美国社会与文化练习

1、美国社会与文化练习All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, exceptA. Yale B. Harvard C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Uncle Tom s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the.A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native

2、Indians D. black slavesMany early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in theA. gold mines B. silver mines C. coal mines D. copper mines The Declaration of Independence was drafted by.A. James Madison B. Thomes Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George WashingtonOn July 4, 17

3、76,adopted the Declaration of Independerce.the First Continental Congressthe Second Continental Congressthe Third Continental Congressthe Constitutional ConventionThe victory of was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg C. Trenton D. YorktownTen amendments introduced

4、 by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are known as .A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of RightC. the Civil Rights D. Federalist PapersPresident Jefferson bought from France and doubled the country sterritory.A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Oh

5、io During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by _.A. Germany, France and Japan B. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and Britain D. German, Italy and JapanIn 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose astheir next president who promised a new deal to get Ameri

6、ca out of depression.A. Theodore RooseveltB.Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD.Herbert HooverMartin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader A.BoycottB.Civil RightsC. SegregationD.IntegrationThe Constitution of the United States provides that shall be Presidentof the

7、Senate.A. the Secretary of StateB. the Chief JusticeC. the PresidentD. the Vice President was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore Roosevelt B. George WashingtonC. Franklin D. Roosevelt D. Thomas JeffersonWhich of the following statements about America

8、n education is wrong?A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsoryB Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.C There are more public colleges and universities than the private onesD Credits taken at community

9、 colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor s degree.is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square was an actor before he became the President.A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D

10、 Jimmy CarterNew Englanders were originally known as, which come to stand for all Americans.A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother JonathanWhich sport is supposed to be America s national sport and used to be call American s favorable pastime ”？A baseball B basketball C football D cricketChristma

11、s is usually connected to A the reunion of a large family B the eating of Easter eggsC the resurrection of Christ D the forgiving of other s sinsThe largest of the ethnic minorities in America isA the blacks B the Mexico-AmericansC the Spanish-Americans D the Chineseis written by Walt Whitman.A Repr

12、esentative Men B English Traits C Nature D Leaves of GrassThe following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except.challenging the authority of the Pope.salvation through faith.salvation through the church.establishing a direct contact with God.Which of the following American values di

13、d NOT come from Puritanism?Separation of state and church.Respect of education.Intolerant moralism.A sense of mission.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except.George Washington.Thomas Jefferson.William PennBenjamin FranklinWhich of the following was NOT a denomination

14、of Protestantism?A. Catholics.Puritans.QuakersChurch of England.No taxation without representation was the rallying cry of.the settlers of Virginiathe people of Pennylvaniathe colonists in New England.the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.Which of the following states r

15、efused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Virginia B. Rhode IslandC. New York D. MarylandWhich of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,.A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.there was no Bill of Rights.the Constitution did not have any w

16、ords guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.a Bill of Rights “ was added to the Constitution was made.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the presidentWhich

17、of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur.The president can make laws.The president broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives rega

18、rding the work of the federal departments.The Bill of Rights consists of.10 very short paragraphs in an amendment.10 amendments adopted in 1787.C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.D. the amendments concerning freedom of religion, of speech and of the press.Which of the following is NO

19、T guaranteed in the Bill of Rights ?The freedom of religion.The freedom of searching a person s home by police.The freedom of speech and of the press.The right to own weapons if one wishes.When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People s Republic of China?A. In 19

20、72B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 1971Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Mathematics and languagesPolitics and business educationScience and social studies.Music and physical educationThe expenditure in American public schools is guided by or decided by_A. teache

21、r B. students C. headmasters D. boards of educationIn the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, grammar schoolElementary school, junior high schoolElementary school, secondary schoolJunior high school, senior high schoolWhich of the following is NO

22、T mentioned in American higher education?A. Universities and colleges B. Research institutionsC. Technical institutions D. Undergraduate institutionsThree of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer th

23、e best libraries and facilities for scientific research.Large universities provide students with “mainframe“ computersLarge universities offer scholarships to all studentsLarge universities attract students with modern laboratoriesNearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions beca

24、use.A, they find it easy for them to get jobs after having gradual from one of themthey enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsthey like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsthey prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude TestsIn order to go to university, secondary school students m

25、ust meet the following requirements except that.they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersthey make good impressions during the interviewthey get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Teststhey pass the college entrance examinationsTo get a bachelor s degree, an undergrad

26、uate student is required to do the following exceptattending lectures and complete assignmentpassing examinationstaking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyearning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at collegePowers of the American president: The president

27、is the head of the executive branch （行政部门首月而）.He is also head of state（元首）elected by the whol nation. he has some legislative powers（立法权）； he is responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations; he signs Bills passed by Congress into law. he appoints federal officials; he has

28、some judicial powers; commander-in-chief（ 总司令）he can serve for no more than 2 term期不超过2届。总统权利：总统是行政部门首脑；2.国家元首；3.立法权；4.负责美国与其他国家的关系；5.6.委任政府官员；7.司法权利；8.总司令；9.任期不超过2届。Characteristics of American education: formal education in the US consists of elementary, secondary and higher education. Elementary a

29、nd secondary education, which forms public education, is free and compulsory public and private schools: Public schools are created, financially supported and governed by states or communities, and private ones by religious groups, or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.the Tenth Amend

30、ment to the Constitution said education was included among the responsibilities which were reserved to the states or the people ” , This makes it clear that education is a function of the state, not the federal government. diversity and sameness in educational policy and practice. 1.正式教育包括初等、中等、高等教育

