专八语言学选择题及答案

1、精品文档 专八语言学试题一Linguistics is the scientific study of .a particular languagethe English languagehuman languages in generalthe system of a particular languageThe consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: .voiceless, bilabial, stopvoiceless, labiodental

2、, fricativevoiced, bilabial, stopvoiced, labiodental, fricativeThere are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n)derivational morphemefree morphemeinflectional morphemefree formIn the phrase structure rule S NP VP, the arrow can be read as .is equal

3、toconsists ofhasgeneratesI bought some roses I bought some flowers.entailspresupposesis inconsistent withis synonymous with6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of .X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?qualityqua

4、ntityrelationmannerChanges in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, , words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost oraltered.A. phrasessentencesmorphemesutterances8. In a speech community people have something in commona language

5、 or aparticular variety of language and rules for using it.精品文档sociallylinguisticallyculturallypragmaticallyWhich of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? .language and speechvisual and spatial skillsreading and writinganalytic reason

6、ingIn general, the stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year.babblingone-wordtwo - wordmultiword答案： 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1. The famous quotation from Shakespeares play“ Romeo andJuliet ”A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates.

7、()the conventional nature of languagethe creative nature of languagethe universality of languagethe big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only is permissible according to the sequentialrules in English.()kiblbkililkbilbk3. The sentenee t

8、hat has a NP and a VP canbe shown in a f_o_r_m_u_l_a_S_ NP VP.()hierarchicallineartree diagramvertical4.It is the on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient shouldstay adjacent to each other.()Case ConditionparameterAdjacent ConditionAdjacent Parameter Predication analy

9、sis is a way to analyze meaning.B. wordC. phrase精品文档精品文档D. sentence According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit thespeaker to some future course of action are called .()commisivesdirectivesexpressivesdeclaratives The term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to

10、the approach which studieslanguage change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicdiachroniccomparativehistorical comparative The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex,social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address

11、 forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, ,and kin term.title+first nametitle+titletitle alonefirst name+last name+title Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circlesoverlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to

12、 each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as .()vocal thoughtsubvocal thoughtcovert thoughtovert thoughtWhcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition? .()Language acquisition is a process of habit formationLanguage acquisition is the spe

13、cies -specific property of human beingsChildren are born with an innate ability to acquire languageHumans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案 1.A2.A3.B4.C5.DA7.B8.C9.D10.A 专八语言学试题三.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually

14、use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _.prescriptivesociolinguisticdescriptivepsycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.mouth精品文档精品文档lipstonguevocal cordsThe morpheme vision in the common word elevision is a(n) _.bound morph

15、emebound forminflectional morphemefree morphemeA _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.coordinatorparticleprepositionsubordinatorCan I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike.is synonymous withis inconsistent withentailspresupposesThe branch of ling

16、uistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _semanticspragmaticssociolinguisticspsycholinguisticsGrammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization.elaborationsimplificationexternal borrowinginternal borrow

17、ing_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.Lingua francaCreolePidginStandard languagePsychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical ar

18、ticulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ .Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrusBrocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortexBrocas area, Wernickes area and neurons 精品文档精品文档Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners areaAccording to Krashen, _

19、 refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.learningcompetenceperformanceacquisition 答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words“ lend ” and “ borrow ” are _.()gradable opposites

20、relational oppositesco-hyponymssynonymsThe discovery of Indo -European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()Jacob GrimmRasmus RaskFranz BoppSir William JonesA linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.()unusualsomething to be fearedabnormalnatural_produce

21、 fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()Brocas aphasicThe linguistic deprivationThe damage on the angular gyrusWernickes aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English i

22、n China tend to say“ night ” as “ light ” .This shows:.()They cannot pronounce/n/Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueThe teachers do not have a good teaching methodThey do not like to pronounce nasal soundsA word with several meanings is called _worD.()a p

23、olysemousa synonymousan abnormala multipleThe function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it? ” is _.() 精品文档精品文档A. informativephaticC. directiveD. performativeThe most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.()usagegrammarpronunciationstructure_de

24、als with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()Linguistic geographyLexicologyLexicographySociolinguisticsThe semantic components of the word “ gentleman ” can be expressed as _.()+animate,+male,+human, -adult+animate,+male,+human,+adult+animate, -male,+human, -adult+animate

25、, -male,+human,+adult答案 1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B 专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called.dualityproductivitydis

