2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Cloning讲义新人教版选修

1、2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 Unit2CIoning 讲义新人教版选修Imercial adj.商业的；贸易的straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的breakthrough n.突破procedure n.程序；步骤；手续cast vt .扔；投；掷altogether adv.总共；完全地arbitrary adj .任意的& impact n.撞击；冲击；巨大的影响moral adj .道德（上）的；伦理的pulsory adj .必须做的；义务的；强制的shortly adv.立刻；不久bother vt.打扰 vi .操心 n.烦扰 initiala

2、dj .最初的；开始的vain adj .虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的占八、单词restore vt 恢复；使恢复原状；重建merely adv.仅；只；不过adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 undertake vt.着手；从事；承担宀 undertook （过去式）宀undertaken （过去分词）t undertakingn.任务；事业object vi .反对；不赞成t objection n.不赞成；反对；异议t objectiveadj.客观的；无偏见的 obtain_ vt.获得；赢得t obtainable_ adj.可获得的；能取得的forbid_ vt.禁止；不准t forba

3、de_/forbad （过去式）t forbidden_（过去分词） accumulate vi .& vt .积累；聚积t accumulationn.积累；增加retire vi .退休；离开t retirement n.退休 assumption n. 假定； 设想t assume vt.假定； 设想regulation n.规则；规章；法规t regulate vt.调节；管理 popularity n.受人喜爱；流行t popular adj .流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的strike vt .& vi .& n.打；撞击；罢工t struck （过去式）t struck （过去分词）

4、resist vt.抵抗； 对抗t resista neen. 反抗； 抵抗t resista ntadj.有抵抗力的；抵制的 decorationn.装饰宀 decorate v.装饰；布置reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的reason n.原因；道理1.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2. cast down沮丧；不愉快3. object to 反对 4. in favour of 赞成；支持重5. owe.to 把归功于6.(be) bound to (do) 一疋或注疋(做)占八、7. o ones heart使刻骨铭心8. from time to t

5、ime不短时；偶尔语9. bring_back_to_life使复生；使复活 10. in_vain白费力气；枉费心机11. in_good/poor_condition状况很好（坏）;情况很好（坏）1.Then came. 倒装句和that引导的同位语从句重 Then came the disturb ing n ews that Dolly had bee seriously ill.(教材占八、P2)句2. whether.or.无论还是型However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm usand wh

6、ere it is leading us.(教材 P12)复习同位语1.从句作同位语语法The fact that she seemedto develop normally was very encouraging.(教材Pn)要2.名词（短语）作同位语占八、Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the lifeof the original sheep.(教材 P12)1undertakevt .（undertook ； undertaken） 着手；从事；承担；接受；同意It is a diffic

7、ult task to undertake.（教材 Pii）这是一项很难完成的任务。a task/project承担一个任务/项目(1)un dertaketo do sth 同意/答应/着手做某事 for sth为某事负责that.保证(2)u ndertaki ngn.任务；事业The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.由那位年轻工程师独自承担的项目最终获得了巨大的成功。Mr Colli ns un dertookto_look (

8、look) after the childre n while his wife couldgo to the fit club with two of her frien ds.柯林斯先生承担了照料孩子的任务，这样他妻子就能够与她的两位朋友去健身俱乐部 了。2objection n.不赞成；反对；异议On the other hand, Dollys appeara nee raised a storm of object ions and had agreat impact on the media and public imagination.(教材 P12)另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一

9、阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。raise an objection todoing sth 对 做 某事提出异议have/make an/no objecti on todoing sth.反对/不反对做某事object vi .反对；不赞成 n.物体；目标 object to sb/sth 反对/不赞成某人/事(2) object to sb人做某事object that.宾格 /ones doing sth反对反对某(3)objective adj.客观的；无偏见的Pears on is your best friend, so I have no objectio

10、n to himing (e) to stay.皮尔逊是你最好的朋友，所以我不反对他来小住。We object to being blamed (blame) for someth ing that we have nt done.我们反对因与我们无关的事情而受到责备。I objected that he was too young for the position.我表示反对，他太年轻不适合这个职位。His object of studying English is to know more about Britain and British.他学习英语的目的是要更多地了解英国和英国人民。【

