英语高考浙江专用精准提分二轮：话题拓展阅读与写作第9节

1、第9节饮食与健康（一）I .阅读理解A（2018绍兴高考诊断性考试）The study led by Myrskyla , director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Germany, was the first to analyze the accumulative effects of several key health behaviors on disability-free and total life expectancy.Previous studies have looked at singl

2、e health behaviors.Myrskyla and colleagues instead examined several behaviors simultaneously（同时）, which allowed them to determine how long and healthy the lives of people who had avoided most of the well-known individual behavioral risk factors were.The researchers noted that each of the three unhea

3、lthy behaviors obesitysmoking , and unhealthy consumption of alcohol walinked to a reduction in life expectancy or to an earlier occurrence of disabilities.However , smoking was found to be associated with an early death but not with an increase in the number of years with disability , while obesity

4、 led to a long period of time with disability.Excessive alcohol consumption was found to cause both a decreased lifespan（ 寿命） and a reduced number of healthy years.However , the absence of all of these risky health behaviors was found to be associated with the greatest number of healthy years.The mo

5、st striking finding was the discovery of a large difference in average lifespan between the groups who were the most and the least at risk.Men who were not overweight, had never smoked, and drank properly were found to live an average of 11 years longer than men who were overweight, had smoked, and

6、drank excessively.For women , the gap between these two groups was found to be even greater,12 years.“Our results show how important it is to focus on prevention.Those who avoid risky health behaviors are achieving very long and healthy lives , said Myrskyla.It s not without reason that we are told

7、repeatedly to switch to a healthy lifestyle , which can prevent us from various illnesses as well as keep us young and active. a Improvements in medical technology are often thought to be the gatekeeper to a healthier and longer life.But we showed that a healthy lifestyle is enough to enable individ

8、uals to enjoy a very long and healthy life , said Myrskyla. A healthy lifestyle is enough to get the benefits.Avoiding these behaviors is not an unrealistic goal.”语篇解读研究表明，健康的生活方式使人更加长寿。1. Myrskyla s study is different from previous ones in that A. it concentrates on how single behaviors affect our

9、healthB . it is conducted by a team of professional researchersit analyzes the combined effects of some unhealthy behaviorsit assesses the risk of unhealthy behaviors to the decreased lifespan答案 C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，以前的研究关注的是单个的健康因素，而Myrskyla团队的研究是把几个关键的健康因素放在一起来研究，以此来发现其中的关联和它们对健康的影响。It can be lear

10、ned from Paragraph 2 3 that .obesity is closely connected with an early deathB . smoking leads to a long period of time with disabilityoverdrinking contributes to the reduction in lifespanno striking differences exist between the two groups of women答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句Excessive alcohol consumption

11、was found to causeboth a decreased lifespan（寿命）and a reduced number of healthy years.“ 可知， 过度饮酒会减寿，故选CoWhat may be the best title for the text?A . Health Improvement : Adoption of a Balanced DietB . Health Care: Not a Privilege But a RightAbsence of Smoking : The Simplest Way to Keep HealthyLifestyl

12、e Changes : Extra Years in Good Health答案 D解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的A healthy lifestyle is enough to get thebenefits.Avoiding these behaviors is not an unrealistic goal.”, 并结合全文可知，本文主要叙述了三个不健康因素对健康的影响，研究人员呼吁人们要养成健康的生活方式，从而活得更长久、更健康。故选 DoB（2018江西质检）Now people are very concerned about the food problem.Steve Wi

13、lson prefers organic fruit , delivered right to the doorstep.He is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible, the 30-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.“Organic product is always better Wilson said. The food is free of pesticides（农药）,an

14、d you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty. Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend , and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow

15、 their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting , and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic product? Market research shows that Wilson and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences their knowledge of organ

16、ic food is far from complete.For example , small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported（进口 ） to meet growing demand. The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year , so it is a very

17、fast-growing market , said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.语篇解读这是一篇社会生活类文章。越来越多的人选择有机食物，因为他们认为有机食物无污染，更美味，从而引发了一场有机食品潮。Why does Steve Wilson prefer organic fruit?A. It is delivered right to the doorstep. B . More and more people buy organic fruit. C. He likes home-grown fruit very m

18、uch. D. He considers the fruit free of pollution. 答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的 The food is free of pesticides（农药）”可知，Steve Wilson认为有机食品没有农药，即没有污染。故 D选项正确。What do the underlined words “the organic trend in Paragraph 2 mean? A . Getting the food anywhere.B . Growing food at home. C. Better quality of organic f

19、ood. D. Growing interest in organic food. 答案 D解析 词义猜测题。由第一段中的 Steve Wilson prefers organic fruit , delivered right to thedoorstep”和第二段中的Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into iheorganic trend”可知，the organic trend指的是人们对有机食物越来越感兴趣，吃有机食物的人越来越多。故D选项正确。Why does Sue Flock say it is a

