电路CC-CB amplifier工作点稳定operating point stabilization光电耦合器photo-coupler射极输出器emitter follower选频frequency selective直接耦合direct coupled 阻容耦合RC coupled 电大电路的性能 characteristics of amplifiers放大倍数amplification 频率特性frequency characteristics (frequency response)波特图Bode plot上限截至频率upper cut-off frequency相频特性phas

42、e frequency characteristic下限截至频率lower cut-off frequency失真系数distortion factor输出电阻output resistance 输入电阻input resistance瞬态响应transient response通频带bandwidth效率efficiency信噪比signal-noise ratio最大输出幅值 ma*imum output amplitude最大输出功率 ma*imum output power放大电路的分析analysis of amplifiers等效电路equivalent circuith参数模型h

43、-parameter model混合模型 hybrid- model直流模型DC model交流通路AC model图解法graphical method直流通路direct current path负反应放大电路的自激振荡self e*cited oscillation of feedback amplifiers校正措施pensational method超前校正phase lead pensation滞后校正phase lag pensation稳定判据stability criterion稳定裕度stability margin幅值裕度gain margin相位裕度phase marg

44、in闭环closed-loop负反应negative feedback反应通路feedbackpath开环open-loop深度负反应strong negative feedback正反应positive feedback自举电路bootstrapping feedback反应极性判断feedbackpolarity e*amination 反应组态feedback configuration电流并联current-parallel电压串联voltage-series 反向饱和电流IS reverse saturation current光电池photocell光电二极管photodiode光

45、电三极管phototransistor隔离放大器isolated amplifier丙类class C BTLbalanced transformer-less 互补电路plementary pair circuit集成功放integrated circuit power amplifier甲类放大class A amplification甲乙类放大class AB amplification交越失真cross-over distortionOCLoutput capacitor-less OTL output transformer-less 热阻 thermal resistance输出功

46、率output power散热heat dissipation推挽push-pull 乙类放大 class B amplification准互补电路 quasi plementary 干扰interference集成电压比拟器integrated voltage parator集成模拟乘法器integrated analog amplifier变跨导乘法器variable trans-conductance multiplier四象限乘法器four-quadrant multiplier集成运算放大电路integrated operational amplifier circuit保护电路pr

47、otecting circuit反相输入端inverting input terminal集成电路特点features of integrated circuit理想运放ideal operational amplifier失调电流offset current失调电压offset voltage同相输入端non-inverting input terminal通用型popular type转换速率slew rate专用型special type精细整流电路precision rectifier半波half wave全波full wave双极型晶体管bipolar junction transi

48、stor饱和区saturation region参数parameter电流放大系数current amplification factor放大区active region击穿电压breakdown voltage特征频率transition frequency晶片wafer晶闸管thyristor开关型直流电源switching mode direct power supply脉宽调制pulse width modulation占空比duty ratio过渡带transition band低通滤波器low-pass filter(LPF)带通滤波器band-pass filter(BPF)带阻

49、滤波器band-elimination filter(BEF)高通滤波器high-pass filter(HPF)全通滤波器all-pass filter(APF)Q值quality factor通带pass-band通带电压增益pass-band voltage gain特征频率characteristic frequency无限增益多路反应 infinite gain multiple feedback filter压控电压源voltage-controlled voltage source中心频率center frequency阻带stop-band阻internal resistanc

50、eN型半导体N type semiconductors多数载流子majority carrier施主原子donor atom少数载流子minority carrier杂质impurity屏蔽screenPN结PN junction 齐纳击穿Zener breakdown温度电压当量Voltage equivalent of temperature受主原子acceptor atom热敏电阻thermistor双列直插式封装dual-line package符号symbol相对误差 relative error信号转换电路signal transfer circuit电压/电流转换电路voltag

51、e-current converter 电流/电压转换电路current-voltage converter精细整流电路precision rectifier压控振荡器voltage controlled oscillator运算电路operational circuit比例电路scaling circuit 差分输入differential inputT型反应网络T type feedback network乘法电路multiplication circuit乘方电路mathematical power circuit除法电路divide circuit对数电路logarithmic cir