11、提示】object 表示反对，为不及物动词，接宾语时后面需加介词to ； oppose表示反对”，为及物动词，接宾语时后面不需加介词to。be opposed to表示反对；和相反”。3forbid vt .(forbade/forbad ； forbidden)禁止；不准Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into humancloning.(教材 P12)有些政府开始改革法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究doi ng sth 禁止做某事sb sth禁止某人某事forbid禁止某人做某事丁sb to do s

12、thIsb from doing sthforbidden adj.禁止的cForbidden City 紫禁城I will forbid you to_leave (leave) uni ess you apologize for what you have done. 如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我就不允许你离开。The manager forbidssmoking (smoke) during office hours.经理禁止在办公时间抽烟。He was_forbidden (forbid) to leave the house as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开

13、房子。【提示】forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb to do sth形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise 等。4owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢You owe the lady an apology.( 教材 Pi3)你必须向这位女士道歉。owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物(1) owe.to 把归功于owe it to sb that.多亏某人owing to = because of因为，由于(后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表示原因)These

14、 early settlers owed their survivalto hard work and determ in ati on tosucceed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。Owing(owe) to her assista nee, we succeeded in starti ng the engine.多亏她帮忙，我们成功启动了引擎。5bother vt.打扰 vi .操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothere

15、dscientists.(教材 Pi4)然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病，这个问题困扰着科学家们。bother to do sth操心做某事 bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰/麻烦某人It bothers sb to do sth/that.使某人苦恼的是put sb to any bother给某人添乱Heathcliff was used to being outside all day, and did not bother to_wash (wash) or cha nge his clothes.希斯克里夫成天在外面待惯了，也不上心换洗自己的衣服。He did

16、nt want to bother her with his finan cialproblems on their hon eym oon.他不想在他们的蜜月期间因他的经济问题使她扫兴。丄 bothers me that he has nt bee n telli ng me the truth.他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。What bothers (bother) me most is that he seems to take no interestin his work.最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。He is reallya bother, for he is

17、 always putt ing others to any bother.他确实是个极为讨厌的人，总是给别人添堵。【提示】bother作麻烦；困难”讲时是不可数名词；作令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的 人”讲时是可数名词。【比较网站】这组词都表示“使人不得安宁 /心烦意乱”bot her指干扰别人的正常生活或工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有 令人讨厌的意味。dis turb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。tro uble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用 于礼貌的请求。ann oy常指重复性的行为使人生气。常用被动语态，表示为某事

18、烦恼、生气。1pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清But at last the determ in ati on and patie nee of the scie ntists paid off in 1996with a breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep.（教材 Pii）但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是 1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。【一词多义】写出下列句中pay off的含义。It took them three years topay off the debt. 偿清Her design won t

19、he firstprize in the petition.Yearsof patienee and hard workhad at last paid off .得到好结果pay for付的钱；因而受惩罚pay back偿还；报复He had to work part time so as to payfo his edueati on.他不得不做兼职来支付学费。That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。2in favour of 支持；赞成Is it in favour of

20、cloning or against it?（教材 P12）赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？favo u r n.恩惠；帮助；喜爱；赞同；支持v.喜爱；赞同；支持in favour 赞同；支持；有利于in on es favour对某人有禾U(1) out of favour 失宠；不流行win on es favour得到某人的欢心do sb a favour = do a favour for sb帮某人忙ask a favour 请求帮忙owe sb a favour欠某人人情favo(u)rableadj .赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的favo(u)riteadj .最喜爱的(只用于名词前

21、)n. C心爱的人/物表示支持、赞同某人的表达方式还有：be for sb ； stand by ； stand on ones side表示不支持、不赞同某人的表达方式有：be aga inst sbThere were 247 votes 吐 favour and 152 aga in st.有247票赞成，152票反对。rm all in favourof equal pay for equal work.我完全支持同工同酬。The excha nge rate is in our favour at the mome nt.目前汇率对我们有利。C ould you do me a fa

22、vour and turn off the light?请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？ni ask Steve to help. Heowes me a favour.我要请史蒂夫帮忙。他欠我一个人情。3( be) bound to (do) 一定或注定(做);有责任或义务(做)Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries,教材 P14)多莉的死，正如它的出世一样，注定带来焦虑。(1)bind v. (bound, bound) 捆；绑；约束be bound up in 忙于； 热衷于*be bound up with 与有密切关系I

