南开大学865专业英语2010年考研专业课真题及答案

1、考研学习中，专业课占的分值较大。报考院校专业的考研专业课真题是专业课复习中必不可少的资料。 HYPERLINK / 中公考研为大家整理了南开大学865专业英语2010年考研专业课真题及答案，并且可以提供南开大学 HYPERLINK /zhuanyeke/ 考研专业课辅导，希望更多考生能够在专业课上赢得高分，升入理想的院校。南开大学865专业英语2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题学院：100外国语学院考试科目：865专业英语专业：英语语言文学注意：请将所有答案写在专用答题纸上，答在此试题上无效！语言学（50分）. Define the following t

2、erms with examples where necessary:（每小题2分，共10分）dualityassimilationdiglossiadisplacementregister. Work out the distinctive features of the sounds given blow:（每小题1分，共5分）1. m2. f3. h4. e5. u. Identify the meaning relations of the following pairs: (每小题1分，共5分)parent/childfar/neardead/alivepolitician/stat

3、esmanlion/cub. Answer the following questions: (每题10分，共30分)In English, the phoneme /p/ is pronounced differently in words such as pat, spat, or tap. Can you form a rule that can generalize this linguistic phenomenon?In the following three sentences, the particle “up” stays in different positions, i.

4、e. immediately after the verb in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence.Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?She stood up the man who offered her a diamond.She stood the man up who offered her a diamond.She stood

5、the man who offered her a diamond up.3. What kind of implicature do the following exchanges of conversation possibly make?A: The skirt she is wearing is beautiful, isnt it?B: Oh, the pattern is nice.(The conversation is made when Speaker B knows for sure the obvious beauty of the skirt.)英美文学（50分）. D

6、efine briefly the following terms. （本题共20分，每小题4分）Walt Whitman and Leaves of GrassOld English, middle English and modern EnglishRealismSonnetAlliteration. Reading and Interpreting.（本题共30分，每小题3分）Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Sir Philip Sidney.Sonnet 31With how sad steps, O Moon,

7、thou climbst the skies!How silently, and with how wan a face!What, may it be that even in heavenly placeThat busy archer his sharp arrows tries?Sure, if that long with love-acquainted eyesCan judge of love, thou feelst a lovers case;I read it in thy looks; thy languisht graceTo me that feel the like

8、, thy state descries.Then, even of fellowship, O Moon, tell me, Is constant love deemed there but want of wit?Are beauties there as proud as here they be?Do they above love to be loved, and yetThose lovers scorn whom that love doth possess?Do they call virtue there ungratefulness?What question does

9、the poet speaker ask in lines3-4?According to lines 5-9, what do the speaker and the moon have in common?In your own words, tell what the speaker asks in lines 10-14.What does the description of the moon in lines 1-8 suggest about the speakers emotion when he is in love?What do the questions that co

10、nclude the poem imply about the object of the speakers love?What is the rhyme scheme of this poem?Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following passage from Catch-22 by Joseph Heller.“Sure theres a catch,” Doc Daneeka replied. “Catch-22. Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isnt really crazy.”T

11、here was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for ones own safely in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy

12、and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didnt, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didnt have to; but if he didnt want to he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this

13、 clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.“Thats some catch, that Catch-22,” he observed.“Its the best there is,” Doc Daneeka agreed.Yossarian saw it clearly in all its spinning reasonableness. There was an elliptical precision about its perfect paris of parts that was graceful and shocki

14、ng, like good modern art, and at times Yossarian wasnt quite sure that he saw it at all, just the way he was never quite sure about good modern art or about the flies Orr saw in Applebys eyes. He had Orrs word to take for the flies in Applebys eyes.“Oh, theyre there, all right,” Orr had assured him

15、about the flies in Applebys eyes after Yossarians fist fight with Appleby in the officers club, “although he probably doesnt even know it. Thats why he cant see things as they really are.”“How come he doesnt know it?” inquired Yossarian.“Because hes got flies in his eyes,” Orr explained with exagger

