浙江省杭州高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

1、浙江省杭州高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题学校班级姓名学号、短对话1.WhydidthewomangotoMallorca?CToseeafriend.AToteachSpanish.BTolookforajob.2.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?ATakehimtoBGotoaclasswithCSubmitareportforhospital.him.him.3.Whowilllookafterthechildren?AJennifer.BSuzy.CMarie.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?ADriveho

2、me.BGoshopping.CEatout.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?AHowtofryfish.BHowtomakecoffee.CHowtoremoveabadsmell.二、长对话听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】WhendoesGomezwatchafootballgameonTV?AWhenhefailstogetaticket.BWhenthestadiumiscrowded.CWhenhisfriendsaretoobusy.【小题2】HowmuchdidGomezpayforthefootballgamelasttime?A$20

3、.B$25.C$50.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】WhatdidAlexdointheafternoon?AHehadawalk.BHewenthunting.CHeplantedtrees.【小题2】WhatdidAlexbringback?AFlowers.BLeaves.CBooks.【小题3】WhatwasBobdoingwhenAlexsawhim?CSwimming.AFishing.BTakingpictures.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】WhatdidDaviddoonhismostrecentholiday?AHehadaboatBHetoo

4、kaballoonCHeclimbedatrip.flight.mountain.【小题2】WhatisonDavidslist?AGiftsheneededtoBThingshewishedtoCDateshehadtobuy.do.remember.【小题3】WheredoesthewomansuggestDavidgoforhisnextholiday?AAustralia.BCalifornia.CTheAmazon.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】WhydidSarahmakethephonecall?AToaskafavor.BTopassonamessage.CTom

5、akeanappointment.【小题2】WhereisSarahnow?AInBrighton.BAtherhome.CAttheSheltonHotel.【小题3】WhattimeisMichaelleavinghisplacetomorrowmorning?AAt7:40.BAt8:00.CAt8:20.【小题4】WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenJohnandSarah?ANeighbors.BFellowworkers.CHusbandandwife.三、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【小题1】Whatdomostpeoplethinkis

6、veryimportantinspokencommunication?APronunciation.BVocabulary.CGrammar.【小题2】Whyshouldyoulistentoexpertsaccordingtothespeaker?ATodevelopyourreadingfluency.BToimproveyournote-takingskills.CTofindoutyourmispronunciations.【小题3】Whatisthespeakerslastsuggestion?ASpelloutthedifficultwords.BCheckthewordsinad

7、ictionary.CPracticereadingthewordsaloud.四、阅读理解Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,youlloftengettostayinacentrallocation（位置）withsecurityandcomfort.YellowHostelIfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretos

8、tayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.Itsoneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.Itsaffordable,anditsgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,itsclosetothemaintrainstation.HostelAlessandroPalaceIfyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staff

9、membersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.Theresalsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.YouthStationHostelIfyourelookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.Itoffersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbene

10、fits,too;itdoesntchargecitytax;ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.HotelandHostelDesArtistesHotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationanditsclosetoallofthecitysmainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamap

11、ofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.themajorconcernoftravelerswhochooseBSecurity.DLocation.suitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesocial【小题1】Whatisprobablytostayinahostel?AComfort.CPrice.【小题2】Whichhotelbestlife?AYellowHostel.CYouthStationHostel.BHostel

12、AlessandroPalace.DHotelandHostelDesArtistes.【小题3】WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?AItgetsnoisyatnight.BItsstaffistootalkative.CItchargesforWi-Fi.DItsinconvenientlylocated.Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhisspareonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopovanotasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“Imno

13、tatrainedmusician,butIvelearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroupsofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesnthavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebeca

14、mejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudontturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequir

15、eupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftw

16、indfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“Hesinterestedinthemusi

17、c,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:Turn,turn!“RobertisthebestpageturnerIvehadinmyentirelife.”【小题1】WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?AReadmusic.BPlaythepiano.instruments.describesTittertonsjobonCSingsongs.DFixthe【小题2】Whichofthefollowingbeststage?BWell-paid.Dangerous.ABoring.CDemanding.DBReco

18、gnizingthe“nodding”.DPerforminginhisownstyle.husband“theworsepageturner”?BHeignorestheaudience.DHeforgetstodohisjob.【小题3】WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?ACountingthepages.CCatchingfallingobjects.【小题4】WhyisMsRaspopovasAHehasverypooreyesight.CHehasnointerestinmusic.“NON-FUNGIBLETOKENS”(NFTs)leaptfromt

19、hemoreobscurecornersoftheinternetintothemainstreaminMarch2021whenChristies,aBritishauctionhouse,soldadigitalworkofartfor$69m.WhatitactuallyfloggedwasanNFT,acryptocurrencychitthatprovesabuyerownsanintangiblemarkerconnectedtoauniquepieceofdigitalart,musicorotheritem.MuchlikeReneMagrittespaintingofapip

20、ethatproclaims“thisisnotapipe”anNFTisnotthethingitrepresents.Tweets,videosofbasketballdunksandeventhesourcecodetotheworldwidewebhavebeensoldasNFTsinrecentmonths.FromJunetoSeptembertheygeneratedalmost$11bninsales,aneight-foldincreaseonthepreviousfourmonths,accordingtoDappRadar,amarkettracker.Whatexac

21、tlyisanNFT?Andwhyarepeoplespendingtensofmillionsofdollarsonthem?AnNFTisarecordonacryptocurrencysblockchain（animmutableledger（不可篡改的账本）thatcanrecordmorethanjustvirtualcoins）thatrepresentspiecesofdigitalmedia.Inventedafewyearsago,itcanlinknotonlytoartbutalsototext,videosorbitsofcode.PromotersofNFTsclai

22、mthattheysolveathorny（棘手的）problemwithdigitalart:howtoownanoriginal.Forcreatorswhofreelyuploadtheirworkorsellitasidenticalcopies,theconceptofanoriginalisdifficulttopindown（确定）.Exclusivityisimpossibletoenforcewhendigitalfilescanbesharedfreelyontheinternet.Butcollectorswantthecachetthatcomeswithhavinga

23、nexclusiveclaimonanartwork.ThisiswhereNFTsfitin.Tomint（铸币，造币）anNFT,thecreatorestablishesauniquerecordoftheartwork,generallyonawebsite.Thenthecreatorplacestherecordonablockchain,usuallyEthereums,whichrequiresatransactionfeeknownasgas.Possessionofaprivateencryptionkeyassociatedwiththetransactionproves

24、ownership.Thisgivesanartistorcollectorsomethingtosell.AnNFTmaylinktoaversionofthework,butrarelyincludestherightstoreproduceordistributeit.Thatdifferentiatesitfromacommerciallicensingarrangement,too.NFTshavemyriad（众多的）problems.Theyoftenchangehandsusingcryptocurrencies,manyofwhichcurrentlyhavesky-high

25、valuations,leadingtofearsofabubble.AnyonecanmintanNFT,sincethesystemsinvolvedaredecentralised（去中心化的），althoughdoingsowithsomeoneelsesworkcouldbeinfringetheircopyright.Someartistshavealreadyclaimedmisappropriationoftheirwork.MostNFTsaresimplylinkstoimages.Unlesstheyhavebeenissuedinacertainwaytoensuret

26、heyaretamper-proof（防更改的）thesecanintheorybemeddledwithafterthesale.ThehighelectricityusageofblockchainsBitcoinsisgreaterthanthatofChilehaspromptedargumentsoverwhetherartistsarecontributingtoclimatechangebyembracingNFTs.Andownershipmaybedifficulttoproveinthelongterm，asweb-basedrecordsmaynotlastforever

