主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

1、第1页北京第一六一中学高二英语主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。构成：关联词+简单句引导主语从句的关联词有三类：从属连词thato女口:Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。从属连词whether。如I：Whetherhe511comehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where

2、,when,how,whyo如I：Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Whereveryouareismyhomemyonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。疑难解答主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：It+be+形容词(obviousge,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,

3、probable,etc.)+that从句。女口:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。如：Itsapitythatwecantgo.很遗憾我们不能去。Itsnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。It+be+过去分词(said,

4、reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。女口:ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如I：ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会

5、。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。It+docsntmatter(makesnodifference,ctc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。女口：Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。女口：Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?下

6、周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)来的人将受到欢迎。Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingth

7、at)他所做的事情是正确的。Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。表语从句定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。构成：关联词+简单句引导表语从句的关联词的种类：从属连词that。如：ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。从属连词whether,as,as讦。如I：Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。Thequestioniswhethertheywi

8、llbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们。注：从属连词讦一般不用来引导表语从句，但as讦却可引导表语从句，女口：Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitsasifitwasonlyyesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。女口：Itlookedas讦itwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,whyo女口:Thepr

9、oblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上阁楼做的事情。连词because可引导表语从句。如I：Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多。在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如I：Mysuggestionisthatwe(shou

10、ld)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。同位语从句定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,关联词多用从属连词that。如I：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来？EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhad

11、declaredwaronRussia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：Ihavenoideawhetherhellcomeornot.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。Wehaventyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑

12、假，这个问题我们还没有决定。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。疑难解答1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中彳、允当句子成分。彳、口省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语女口:ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.(同位语从句,that不可省。)李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消

13、息是真的。Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.(定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。女口：Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。北京第一六一中学高二英语主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句第1页第3页北京第一六一中学高二英语主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句巩固练习herefer

14、redtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where北京第一六一中学高二英语主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句第1页第3页北京第一六一中学高二英语主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句第1页第3页Thetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainisprogrammedtomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.thatCouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A.anyoneB.someon

15、eC.whoeverD.nomatterwhomattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.WhichYoucanonlybesureofyouhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomethingyoumightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that一Where7sthatreport?一IbroughtittoyououwereinMr.Black7sofficeyesterday.A.ifB.whenC.bec

16、auseD.beforeItisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.whenHavingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.whereChoosingtherightdictionarydependsonyouwanttouseitfor.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whetherparentssayan

17、ddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.AsByimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreofyouread.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whetherTheseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmakeitis.A.whatB.whichC.howD.whereWhynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?Thafsthebe

18、stjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whyThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirttheseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.howeverwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.AsThecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.which

19、B.thatC.whatD.whoThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.whyPeopleinChongqingareproudof_theyhaveachieved,inthepasttenyears.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.howStudentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingouttheycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlongisknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which.Whenaskedtheyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.whichAnimalssufferedatthehands