16、ated patience. “How can he see hes got flies in his eyes if hes got flies in his eyes?”It made as much sense as anything else, and Yossarian was willing to give Orr the benefit of the doubt because Orr was from the wilderness outside New York City and knew so much more about wildlife that Yossarian

17、did, and because Orr, unlike Yossarians mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, in-law, teacher, spiritual leader, legislator, neighbour and newspaper, had never lied to him about anything crucial before. Yossarian had mulled his newfound knowledge about Appleby over in private for a day or tw

18、o and then decided, as a good deed, to pass the word along to Appleby himself.“Appleby, youre got flies in your eyes,” he whispered helpfully as they passed by each other in the doorway of the parachute tent on the day of the weekly milk run to Parma.“What?” Appleby responded sharply, thrown into co

19、nfusion by the fact that Yossarian had spoken to him at all.“Youve got flies in your eyes,” Yossarian repeated.“Thats probably why you cant see them.”7. What is catch-22 described in the passage?8. Why is the description of catch-22 (paragraph 2) followed by the story of Appleby having flies in his

20、eyes?9. According to Joseph Heller, “The only freedom we really have is the freedom to say no.” Do you agree or disagree with him? Support your opinion with examples from historical or personal experience.10. Is catch-22 relevant to the societies? Support your opinion with examples from historical o

21、r personal experience.翻译（50分）英译汉：Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15分)America is needed to lead. The global trading system has many enemies, but in recent times the man in the White House could be counted as its main champion33. As the driver of the worlds great opening, America has ga

22、ined hugely in terms of power and prestige, but the extraordinary burst of growth that globalization has triggered has also lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty over the past few decades and brought lower prices to consumers everywhere. The global recession threatens to undo some of that, as c

23、ountry after country is tempted to subsidize here and protect there. World trade is likely to slump by 10% in 2009, and a report from the Geneva-based World Trade Alliance claimed this week that, on average, a G20 member has broken the no-protectionism pledge once every three days since it was made.

24、 For Mr. Obama now to take up 34 the no-protection cause at the G20s forthcoming meeting in Pittsburgh would, alas, be laughable. But if America does not set an example, no one else is likely to. 汉译英： Translate the following passage into English (15分)教育的功用就在顺应人类求知、想好、爱美的天性，使一个人在这三方面得到最大限度的调和的发展，以达到完

25、美的生活。教育的目的在启发人性中所固有求知、想好、爱美的本能，使它们尽量伸展。中国儒家的最高的人生理想是“尽性”。他们说：“能尽人之性则能尽物之性，能尽物之性则可以赞天地之化育”。. 翻译理论：（20分）Part One: 名称解释（每小题5分，共10分）（in English only）back-translationdynamic equivalencePart Two :论述题（10分）（in Chinese only）请在以下题中任选一题：试论佛经翻译时期的文质之争及各派代表人物。选择你熟悉的西方翻译理论一派，论述之。选择你熟悉的中国现代（1919-1949）翻译家及其代表译论，论述之

26、。2010年参考答案南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题参考答案学院：100外国语学院考试科目：专业英语专业：英语语言文学注意：请将所有答案写在专用答题纸上，答在此试题上无效！语言学（50分）1. DualityIt means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles

27、 of organization. At the lower level there is a structure of sound, which are meaningless by themselves. But the sounds of language can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning, which are found at the higher level of the system. Then the units at the higher level can be arran

28、ged and rearranged into an infinite number of sentences. 2. assimilationAssimilation refers to a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound.3. diglossia diglossia refers to a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community.4. displac

29、ementHuman languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as displacement.5. RegisterAccording to Halliday, “Language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situat

30、ions.” The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register. 1.m: nasal, consonantal, sonorant, voiced. 2. f: consonantal, continuant, strident, fricative, labiodental 3. h: consonantal, continuant, glottal, fricative 4. e : front, unrounded, middle 5. u : bac