27、.YetNFTshavesomevaluebeyondthecryptocurrencyhype（加密货币炒作）:artistsstruggletomakealivingwhentheirworkscanbeeasilyreplicatedandpirated.NFTswillcreatenewproblemsinanattempttosolveoldones，butfornowmanycreatorsandcollectorsaretoobusycashingintocare.【小题1】Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?AWhatisthecorecon

28、ceptofBWhereNFTscanfitin.NFTs.DWhatsthedisadvantagesofCHowtomakeNFTs.NFTs.【小题2】Accordingtothepassage,oneofNFTsshortagesisthatAItseldomchangehandsusingcryptocurrencies.BThesystemsinvolvedarecentralized.CThehighelectricityusageofblockchainspossiblycontributetoclimatechangebyembracingNFTs.DItisarecordo

29、nacryptocurrencysblockchain.【小题3】Whichofthefollowingrhetoricaldevicesisntusedinwritingparagraph1?AQuote.BAnalogy.CComparison.DPersonification【小题4】Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AWhatisanNFT?BHowtomakeNFTs?CNFTshavesomevaluebeyondthecryptocurrencyhype.DNFTshavemyriadproblems.Computers

30、aregettingbetteratwritingtheirowncodebutsoftwareengineersmaynotneedtoworryaboutlosingtheirjobsjustyet.DeepMind,aU.K.artificialintelligencelabacquiredbyGooglein2014,announcedWednesdaythatithascreatedapieceofsoftwarecalledAlphaCodethatcancodejustaswellasanaveragehumanprogrammer.TheLondon-headquartered

31、firmtestedAlphaCodesabilitiesinacodingcompetitiononCodeforcesaplatformthatallowshumancoderstocompeteagainstoneanother.“AlphaCodeplacedataboutthelevelofthemediancompetitor,markingthefirsttimeanAIcodegenerationsystemhasreachedacompetitivelevelofperformanceinprogrammingcompetitions,”theDeepMindteambehi

32、ndthetoolsaidinablogpost.ButcomputerscientistDzmitryBahdanauwroteonTwitterthathuman-levelcodingis“stilllightyearsaway.”“Thesystemranksbehind54.3%participants,”hesaid,addingthatmanyoftheparticipantsarehighschoolorcollegestudentswhoarejustlearningtheirproblem-solvingskills.Bahdanausaidmostpeoplereadin

33、ghistweetcould“easilytraintooutperformAlphaCode.”Researchershavebeentryingtoteachcomputerstowritecodefordecadesbuttheconcepthasyettogomainstream,partlybecausetheAItoolsthataremeanttowritenewcodehavenotbeenversatileenough.AnAIresearchscientist,whopreferredtoremainanonymousastheywerenotauthorizedtotal

34、kpubliclyonthesubject,toldCNBCthatAlphaCodeisanimpressivetechnicalachievement,butacarefulanalysisisrequiredofthesortofcodingtasksitdoeswellon,versustheonesitdoesnt.ThescientistsaidtheybelieveAIcodingtoolslikeAlphaCodewilllikelychangethenatureofsoftwareengineeringrolessomewhatastheymature,butthecompl

35、exityofhumanrolesmeansmachineswontbeabletodothejobsintheirentiretyforsometime.“Youshouldthinkofitassomethingthatcouldbeanassistanttoaprogrammerinthewaythatacalculatormightoncehavehelpedanaccountant,”GaryMarcus,anAIprofessoratNewYorkUniversity,toldCNBC.“Itsnotone-stopshoppingthatwouldreplaceanactualh

36、umanprogrammer.Wearedecadesawayfromthat.”DeepMindisfarfromtheonlytechcompanydevelopingAItoolsthatcanwritetheirowncode.LastJune,MicrosoftannouncedanAIsystemthatcanrecommendcodeforsoftwaredeveloperstouseastheywork.Thesystem,calledGitHubCopilot,drawsonsourcecodeuploadedtocode-sharingserviceGitHub,which