26、placementarbitraryKey: B2 The function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere ormaintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.phaticdirectiveevocativeperformativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the meaning of a language u

27、se consists of what iscommunicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.affectiveassociativestylisticcollocative精品文档精品文档Key: A4 When -ing in gangling is removed to get a verb gangle, we call this way of creating wordsA. suffixationback -formationblendingacronymyKey: B5refers to the pr

28、ocess by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions ofimportance.DegradationSpecializationElevationExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called .idio

29、lectregional dialecttemporal dialectsocial dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as .intonationtonephonemesentence stressKey: A8refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent

30、sounD.Addition of soundLoss of soundMetathesisAssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the fa_mily.Indo -EuropeanSino -TibetanHamito -SemiticMalayo -PolynesianKey: B10A is the minimal contra

31、stive unit in the writing system of a language.精品文档精品文档phonemegraphemeletterKey: C11 All mono -morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly -morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called .hyponymscompoundsblendsallomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the form

32、s of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called .concordgovernmentrecursivenesscohesionKey: AThe formation of new words by combining parts

33、of two words or a word plus a part of another is called .blendingclippingacronymycompoundingKey: AThe distinction of linguistic potential and actual linguistic behavior is proposed byN. ChomskyF. de SaussureM. A. HallidayJ. AustinKey: CThe word meaning given in the dictionary is called meaning.denot

34、ativeconnotativecollectivestylisticKey: AWhen we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship -continually categorized as._tenor of discoursemode of discourse C. field of discourse 精品文档 精品文档D. idiolectKey: AAccording to word

35、s structures, Turkish is a typical language.isolatingfusionalanalyticagglutinativeKey: Drefer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type ofutterance.Minimal pairsIllocutionary actsSocial dialectsAdjacency pairsKey: DThe relation between dead and alive is labeled a

36、s .gradabilitycomplementarityhyponymyhomonymyKey: BThe words encore and au pair are loanwords from .FrenchGermanItalianSpanishKey: AThe distinction of langue and parole is proposed by .a. N. ChomskyF. de SaussureM. A. HallidayJ. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of

37、 arbitrariness of language a. native English words B. borrowed words C. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone sa. voicelessoralalveolarlateral 精品文档精品文档Key: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants f, v are.a. de

38、ntalalveolarpalatallabiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds p, b, t, d, k, g are a. affricatesfricativesbilabialoral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeAllophones of the same pho

39、neme are in complementary distribution.Allophones distinguish meaning.Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ablepetchangedustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2345Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up

40、of bound morphemes onlya. happinesstelevisionecologyteacherKey: cLanguage is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called . _a. interchangeabilityproductivitycultural transmissionarbitrariness精品文档精品文档Key: c31 The famo

41、us quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates .the conventional nature of languagethe creative nature of languagethe universality of languagethe big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the followi

42、ng sound combinations, only is permissible according to the sequentialrules in English.kiblbkililkbilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a formula S NP VP.hierarchicallineartree diagramverticalKey: B34 It is the on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Cas

43、e recipient should stayadjacent to each other.Case ConditionCase ParameterAdjacent ConditionAdjacent ParameterKey: CPredication analysis is a way to analyze meaning.phonemewordphrasesentenceKey: DAccording to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course

44、 of action are called .commisivesdirectivesexpressivesdeclarativesKey: AThe term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach whichstudies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic精品文档精品文档diachroniccomparativehistorical comparativ

45、eKey: BThe way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, and kin term.title+first nametitle+titletitle alonefirst name+last name+titleKey:

46、 CLanguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as .vocal thoughtsubvocal thoughtcovert thoughtovert thoughtKey: DWhcih of the fo

47、llowing best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionLanguage acquisition is a process of habit formation.Language acquisition is the species -specific property of human beings.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequis

48、ites for language and language use. Key: AThe words kowtow andea are loanwords from .ChineseGermanItalianSpanishKey: AThe term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach whichstudies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.synchronicdiachro

49、niccomparativehistorical comparativeKey: BThe formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called .blendingclippingacronymy 精品文档精品文档compoundingKey: AAccording to words structures, Latin is a typical language.isolatingfusionalanalyticagglutinativeKey: BTh

50、e relation between animal and lamb is labeled as ._gradabilitycomplementarityhyponymyhomonymyKey: COne of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called .dualityproductivitydisplacementarbitrarinessKey: DThe function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.phaticdirectiveevocativeperformativeKey: AThe meaning of a word cons