加拿大奶牛肉牛葡萄球菌乳房炎

1、葡萄球菌乳房炎Staphylococcus MastitisPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus aureus传染性从一个感染牛经挤奶传播给其他牛Contagious spread from one infected cow to another at milking同时引起亚临床和临床性乳房炎Causes both sub-clinical and clinical mastitis治疗效果不好Response to t

2、reatment is poor危险因素Risk Factors带菌牛只Carrier cows不正确的挤奶程序Improper milking procedure临床症状Clinical Findings临床性乳房炎Clinical Mastitis急性乳房炎Acute Mastitis严重的全身症状Severe systemic signs体温升高Elevated temperature厌食，精神萎靡，产奶量严重下降Anorexia, depressed and severe drop in milk production感染乳区热、肿、痛Hot swollen painful infec

3、ted quarter 乳有显著变化絮片，凝块，化脓或水样Gross changes in the milk flakes, clots, purulent or watery坏疽性乳房炎（蓝袋）Gangrenous Mastitis (Bluebag)非常严重的全身症状Very severe systemic signs从热乳区到冷乳区发展，变成蓝色Progresses from hot quarter to cold and blue discoloration如果奶牛幸存，在14天内形成区域性腐肉Area sloughs in 14 days if cow survives慢性乳房炎Ch

4、ronic Mastitis细菌形成遍及感染乳腺的微脓肿，间歇性排出细菌Bacteria forms micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland and intermittently sheds bacteria间歇发作临床性乳房炎Intermittent flare-ups of clinical mastitis亚临床性乳房炎Sub-Clinical Mastitis乳无可视变化No visible changes in the milk所有乳房炎病例的90%是亚临床性乳房炎（70%的经济损失来自乳房炎）90% of all cases of

5、 mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亚临床性乳房炎是最昂贵的疾病Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows体细胞计数高High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)可偶尔发作成临床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical诊断Diagnosis根据临床症状，SCC和临床病例的细菌培养Based on clinical signs,

6、 SCC and culture of clinical cases鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis无乳链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae牛型支原体Mycoplasma bovis引起环境性乳房炎的病因Causes of Environmental Mastitis实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology感染牛群中SCC高High SCC in infected herd感染牛只SCC高Infected cows have high SCC从临床感染牛做乳细菌培养Culture milk from clinically infe

7、cted cows 必须区分其他原因引起的乳房炎Must differentiate from other causes of mastitis大批乳桶细菌培养可作为筛选试验Bulk tank culture can be utilized as a screening test当细菌间歇性排出时，如果做一次培养可能发现不了细菌，May not be found if only cultured once as bacteria is intermittently shed连续三次培养结果阴性，要求排除葡萄球菌Three negative cultures on subsequent days

8、 required to rule out Staphylococcus治疗Treatment临床病例用全身性抗生素和支持疗法治疗Treat clinical cases with systemic antibiotics and supportive treatment因感染的乳腺中遍布微脓肿，所以治愈率低，Cure rate is low because of the formation of micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland预防是关键Prevention is the key预后情况Prognosis很难治愈Poor for cu

9、re后遗症Sequelae成为带菌牛Carrier cows产奶量的损失Loss of milk production 预防Prevention & Control阻止传播是基本的预防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control挤奶程序和卫生设备Milking Procedure and Sanitation前浸泡Pre-dip弃掉前几把奶，检查临床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)用一次性纸巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳Clean and stimul

10、ate milk letdown with individual paper towels 如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒剂Disinfectant in wash solution if used只洗脏的奶牛，洗后必须完全擦干Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried挤奶员戴橡胶手套Rubber gloves on milker应用奶杯Apply milking claw从程序2至7应有6090秒Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds避免过度挤奶Avoid over-milking浸泡乳头可以传送排乳信号Teat dip post milking检验并套上挤奶器Test and maintain milking machines在干乳期，每头奶牛的每个乳区都要干燥Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off淘汰慢性感染牛只Cull chronically infected cows治疗所有的临床性乳房炎病例Treat all