最新2022年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3

1、最新2022年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3County continuation records has examined and approved the draft, spirit, believe, comprehensive Yearbook of zhuanglang already prepared draft, entered the phase of evaluation. Civil air defense workCounty continuation records has examined and approved the draft, spirit, believe,

2、 comprehensive Yearbook of zhuanglang already prepared draft, entered the phase of evaluation. Civil air defense workCounty continuation records has examined and approved the draft, spirit, believe, comprehensive Yearbook of zhuanglang already prepared draft, entered the phase of evaluation. Civil a

3、ir defense work2022年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But s

4、pecialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule

5、. Nevertheless, the wordamateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community， and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more comp

6、lex training, imp lied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of

7、British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile res

8、earch in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result h

9、as been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical

10、consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs ha

11、ve tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth cent

12、ury. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as .A sociology and chemistryB physics and psychologyC sociol

13、ogy and psychologyD physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that .A there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisationB amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of scienceC professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific communityD amate

14、urs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate .A the process of specialization and professionalisationB the hardship of amateurs in scientific studyC the change of policies in scientific publicationsD the discrimination of pr

15、ofessionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is .A the development in communicationB the growth of professionalisationC the expansion of scientific knowledgeD the splitting up of academic societies核心词汇：academic9A kE5demika.学院的；学术性的；academ古希腊哲学家柏拉图及其弟子研究学问的地方+ic形容词后缀学术的accumul

16、ateE5kju:mjuleitvt.堆积，积累，积聚vi.累积，聚积ac+cumul堆积+ate堆积起来积累;accumulationn.积累，堆积即accumulate+tionamateur5AmEtE:a./n.业余水平的运发动、艺术家等amat+eur人热爱的人业余爱好者comparisonkEm5pArisnn.比较,比照,比喻,比较compar+ison名词后缀connotation9cCnEu5teiFEnn.含蓄,含义(con+note+ation)，con前缀“一起，note记录，ation名词后缀，所有东西都被一起记录在其中含义constitute5kCnstitju:t

17、vt.组成，构成，形成；设立，建立，任命con 一起 +stitute放到一起构成crucial5kru:FiEl, 5kru:FEla.至关重要的,决定性的definition9defi5niFEnn.定义,解释;轮廓影像等的清晰度;说明defin +ition名词后缀定义delaydi5leiv.耽误; 延误;推迟; 延期(de不+lay放置未及时放置好耽误)demonstrate5demEnstreitv.论证,证实;演示,说明de加强+monster+ate动词加强显示证明distinctiondis5tiNkFEnn.区别,差异;级别;特性;声望;显赫distinct+ion名词后缀

18、emphasis5emfEsisn.加强语气; 强调;赋予某事物特殊的意义、 价值或重要性(em加强语气+phas显示+is名词后缀加强显示强调)integrate5intigreitv.使成为一体,使结合在一起(integ完整+ate动词后缀使结合)journal5dVE:nln.定期刊物,杂志,日报;日志,日记(journ日期+al形容词后缀日期，杂志)logical5lCdVikEla.逻辑的,符合逻辑的(log说话+ic名词后缀说话的学问+al形容词后缀符合逻辑的)overall5EuvErC:la.全面的,综合的n.pl.套头工作服participatepa:5tisipeitv.参加, 参与(parti局部，分开+cip进入+ate动词后缀进入一局部参加);participationn.参加；分享即Parti+cip+ationprimacy5praimEsin.第一或首先的状态; 首席的职责, 重要性(prim第一，主要的+acy名词后缀重要性)pr