23、prefer a free life. I dont like tobe_bound(b ind) to someth ing.我喜欢自由的生活，不喜欢被什么束缚。The marriage based on money is boundto_break (break) up.建立在金钱基础上的婚姻是肯定要破裂的。Hes too bound upin his work to have much time for his childre n.他工作太忙，没有多少时间陪他的孩子们。Her illness is bound upwith the pressure of her study and wo

24、rk.她的疾病与她的学习和工作压力有密切关系。Then came.倒装句和that引导的同位语从句Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.(教材 P12)接着传来了令人烦恼的消息一一多莉得了重病。【句式点拨1】表示方位的副词或介词短语以及表示时间的For a mome nt nothing happe ned. Then先是什么也没发生，接着传来所有人的喊声。Heari ng the dog bark ing fiercely, away 听到狗叫得厉害，小偷吓跑了。【句式点拨2】now, then等置于句首

25、时，句子完全倒装。came(e) voices all shout ing together.fled (flee) the thief.本句中的news与that Dolly had bee seriously ill是同位语。常见的后接同位语从句的扌由象名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion,thought, question, order,fear 等。He had no idea when she would e back.他不知道她何时会回来。The thought that Mr Li would ope n a restaura

26、 ntin New York surprised his wife.李先生要在纽约开饭店的想法让他的妻子非常吃惊。He got a message from Mr Joh nsonthat the manager could not see him thatafter noon.他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面了。知识要点WI固I .品句填词（用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）1. My mother forbids meto_play (play) puter games for a long time because shethinks they will r

27、uin my study and future.2. Dont bother me with the stupid questions and I have more important thingsto do.3. Somescientists put forward an assumption that humanbeings can movetoano therpla net in case the earth is not fit to live on someday.4. Up to now, scientistshave made a major breakthrough in t

28、he treatmentof thedisease.5. Going for a run outdoors is better than doing exercise in the gym becauseit has a positive impacton men tal, as well as physical health, researchers havefound.6. Her efforts paid off a nd in xx she gained a place at Uni versity CollegeLondonto study medici ne.7. I can he

29、ar the sound of the falling rain and the not-so - strongly blowingsummer winds now, which disturbs my heart to the point that it is boundto be (be)a sleepless ni ght.8. Pine trees, being (be) green all through the four seasons.are highly adoredby scholars in Chin ese traditi onal culture.9. However,

30、 some of the panies have gone into a decline afterhaving_obtained/obtaining (obta in) a temporary success.10. As far as rm concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.n .单句改错（含本单元的词汇和语法）1.Although they are twins, Tony differsAfromhis brother in many ways.2.The circumsta nces were

31、 all aga inst Joe, but he didnot cast dow n.was3.Though they were good friends,Lucy objectedtolend her ID card to Kathy lendingto apply for a credit card.Albert owes A to his doctors care that he is quite well again.itThe house is still in a good condition. It ought not to have been knockeddow n.I c

32、ould nt resistlaugh at the driver since he was stupid eno ugh tolaugh ingrear - end(追尾撞车)some one on the highway. My father forbade me Ameeting my friends online at the Internet cafe.fromPeople are surprised to learn that the so- called “liberals ” are not inthefavor of freedom. Whybother to going a

33、broad to study, when there are so manygood universitiesgoat home? It suddenlystruck /to-me that we ought to make a new plan.occurred川.课文语法填空Clo ning is a way of 1. making(make) an exact copy of ano ther ani mal or pla nt.Normally, cloning has two major uses. 2. Firstly (first), gardeners use it to p

34、roduce plants. Secondly, it is 3. valuable (value) for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward4. but/while the cloning of animals is very plicated. Theprocedure is difficult 5.to undertake (undertake). In 1996, scientists succeededcloning Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturb

35、ing news 7.that Dolly had beeill. Altogether Dolly lived for six and a half years, whose appearanee raised a storm of 8. objections (object). Government became nervous and some 9.forbad (e)(forbid)research into human cloning. Scientists still wonder 10.whether cloning will helpor harm us and where i