31、k ,rounded, high 1. converse antonymy 2. gradable autonomy 3. hyponymy 4. gradable autonomy1. the two words “peak” and “speak” are pronounced as /pi:k/,/spi:k/ respectively. The phonetic transcription for peak is phi:k and that for speak is spi:k. In this example, p, ph are two different phones and

32、are variants of the phoneme /p/. Such variants of a phoneme are called allophones of the same phoneme. This phenomenon of variation in the pronunciation of phonemes in different positions in called allophony or allophonic variation. 3. Conversational implication refers to a type of implied meaning,

33、which is deduced on the basis of the conversational meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. The speaker B imply he doesnt think the skirt she is wearing is beautiful.英美文学（50分）. Define briefly the following terms. （本题共20分，每小题4分）Walt Whitman and Leaves

34、of GrassWalt Whitman pioneered the use of free verse, which established him as one of the forebears of modern poetry, but his subject matter, often dealing with sexual topics, and his unsparing realism were equally controversial in his day. An admirer of Emerson, he adapted many of the ideas of tran

35、scendentalism in Song of Myself, his first major sequence, and also incorporated many of Emersons calls for poets to use American subjects and patterns of speech. Leaves of Grass, which he revised from 1855 until his death, expanded to include virtually all of his poems, including the graphic poems

36、he wrote while serving as a volunteer in Civil War army hospitals.Old English, middle English and modern EnglishOld English (nglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon HYPERLINK /wiki/Old_English l cite_note-0 1 is an early form of the HYPERLINK /wiki/English_language o English language English langua

37、ge that was spoken and written by the HYPERLINK /wiki/Anglo-Saxons o Anglo-Saxons Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now HYPERLINK /wiki/England o England England and southern and eastern HYPERLINK /wiki/Scotland o Scotland Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the m

38、id-12th century. What survives through writing represents primarily the literary register of Anglo-Saxon.Middle English is the stage in the HYPERLINK /wiki/History_of_the_English_language o History of the English language history of the English language during the HYPERLINK /wiki/High_Middle_Ages o

39、High Middle Ages High and HYPERLINK /wiki/Late_Middle_Ages o Late Middle Ages Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th and the late 15th century. Middle English literature of the 12th and 13th centuries is comparatively rare, as written communication was usually i

40、n HYPERLINK /wiki/Anglo-Norman_language o Anglo-Norman language Anglo-Norman or in HYPERLINK /wiki/Middle_Latin o Middle Latin Middle Latin. Middle English became much more important as a literary language during the 14th century, with poets such as HYPERLINK /wiki/Chaucer o Chaucer Chaucer and HYPE

41、RLINK /wiki/William_Langland o William Langland Langland.Modern English is the form of the HYPERLINK /wiki/English_language o English language English language spoken since the HYPERLINK /wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift o Great Vowel Shift Great Vowel Shift in England, completed in roughly 1550.Despite some

42、differences in vocabulary, texts from the early 17th century, such as the works of HYPERLINK /wiki/William_Shakespeare o William Shakespeare William Shakespeare and the HYPERLINK /wiki/King_James_Bible o King James Bible King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern English, or more specifically,

43、 are referred to as using HYPERLINK /wiki/Early_Modern_English o Early Modern English Early Modern English or HYPERLINK /wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England o Elizabeth I of England Elizabethan English. English was adopted in regions around the world, such as HYPERLINK /wiki/North_America o North America No

44、rth America, HYPERLINK /wiki/India o India India, HYPERLINK /wiki/Africa o Africa Africa, HYPERLINK /wiki/Australia o Australia Australia and HYPERLINK /wiki/New_Zealand o New Zealand New Zealand through HYPERLINK /wiki/Colonisation o Colonisation colonisation by the HYPERLINK /wiki/British_Empire o

45、 British Empire British Empire.Realism1)Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to Modernism; 2).During this period a new generation of writers, dissatisfied with the Romantic ideas in the older generation, came up with a new inspiration. This new attitude was characterized by a

