加拿大奶牛肉牛酮病

1、酮病Ketosis in Dairy CattlePrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis泌乳牛代谢病，体重下降、异食僻、食欲差、奶产量下降、神经官能异常Ketosis is a metabolic disease of lactating cows characterized by weight loss, pica, decreased appetite, decreased milk production and neurological abnormalities通常在产后六周出现It generally occur

2、s in the first six weeks of lactation. 血液和组织伴有大量酮体：-羟基丁酸、乙酰乙酸、丙酮It is characterized by an accumulation in the blood and tissues of large quantities of Ketone bodies: B-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid and acetone. 酮体是肝内脂肪正常代谢产物Ketone bodies are normal products of the metabolism of fat in the li

3、ver.摄入不充足能量形成的能量负平衡导致酮体产量增加Negative energy balance caused by inadequate energy intake leading to increased production of Ketone bodies伴有血糖过低. It is accompanied by hypoglycemia危险因素Risk factors低能量摄入Low energy intake高蛋白摄入High protein intake青贮料过多（丁酸是前体物）Excessive silage (butyric acid is precursor to for

4、mation of Ketone bodies)奶牛过肥Over fat cows缺乏运动Lack of exercise继发性酮病Concurrent disease limiting feed intake can lead to secondary ketosis子宫炎、乳腺炎、乳牛热、跛行、皱胃移胃Metritis, Mastitis, Milk Fever, Lameness, Displaced Abomasum临床症状Clinical Findings消耗性综合症Wasting Syndrome渐进性发作Onset is usually gradual早期为饲料摄入轻微降低Ear

5、ly signs are a slight decrease in feed intake 奶产量下降Drop in milk 精神萎靡Lethargy粪表面有坚固粘液膜Firm mucous covered feces体重下降Weight loss异食僻Pica弓背Humped back posture奶牛和尿酮体检测显阳性Ketonuria and positive Rotheras test in milk呼出气体有酮味Ketone smell on breath神经症状Nervous syndrome突然发生Sudden onset 行为异常1-2小时1-2 hour episodes

6、 of bizarre behavior吼叫Bellowing转圈Circling用头抵压Head pressing 徘徊Aimless wandering 食欲异常Abnormal appetite 共济失调In coordination亚临床酮病Sub-clinical ketosis仅吃粗料，不食精料Eat roughage but not concentrate体重下降Weight loss/condition loss奶产量下降Decreased milk yield酮尿Ketonuria低繁殖、卵巢功能紊乱、子宫内膜炎Reduced fertility, ovarian dysfu

7、nction and endometritis鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis消瘦性综合症Wasting Syndrome肥牛综合症Fat cow syndrome移胃Displaced abomasum消化不良Indigestion (acidosis)创伤性网胃炎Hardware DiseasePylonephritis 神经症状Nervous syndrome李斯特病Listeriosis 狂犬病Rabies 疯牛病Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)肝脑病Hepatic encephalopathy实验结果Laboratory

8、 Findings酮尿Ketonuria (80 1300 mg/dL)低血糖Hypoglycemia (20 40 mg/dL) N 45-75)牛奶酮体水平30 40 mg/dL（分升） Milk ketone levels (30 40 mg/dL)治疗Treatment静注50%葡萄糖500ml，24-48小时重复IV administration of 500 ml of 50% glucose repeat in 24-48 hrs.糖皮质激素Glucocorticoids地塞米松20mg /隔天，两次Dexamethasone 20 mg every 2nd day twice

9、Isoflupredone 20 mg every 2nd day twice丙烯乙二醇225ml一天两次连用两天，后225ml 一天一次Propylene glycol 225 ml twice a day for two days followed by 225 ml once a day预防Prevention & Control干奶期体况评分3.5-3.75 Cows in dry period should have a Body Condition Score of 3.5 3.75围产期分群饲养，增加营养In the close up group, increase the plane of nutrition有问题场，限制青贮料摄入，在泌乳早期增加长干草采食In problem herds, limit the intake of silag