36、t is lead ing us.:：单无检测卷(三)选修8 Uri让2: E EI .阅读理解AStay ing sile nt can be just as powerful as the words you mean to say, like whe nthe act of hugg ing will be more forting tha n say ing,“ Sorry for your loss. ”Ano ther time whe n sile nee is golde n is whe n you are un sure of what to say. If you are

37、 con fused about your own feeli ngs concerning a matter, its best to stay quietun til you are more certa in because more harm can be done by reveali ng false or exaggerated feeli ngs.Choose sile nee in stead of blurt ing out“ in - the - momen” feeli ngs that ar ehurtful and not really how you feel i

38、n the gra nd scheme of thin gs. When you feel the urge to say an unkind thing, take a few breaths and think of the possible con seque nces of your words.Silenee can be your best friendduring negotiations.Say your piece, then closeyour mouth, and let other pers ons e to their own con clusi ons. Your

39、sile nee shows that one, you are con fide ntin what you just said, and two, you respect other pers onseno ugh to hear what they have to say.Sometimes sile nee is the best and most timely soluti on because other pers ons are not in a positionto hear what you have to say. For example, when a friend ne

40、edsyou to listento her problems, but she is unable to accept your advice at that moment.Practicebeing silentat work when you dont have anything meaningful tocon tribute. Uni ess you can elevate the conversatio n by poin ti ng out someth ing interesting, missing, or beneficial, its best to just obser

41、ve and learn.Fin ally, sile nee is golde n whe nyou dont want to en gage in a fools argume nt.As some squabbles will n ever be resolved, one must agree to disagree.However, there will be times in your life when you will need the power of your voice, the voice with in you that wants and n eeds to be

42、respected and appreciated.语篇导读本文为议论文。文章开头形象地说明了保持沉默的作用，接着详细介绍了利用沉默的种种场合，最后提出观点：有时也应该说出自己内心的想法。The passage mainly tells us about.when to stay silentB. why to stay silentC. how to stay silentD. whether or not to stay silent解析A主旨大意题。本文介绍了保持沉默的各种时机和场合，根据每段首句中的another time, when, during, sometimes等词可知应选

43、A项。What is the best to do during negotiation?Grasp every chanee to say more than the other.Close your mouth and just listen to the other.Say what you should and draw a conclusion.Speak out your own points and let the others speak out theirs.D项。解析D细节理解题。根据第四段可知，谈判时几句话表明观点后保持沉默，让别人想 想你的决定；当他人在说话时认真倾听，

44、也充分表现出你对他人的尊重，故选3 The underlined word “ elevate ” here most probably means .A startB concludeC interruptD cancel解析 A 词义猜测题。 根据第六段可知， 在工作中， 要是你没有任何有建设性的贡献时， 试着保持沉默。 除非你能指出一些有趣的地方、 一些被遗漏的点或者是特别有帮助的事来促 进谈话内容，故选 A 项。4 To follow this passage, the writer is likely to continue telling aboutA the power of y

45、our voiceB the occasions when you should speak upC the advantages of speaking upD the disadvantages of staying silent解析 B 推理判断题。 本文最后一段由 however 表示转折， 指出在生活中有时候也需要 打破沉默和表达意见，根据 there will be times 可以推断出，下文作者将介绍表达意见的 场合，故选 B 项。BHow do you stay true to yourself when youre surrounded by friends or fami

46、ly that have an opinion on everything you do? Its not easy! 5. Here are fourtips which can help you live a dynamic life.6Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. Deep down you know yourself better than

47、 anybody else.Dont fear people.7 The reason why most people dont take risks or live on the edge isthe fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you trulydeserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.Value yourself and your choices.Whenyou do, others will too.