31、2.构成公共教育的初、中等教育 是免费和义务的；3.公立和私立学校：公立学校由州或社区创建、资助和管理， 私立由宗教团体、或非宗教性质的个人或组织来创建；4.宪法第十修正案把教育包括在只属于州和人民的职责中，这清晰表明教育是州的职能，并非联 邦政府的；5.教育政策和教学实践的多样性和类同性The role of the community college: they prepare students for transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution. they provide vocational training; the

32、ygive remedial instruction（ 补习课）to students. they offer recreational, cultural activities for adults. they absorb students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocational program.社会学院的作用： 1.为学生攻读4年制院校学士学位做准备；2.提供职业培训；3.补习指导；4.为成人提供文 化娱乐活动；5.将不适应4年制学习的学生吸收到较低一级的职业培训中。The A

33、merican War of Independence and its consequences.美国独立战争极其影响the causes:With the development of economy,the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their own business.But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and collect more taxes from the colon

34、ies.原因：随着经济的发展，殖民地人民要求更多的自 决权。而英国政府的政策是要把经济发展控于股掌，并向殖民地征收更多的税the Boston Tea Party（波士顿茶叶事件）：In 1773, several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded the ships of the British East India Company and threw the tea into the harbor. 1773 年，几十名波士顿居民化装成 印第安人，登上英国东印度公司的船，将茶叶倾入海中。the First continent

35、al Congress: In September 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged Americans to refuse to bry British goods.第一届大陆会议：1774年9月，在费城召开，鼓励美国人抵制英货。Lexington and Concord（歹！J克星顿和康克特 ）：The War of Independence began at there in 1775. The Second Continental Congress（three w

36、eeks after the battle at Lexington in 1775 ）:founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of Washington; appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration（Thomas Jefferson was the man who draft it）, the Declaration of Independence, And adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 17

37、76.第二次大陆会议（1775年的列克星顿战役三周之后）：建立了大陆军和海军，任命华盛顿为总司 令；指定了一个委员会负责起草一份正式宣言 （托马斯。杰斐逊起草），1776.6.4 , 通过了独立宣言。The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke. 宣言清 晰地解释了指导这场革命的政治理论，这一理论源于英国哲学家约翰。洛克。The consequence

38、s: IN September,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. Britain recognized the independence of the United States; the war was from 1775 to 1781, it shows that, in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one. American people gained independence and capitalism developed in America. It also had gre

39、at international influence. 意义：1783年9月，巴黎条约签署，英国承认美国独立；战争从 1775-1781 , 表明，在一场正义的战争中，弱者可以战胜强者。美国人民获得了独立，资本主 义得到发展。同时具有深远的国际影响。Describe the relationship between these traditional American values: Individual freedom and self-reliance, equality of opportunity and competition, material wealth and hard wo

40、rk.Answer:Individual freedom & self-reliance: all individuals have the desire and the right to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government or other organized authority. However, a price to be paid for this is self-reliance. Individuals must learn to rely on themselves

41、or risk losing freedom. They must achieve both financial and emotional independence from their patents as early as possible, and they are not admired live on government s support.Equally of opportunity & competition: everyone here has a chance to succeed.In other words, everyone have an equal chance

42、 to enter the race and win. Because individuals are free from excessive political, religious and social controls. However, a price to be paid for this is competition. If life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed, a person must compete with others, even not everyone

43、will be successful.Material wealth & hard work: material wealth has been a widely accepted measure of social status in the US, so acquiring and maintaining a large number of material possessions are very important to Americans. However, aprice to be paid for this is hard work. Only by hard work coul

44、d these natural resources be converted into material possessions, allowing a more comfortable standard of living. So Americans see material possessions as the natural reward for their hard work.How did the Frontier impact and influence traditional American values?The frontier provided many inspiring

45、 examples of hard work as forests were turned into towns, and towns into large cities.Individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America. Throughout their history, Americans have tended to view the fron

46、tier settlers as the model of the free individual because there was less control over the individual on the frontier than anywhere else in the US. There were few laws and few established social or political institutions to confine people living on the frontier.The values were enlarged and made worka

47、ble.Define the relationship between self-reliance and rugged individualism.Closely associated with the frontier ideal of the free individual is the ideal of self-reliance. If the people living on the frontier were free of many of society s rules, they were also denied many of society s comforts and

48、conveniences. They had to be self-reliant. The self-reliant frontiersman has been idealized by Americans who have made him the model of the classic American male hero with rugged individualism. They struggled against the wilderness and then defended well against evil.Rugged individualism - individua

49、lism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition.Self-reliance - The capacity to manage ones own affairs, make ones own judgments, and provide for oneself: independence, self-determination, self-sufficiency.Describe the purpose(s

50、) of education in the USA.First, Education reflects the nation s basic values, especially the ideal of equality of opportunity. Americans believe that everyone deserves an equal opportunity to get a good education and individuals may climb an educational ladder as high as they can.Second, Americans

51、value education for its monetary value. They believe that the more schooling people have the more money they will earn when they leave school.Third, Education may help people learn not only intellectual, social and interpersonal skills, but also how to study and reach their maximum potential.What wa

52、s unusual about the Article of Confederation? What was the struggle at the Constitutional Convention? How was the conflict solved?The Article of Confederation was unusual in many ways. First, it provided for no king. The drafters blamed the troubles with Britain on king George III. So they decided not to have a king but to have a republic. This was revolutionary. Second, while the Articles created a central government in the form