52、cuit电压跟随器voltage follower积分电路integration circuit求和电路summing circuit微分电路differential circuit虚短virtual short 虚断virtual open虚地virtualground指数电路e*ponential circuit仪用放大器instrumentation amplifier有源负载active load有源原件active ponent整流电路rectifier半波整流half wave rectifier倍压整流voltage doubler rectifier脉动系数ripple fac

53、tor桥式整流bridge rectifier噪声noise热噪声thermal noise散粒噪声shot noise噪声系数noise factor正弦波振荡电路sinusoidal oscillator石英晶体振荡器crystal oscillator振荡条件criterion of oscillation周期period-. z.9.单片机词汇-. z.Ch1 Hardware System of Single Chip Microputer PC Personal puter机中央处理单元CPU，Central Processing Unit输入输出I/O，Input/Output随

54、机存取存储器 RAM，Random Access Memory专用存放器 Special Function Register程序计数器 PC，Program Counter程序状态字PSW，Program Status Word堆栈指针 SP，Stack Pointer时钟电路 Clock circuit复位电路 Reset circuit电压 Voltage地线 GroundCh2 The E*ploitation of Single Chip Microputer 仿真器 emulator工具软件 facility and software电源 power supply通信电缆 munic

55、ation Cable运行 E*ecute仿真插座 Emulator socket 单步运行 Step在线仿真功能 (On-line emulator function) 跟踪运行 Trace在线仿真器 In Circuit Emulator，简称ICE断点运行 BreakpointCh3 Instruction System of the MCS-51 MCSMicro puter System指令系统 Instruction System寻址方式 Look for address mode直接 Directness立即 Immediately间接 Indirectly变址 Change a

56、ddress相对 paratively数据传送指令 Data Move Instruction算术运算指令 Arithmetic Operation Instruction逻辑运算指令 Logic Operation Instruction控制转移指令 Control Transfer Instruction位操作指令 Bit Operation InstructionBCD码， Binary Coded Decimal加法 ADD，Addition减法 SUB，Subtration乘法 MUL，Multiplication除法 DIV，Divition数据调整 DA，Data Adjust加

57、大 INC，Increase减少 DEC，DecreaseCh4 The Program Design of Assembly Language 机器语言 Machine Language汇编语言 Assembly Language高级语言 High-Level Language简单程序 simple program分支程序 branch program循环程序 circle or loop program子程序 SubprogramCh5 Time and Interrupt 中断 Interrupt计数器 counter定时器 Timer定时器工作方式存放器 TMOD，Timer mode

58、定时器控制存放器 TCON，Timer control启动定时器 TR，Timer Run定时器满标志位 TF，Time Full中断允许存放器 IE，Interrupt Enable中断优先权存放器 Interrupt Priority交通指挥灯 traffic light 倒计时 countdown 片 RAM on-chip Data RAM Ch6 The E*panded System of Single Chip Microputer静态RAMSRAM，Static Random Access Memory 动态 RAM DRAM，Dynamic Random Access Mem

59、ory快擦写型存储器 Flash Memory只读存储器 ROM，Read-only Memory随机存取存储器RAM，Random AccessMemorCh7 The Interface Technology of Single Micro puter 发光二极管 LED，Light Emitting Diode液晶显示器 LCD，Liquid Crystal Display模数转换器A/D Converter，Analogy/Digital Converter数模转换器D/A Converter，Digital/Analogy Converter打印机PrinterCh8 Serial

60、Port municate Technology 串行口Serial Port并行口 Parallel Port外部 e*ternal 通信 munication字符帧 Character frame波特率 Baud Rate异步通信 Asynchronous munication同步通信 Synchronous munication通用异步收发器 UART，Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter通用同步收发器 USRT，Universal Synchronous Receiver/Transmitter全双工 FD/FD*，Full Duple