48、 Ownthe choices you make in your life. 8.Whenyou believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Showconfidence in your choices and what you stand for whether others agree or not.Focus on appreciation.No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. A

49、ll successful people ask: What amI grateful for? Howcan I improve my situationand use the tough time to in spire others? 9.These steps, if applied, will help you transform your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity.Focus on your own talents and strengths.Never let others opinions guide your cho

50、ices.Treat every person like they are important.When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and youll lead a successfullife.However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really wa

51、nt.语篇导读本文为说明文。当你身边总是围绕着这样一些人，他们对你所做的任何事都指指点点，总是意见不断，怎么办？作者为你提出了一些忠实的建议。解析G转折关系。上文说到：保持真我不容易，此处说到：然而，你还是有可能过你想要的人生。并接着提出了一些建议，故选G项。解析B总分关系。本段作者的观点是：不要被他人的观点左右，你自己内心深处比任何人都了解你自己，故选B项。解析 E 顺承关系。上下文有关键词： fear, take risks, live on the edge, the fear.，故选 E 项。解析D 对比关系。作者在本段写作手法上用的是对比：空处与 When you believein

52、 yourself, in time, others will believe in you too形成语义对比；在用词上，应与 believe in, con fide nee等是反义，故选 D项。解析F总结关系。上文说到：应相信自己，自己往往最了解自己。但是作者并不是固执己见，他告诉我们：应学会感恩，成功之士善于不断地改进自己，故选F项。n.完形填空Recently,my family and I attended a neighborhood oyster（牡蛎）roast. I was morethan glad that many people _1_ together there.

53、While standing at the large tables_2_ and eating oysters, I noticed aschool - aged boy across the _3 from us who was being handed oysters by a _4_._Obviously, the boy was having a great deal of 5 and displeasure trying to _6_ them dow n.At the beginning, I thought the manwanted the boy to _7_ the oy

54、sters and maybe after some time they would stop. _8_ things were not what I had expected. As westood there, it con ti nu ed. With each oyster, the _9_ of this boy became more and more obvious as he _10_ tears, struggli ng to swallowthem. I _11_ lear ned thatthe man felt the boy had bee n disrespectf

55、ul and this was his _12_._Seeing that, I stopped chatt ing and eati ng oysters and _13_ whether to getinvolved or walk away at first. But then I thought that if the boy were my own child, what should I do? Sudde nly a good idea _14_ meI grabbed（抓住）my daughter andour Frisbee（飞盘）and made our way _15_

56、the manand the boy. Weintroduced ourselves, _16_ not to know many people there, and invited the boy to e and play Frisbee with us.The man stared at us for a moment, and then _17_ it. Immediately the boys situationchanged. He became _18_ and talkative. Wepulled another child into ourgroup and played

57、Frisbee for a good 30 minu tes together.It brought me much _19to end the sufferi ng I was wit ness ing at the mome nt,and I was fully _20 that trying to help in that or any situation where you see sufferi ng is the best thing to do.语篇导读本文为记叙文。作者在参加邻居家的牡蛎烧烤聚餐时，遇到了一个身陷困境的小男孩。作者想出了一个帮助他摆脱痛苦的好主意1. A. qu

58、arreledB. laughedC. gatheredD. left解析C作者是和家人一起参加了邻居家的牡蛎烧烤聚会，聚会通常都是很多人聚集在一起的，故选C项。2. A.dancingB.chatt ingC. playingD.si nging解析B作者站在大桌子旁，一边聊天（chat）一边吃牡蛎，故选 B项。3. A.tableB.roomC. chairD.desk解析A作者站在一张大桌子旁边，那这个男孩应是在这张大桌子(table)的另一边,故选A项。4. A.friendB. relativeC. fatherD.man解析D根据第二段第句可知，是一个男人(ma n)拿着牡蛎，故选

59、 D项。5. A.funB.convenienceC. interestD.difficulty解析D根据下文的displeasure trying to可知，小男孩明显是遇到了困难。14A.beatB struckdifficulty 与 displeasure 并列，故选 D 项。6 A.swallowB drinkC bringD throw解析 A 根据句意可知，小男孩是很不情愿地将这些牡蛎吞下去的。swallow.down将吞下去，故选 A项。7 A.smellB testCtryD avoid解析 C 根据下文的 and maybe after some time they wou

60、ld stop可知，前面作者原以为那个男人只是想让小男孩尝一尝牡蛎，故选C项。8 A.ThusB ButC SoD Indeed解析 B 根据下文的 things were not what I had expected可知，事情并不是作者所想象的那样，与上句是转折关系，故选 B 项。9 A.excitementBsufferingC eagernessDskillfulness解析 B 根据前后两句可知，随着每一次吃牡蛎，小男孩的痛苦(suffering) 越来越明显，故选 B 项。10 A.fought backBheld onC backed offDslipped away解析 A 句