20、very fast-growing market?A. Because of a rapid increase in the demand for it.B . Because it is produced on large farms.C. Because it can t be produced on family farms. D. Because of its proper prices.答案 A解析 细节理解题。 由最后段中的The demand for organic food is increasing by about onethird every year, so it is

21、 a very fast-growing market ,”可知，对有机食物的需求以每年三分之 一的速度增长，所以，这是一个快速增长的市场。故 A选项正确。n .完形填空（2018江西质检）There are too many fat people in America , so many Americans are fighting against overweight.But the 7 thing is that the French, who consume rich food,8 to staythin.Now a 9 by Cornell University suggests 1

22、0 lifestyle and decisions about 11 may affect weight.Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 12.However , Americans tend to stop when their 13 are empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr.Joseph Mercola , a（n） 14 expert, the French see eating 15 an imp

23、ortant part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a 16 time at the table , while Americans see eating as 17 to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans 18 the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French woul

24、d have 19 .In addition , he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 20 foods for the week.The French,21 tend to shopdaily , walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a 22 of fresh fruits , vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each mea

25、l.After a visit to the United States , Mireille Guiliano , author of French Women Don t Get Fat, decided to 23 about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 24 .Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.and is growing.In spite of all these differe

26、nces , evidence shows that recent lifestyle 25 may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity（月巴胖）一or extreme overweight amongdults is only 6%.However , as American fast food gains 26 and the young reject older traditions , the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%语篇解读文

27、章通过对比，介绍了法国人吃大量油腻食品，但仍然保持苗条身材的原因：生活方式和关于饮食的决定。A.presentB. naturalC. strangeD. modern答案 C解析 present目前的，现在的；natural自然的；strange奇怪白modern现代的。很多美国人超重。但是，令人奇怪的是，吃大量油腻食品的法国人，却仍然保持很瘦的身材。故C选项正确。A.continueB. moveC. tryD. expand答案 A解析 continue继续；move移动；try尝试，努力；expand扩充，扩大，扩展。故 A选项正确。A.researchB. novelC. bookD

28、. newspaper答案 A解析 research研究；novel小说；book书；newspaper报纸。由下文中的 researchers可知，康奈尔大学做的一个研究表明生活方式和决定可能会影响体重。故A选项正确。A.thatB. whatC. howD. when答案 A解析 lifestyle and decisions about may affect weight 是 suggest 的宾语从句，结合上句中的解析可知，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导该从句。故A选项正确。A.workingB. livingC. studyingD. eating答案 D解析 work工作；

29、live生活；study学习；eat吃。由该空后面的 affect weight可推知，生活方式和关于吃的决定可能会影响体重。故 D选项正确。A.sensitiveC. happy答案 DD. full解析 sensitive敏感白S; sad悲伤的；happy高兴的，快乐的；full饱的。当法国人感到吃饱了的时候，他们就不再吃东西了。故D选项正确。A.pocketsB. refrigeratorsC. housesD. plates答案 D解析 pocket 口袋；refrigerator冰箱；house房子；plate盘子。但是，美国人只有在盘子里空了（即没有东西可吃了 ）或者他们最喜欢的

30、电视剧结束的时候他们才停止吃东西。故 D选项正 确。 14. A.educationB. healthC. literatureD. speech答案 B解析 education 教育；health 健康；literature 文学；speech演讲。由下文中 Dr.Joseph Mercola 的观点可知，他是一位健康专家。故B选项正确。A.intoB. asC. insideD. to答案 B解析法国人将吃看作是他们生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see.as.意为“将看作”,是固定搭配。故B选项正确。和下一句中的 Americans see eating as tobe squeezed表达

31、一致。A.fairly longB. fairly shortC. very excitingD. rather fast答案 A解析 fairly long 相当长的；fairly short相当短的；very exciting非常令人兴奋的；rather fast相当快。法国人喜欢食物，所以他们花了相当长的时间在餐桌旁。故A选项正确。A.anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing答案 B解析 anything任何事物；something某件事；everything 一切事物；nothing什么也没有。美B选项正确。B. bringD. recei

32、ve国人将吃看作是一件从其他日常活动中挤出来的事情。故A.getC. lose答案 C解析 get得到；bring带来；lose失去；receive收至U。由下文中的“they keep eating long”可知，当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到（自己已经吃饱了）。故C选项正确。A.keptB. enjoyedC. wentD. stopped答案 D解析 keep保持；enjoy喜欢，享受；go去；stop停止。当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到（自己已经吃饱了）。所以他们会一直吃很长时间，这远远超过了法国人停止吃食物的时间。故D选项正确。A.hotB. coolC w

33、armD frozen答案 D解析 hot热的；cool凉快的；warm温暖的；frozen冷冻的。美国人往往会开车去大超市买B insteadD merely一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。故 D选项正确。A.thereforeC however答案 B解析 therefore因此；instead代替，相反；however但是；merely仅仅。美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。相反，法国人却每天都去购物，步行到小的商店去买新鲜的水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。故B选项正确。A.choiceB. messageC orderD number答案 A解析 choice选择；message信息；

34、order命令；number数目。法国人往往会选择新鲜水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。故 A选项正确。A.writeB. readC speakD think答案 A解析 write 写；read读；speak说；think 想。由前文中的 author of French WomenDon, tGetFat”可知，Mireille Guiliano是一位作家，所以她决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性而不是建议人们如何避免吃某些食物。故 A选项正确。A.fruitB. foodC. oilD. egg答案 B解析 参考上题解析。fruit水果；food食物；oil油，石油；egg蛋。故B选项正确。A

35、.examplesB. traditionC. changesD. stories答案 C解析 example例子；tradition传统；change变化；story故事。证据表明最近的生活方式的变化可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。故 C选项正确。A.failureB. successC. acceptanceD. rejection答案 C解析 failure 失败；success成功；acceptance接受；rejection 拒绝。由下文的 the young reject older traditions ”可知，法国的年轻人拒绝传统食物，由此可知，他们越来越接受美国的快餐。故C选项正

36、确。m .语法填空(2018湖南G10教育联盟4月联考)Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.The practice of drinking tea has 27. longhistory in China , having originated there.Nowadays , Chinese tea generally represents tea leaves which have been processed 28.(use) methods inherited from ancient China.According to a

37、popular legend , tea 29.(discover) by Chinese Emperor Shen Nong in 2737 BC 30. a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water the emperor was boiling.The Emperor was interested in the new liquid , 31.(drink) some carefully , and found it very refreshing.And so , tea was said to be created in 2737 BC

38、.Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China.The beverage( 饮料)is considered one of the seven 32.(necessity) of Chinese life , along with firewood , rice, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar.Around 771BC 476 BC the Chinese tea was used 33(help) treat some diseases.Most Chinese teas are cul

39、tivated and consumed in China.Tea shops and tea houses in the street are easily found in China.Meanwhile , they are also exported internationally due 34. a rise in the 35.(popular) of Chinese cuisine worldwide.Tea has become one of Chinese specific drinks in the world.It is 36.(common) available in

40、Chinese restaurants and grocery shops worldwide.语篇解读文章介绍了有关茶叶的知识。.答案 a解析 考查冠词。a long history意为“一段悠久的历史。history前有形容词修饰且表泛指，前面一般用不定冠词。.答案 using解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：使用从古代中国继承来的方法加工茶叶。(use)methods inherited from ancient China” 是方式状语。故该空填现在分词using。.答案 was discovered解析 考查时态和语态。句意为：茶叶是神农在公元前2737年发现的。tea和discover

41、之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语，应用一般过去时态。故该空填was discovered o.答案 when解析 考查定语从句。a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into the water the emperor was boiling ”是定语从句，修饰2737BC ,引导词在从句中作时间状语，故该从句应用关系副词when引导。.答案 drank解析 考查时态。所填词与 was, found是三个并列谓语动词，故该空应用一般过去时态，填drank。.答案 necessities解析 考查名词单复数。该空前有seven修饰，故填名词复数形式。.答案 to help

42、解析考查非谓语动词。茶叶被用来帮助治疗一些疾病。“(help) treat somediseases是目的状语，故填 to help。.答案 to解析 考查介词。due to意为“因为”，是固定短语。.答案 popularity解析考查名词。该空作in的宾语，故填名词popularity o.答案 commonly解析考查副词。该空修饰形容词available,故用副词形式。技法大盘点,阅读理解词句猜测题代词指代题r真题感悟（2017 全国 n , B）I first met Paul Newman in 1968 , when George Roy Hill , the director o

43、f Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn t want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for mtekhdwnhow manypeople would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that

44、grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV .We were respectful of craft（ 技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Bot

45、h of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other butalways with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core（ 核心）of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you re fortunate enough to have success

46、, you should put something back he with his Newmdn s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill , and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn t see each other all that regularly , but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other fin

47、ancially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was , and we didn t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn t need a lot of words.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗纽曼之间的友谊。Why was the studio unwilling to

48、give the role to the author at first?A . Paul Newman wanted it.B . The studio powers didn t like his agent.He wasn t famous enough.The director recommended someone else.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When the studio didn t want me for the film it wantedsomebody as well known as Paul he stood up forWe.,电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选