46、 great interest in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the realities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. Instead of thinking about the mysteries of life and death and heroic individualism, peoples attention was now directed to the

47、interesting features of everyday existence, to what was brutal or sordid, and to the open portrayal of class struggle; 3) so writers began to describe the integrity of human characters reacting under various circumstances and picture the pioneers of the far west, the new immigrants and the struggles

48、 of the working class; 4) Mark Twain Howells and Henry James are three leading figures of the American Realism.SonnetIt is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal or recited and characterized by its presentation of a dramatic or exciting episode in simple narrative form.2)it is one of the most conven

49、tional and influential forms of poetry in Europe.3)shakespeares sonnets are well-known.AlliterationAlliteration and assonance are said to rhyme only today when the sound of the final accented syllable of one word( paced usually at the end of a line of verse) agrees with the final accented syllable o

50、f another word so place. Reading and Interpreting.（本题共30分，每小题3分）Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Sir Philip Sidney.What question does the poet speaker ask in lines3-4?The speaker asks if Cupid, the busy archer, can hit his arrows to the moon, relying on the old convention that his

51、 arrows make those struck fall in love.According to lines 5-9, what do the speaker and the moon have in common?Astophil states that the moon must be able to understand his sadness, because he has been looking down at forlorn lovers forever. The speaker projects his emotions on the moon, and compares

52、 the grace of the moon moving through the night sky to the moons sympathy it must have on Astrophil.In your own words, tell what the speaker asks in lines 10-14.Astrophil asks the moon if his personal situation appears any better from the moons view in the sky. He also asks if devotion and adoration

53、 of a woman are viewed as unintelligence and lack of wit on the moon, as it is on Earth. This alludes to the idea that Astrophil was rejected by a woman due to his undying affection towards her. Astrophil asks if women on the moon both desire love, and yet, when it is received, throw it away, as the

54、y do on Earth. This question, along with the previous questions, give the reader an idea into the situation that Astrophil is experiencing himself, as he is not asking the moon the questions out of pure curiosity, but is asking them out of sadness and heartbreak.What does the description of the moon

55、 in lines 1-8 suggest about the speakers emotion when he is in love?He is in troubles and sadness.What do the questions that conclude the poem imply about the object of the speakers love?Astrophil describes the woman in his life as being confident and haughty, and references that the woman is almost

56、 proud that she has the upper hand in the situationWhat is the rhyme scheme of this poem?The rhyme scheme is abba abba cdcd ee. This scheme is neither Shakespearean, Petrachan, or Spenserian, but it has qualities of all three. This sonnet has three quatrains and one couplet.Questions 7 to 10 are bas

57、ed on the following passage from Catch-22 by Joseph Heller.What is catch-22 described in the passage?Catch-22 is a military rule, the self-contradictory HYPERLINK /wiki/Begging_the_question o Begging the question circular logic that, for example, prevents anyone from avoiding combat missions8 Why is

58、 the description of catch-22 (paragraph 2) followed by the story of Applied having flies in his eyes?It is to make an example of the self-contradictory HYPERLINK /wiki/Begging_the_question o Begging the question circular logic. The flies are in your eyes so that you cant see it.9 According to Joseph

59、 Heller, “The only freedom we really have is the freedom to say no.” Do you agree or disagree with him? Support your opinion with examples from historical or personal experience.(express your own ideas accordingly)10 Is catch-22 relevant to the societies? Support your opinion with examples from hist

60、orical or personal experience.(express your own ideas accordingly)翻译（50分）英译汉：Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15分)美国需要领导。全球贸易体系中有许多敌人，但最近在白宫的人可以算是它主要的33名战士。美国作为世界大开放的主要驱动力，已经取得了巨大的权力和威望。但全球化已经引发的惊人的增长已经在过去几十年中让亿万人摆脱了贫困，并给消费者带来了更低的价格无处不在。全球经济衰退的威胁使其撤消了一些，一个接着一个国家想要补贴和保护。世界贸易很可能在2009年暴跌1