37、Microsoftacquiredin2018,aswellasotherwebsites.MicrosoftandGitHubdevelopeditwithhelpfromOpenAI,anAIresearchstart-upthatMicrosoftbackedin2019.TheGitHubCopilotreliesonalargevolumeofcodeinmanyprogramminglanguagesandvastAzurecloudcomputingpower.NatFriedman,CEOofGitHub,describesGitHubCopilotasavirtualvers

38、ionofwhatsoftwarecreatorscallapairprogrammerthatswhentwodevelopersworkside-by-sidecollaborativelyonthesameproject.Thetoollooksatexistingcodeandcommentsinthecurrentfile,anditoffersuponeormorelinestoadd.Asprogrammersacceptorrejectsuggestions,themodellearnsandbecomesmoresophisticatedovertime.Thesoftwar

39、emakescodingfaster,FriedmantoldCNBC.HundredsofdevelopersatGitHubhavebeenusingtheCopilotfeaturealldaywhilecoding,andthemajorityofthemareacceptingsuggestionsandnotturningthefeatureoff,Friedmansaid.InaseparateresearchpaperpublishedonFriday,DeepMindsaidithadtesteditssoftwareagainstOpenAIstechnologyandit

40、hadperformedsimilarly.SamimWiniger,anAIresearcherinBerlin,toldCNBCthateverygoodcomputerprogrammerknowsthatitisessentiallyimpossibletocreate“perfectcode.”“Allprogramsareflawedandwilleventuallyfailinunforeseeableways,duetohacks,bugsorcomplexity,”hesaid.“Hence,computerprogramminginmostcriticalcontextsi

41、sfundamentallyaboutbuildingfailsafesystemsthatareaccountable.”In1979,IBMsaid“computerscanneverbeheldaccountable”and“thereforeacomputermustnevermakeamanagementdecision.”WinigersaidthequestionoftheaccountabilityofcodehasbeenlargelyignoreddespitethehypearoundAIcodersoutperforminghumans.“Dowereallywanth

42、yper-complex,intransparent,non-introspectable,autonomoussystemsthatareessentiallyincomprehensibletomostanduncountabletoalltorunourcriticalinfrastructure?”heasked,pointingtothefinancesystem,foodsupplychain,nuclearpowerplantsandweaponssystems.【小题1】WhatdowelearnaboutAlphaCode?AaU.K.artificialintelligen

43、celabacquiredbyGitHubcreatedit.BAlphaCodewilllikelychangethenatureofsoftwareengineeringrolessomewhatnow.CItsaone-stopshoppingthatwouldreplaceanactualhumanprogrammer.DItsapieceofsoftwarethatcancodejustaswellasaplainhumanprogrammer.【小题2】WhatisthemainpointofIBMsviewin1979accordingtothispassage?ATheques

44、tionoftheaccountabilityofcodeshouldbelargelyignored.BAcomputermustnevermakeamanagementdecisionbecausetheycanneverbeheldaccountable.CWewouldletsystemsthatareessentiallyincomprehensibletomosttorunourcriticalinfrastructure.DAllprogramsareflawedandwilleventuallyfailinunforeseeableways.【小题3】Accordingtoth

45、epassage,GitHubCopilotcouldntBlookatexistingcodeintheAacceptorrejectsuggestionscurrentfileCofferuponeormorelinesDmakecodingfastertoadd【小题4】Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AEngineersmayneedtoworryaboutlosingtheirjobs.BMachinesaregettingbetteratwritingtheirowncodebuthumanlevelislightyea

46、rsaway.CAlphaCodeisanimpressivetechnicalachievement.DMicrosoftannouncedanAIsystemthatcanrecommendcodeforsoftwaredevelopers.五、七选五MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.【小题l】Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinth

47、ehallway.Theplacewasntentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing（水管）worked.【小题2】Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,anditsashameIdonthavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.The

48、yneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.【小题3】Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.【小题4】OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandf

49、ulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.Youcantellthisbycafeslife.Frenchcafesarealwayscrowded.【小题5】Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriou

50、slysoseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.ANotallthecustomersaretourists.BThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.CTherewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.DTheamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.ETha

51、tsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.FOuraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.GThefoodissodeliciousthatyoudontneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.六、完形填空Thoughpeoplehavediscussedtherelationshipbetweenscienceandnatureformanyyears,thereisnoconsensual（统一的）explanation.Whilesomeviewscienceasa

52、powerfultoolinnaturessourceofpower,othersviewitasadanger.OneexampleisBarryCommonersarticle,Unraveling（解开）theDNAMyth,whichexplainstherecentdevelopmentsinDNAtechnologyandexpresses.AnotherexampleisNathanielHawthornesshortstory,TheBirthmark.Itisataleaboutafamousscientist,Aylmer,whoseemstobeunravelingnat

53、uresdeepestsecretsonebyone.Despiteallofhisandvastunderstandingofscience,Aylmerisunabletodirectthatknowledgeintofreefromnaturesgrasp.Hewasunabletoridhiswifeofherbirthmarkand,intheend,killedher.Despitethedifferentpresentationsoftheconcepts,thoughtimeseparatedthetwomen,bothpiecesexpressasimilarviewonth

54、erelationshipbetweenscienceandnature.Bothpiecessuggestthatnatureisandholdswonders,secrets,andpowersthatmanyscientistsconstantlydreamaboutdiscovering.Althoughthereisagapofonehundredandsixtyyears,CommonerstillsharesandgivesevidencetoHawthornesbeliefsthatthereisauniqueinnaturethatcannotbediscoveredorun

55、derstoodthroughscienceandthatthetouncovernaturessecretsareandcanleadtodisaster.AccordingtoCommoner,naturesuniversalpowercontinuestopreventandcontroltheirdiscoveries.Commonercriticizesanddoubtonthetruepowerofscience.AsCommonersarticlesuggests,natureonlyallowssciencetohavelimitedpowerandsuccess.Bothme

56、nbelievethatcompletetrustinscienceis,howeverwonderfulandgroundbreakingsomescientificdiscoveriesare.Commonerbelievesthatpeopleonlyseemtofocusonthefewachievements,whileavoidingandignoringallofthelaws.Forexample,“mostclonesexhibitdevelopmentalfailurebeforeorsoonafterbirth”.Bystressingalloftheandshortco

57、mingsofscience,heconveysthenotionthatnaturessecretsarewellkeptandfarfrombeingunderstoodandbyman.Thegovernmentandprivatecompanieshaveinvestedbillionsofdollarsinmappingthehumangenome,butwestillhavenoforit.Suchadiscoveryisuseless,howeverinterestingitmightbe.Commonersarticleclearlyrepresentsscienceaswea

58、kanduseless,butmoreimportantly,dangerous.Itgivesevidencetosupportthesuggesteddangerswithsciencesattemptstodiscovernaturespower.Iftheresultisnotdangerous,itcanstillhaveharmfulsideeffects.小题1】AbuildingBdefiningCshowingDuncovering【小题2】AconcernsBviewsCfindingsDachievements【小题3】AinterestsBambitionsCdisco

59、veriesDthoughts【小题4】ApreventingBearningCdestroyingDbreaking【小题5】AmysteriousBpowerfulCfantasticDspecial【小题6】AprosperityBperfectionCimprovementDintegrity【小题7】AbeliefsBexperiencesCactionsDattempts【小题8】AdisappointingBmeaningfulCuselessDsignificant【小题9】AthrowsBexpressesCholdsDcasts【小题10】AimproperBunbelie

60、vableCdangerousDunwise【小题11】AreformsBfailuresCexperimentsDchanges【小题12】Acontrolled【小题13】Aquestion【小题14】BdigestedBdoubtAprovidedBsupplied【小题15】AdirectlyBespeciallyCsharedChopeCassociatedCdefinitelyDappliedDuseDcomparedDnecessarily七、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstom