被动语态详细的讲解

1、被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、丝合”等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。各种时

2、态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done)English is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天者B打扫教室。一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。My bike was stolen.我的自行车被偷了。一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/sho

3、uld be +done)A new road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。现在完成时(have/

4、 has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me.这本书已经被我读了 许多遍了。过去完成时(had been + done)They said they had been invited to the party.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm.她发现房子已被暴风雨摧毁。含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为

5、：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗？(疑问句)aj： iqey Riang 己 true.主动句；王ey ulant印 a tree.转换图示：被动句：A Yeewas planted政 them宾唐变主语b计过去分词Eg. Tom killed him. f He wa

6、s killed by Tom.They hel d a meeting yesterday. f A meeting was held by them yesterday.He sang a song. f A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变 为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told

7、（to） us by Jack.四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 be动词起来（7 个）：look/seem/appear, feel（感觉，摸起来）,sound, smell, tasteShe seems/appears happy.It smells terrible.（逐渐）变得 /变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, goHis wish has come true.People often went hungry in the old days.The tree is growing tall.保持：keep, stayWe must keep quie

8、t in the reading room.五、感官动词的被动语态 。感官动词后面的宾语有三种形式：doing,done和do （不带to的不定式）。但在变为被动语态时，省略to的不定式要还原 to。感官动词主要有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel 主动：.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy

9、 seeing the Chinese football team win.后接V-ing形式表伴随的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard