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1、 2011年阅读真题讲解Passage One生词释义1. Goldman Sachs board: 高盛公司的董事会2. outside director: 外部董事3. to manage: (成功地)设法做到 与fail to do 正好相反 # manage to do sth: 设法做到sth # manage sth: 设法(做到) sth * How do you manage to stay so slim? 你是如何做到保持这么苗条的?* We somehow managed to persuade him。 我们设法说动了他。* Tom managed two goals
2、in the last ten minutes. Tom在最后十分钟之内设法进了两个球。* I dont know how Ill manage it, but Ill be there. 我不知道如何应对, 但是我会到达那里的。 * to manage two roles: 设法应对好两个角色criticism: (名词)批评 to criticize: (动词)be under fire for sth : 因为sth受到谴责= be criticized for to sit on/in: 在( 机构中) 担任成员* He was the first journalist to sit
3、in parliament. 他是第一个在国会中任职的记者。 * to sit on the committee: 在委员会中任职compensation: (名词) 1) 补偿 2)(文中含义) 薪酬committee: 委员会bonus: 奖金payout: 付出的巨款to remark: 说, 评论 *This house must be very old, he remarked.# remark that *Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.安德森离开桌子, 说他有些事情要做。#remark
4、on/upon 评论*He remarked on the difference in security measures at the two airports.他对两个机场的安检措施的差异做了评论* let sth pass unremarked: (文中短语) 对sth不做评论, 就任它了事了Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest o
5、f the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left t
6、he board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Ruth Simmons于2000年1月加入高盛公司董事会, 成为一名外部董事。 一年后, 她成为布朗大学的校长。 此后近十年时间里, 她很明显扮演着两个角色, 但并未引起多少责难。 但是在2009年年底, Simmons 女士却由于担任高盛公司薪酬委员会委员, 而收到抨击; 她怎可能让巨额奖金得以发放而不加以评论呢? 到第二年的2月份, Simmons便离开了高盛公司董事会。 她说, 该职位占用了她太多的时间。 be supposed to do sth: 应
7、该做sth= be meant to do * Were supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 oclock. 我们应该在11点之前结账离开酒店。 * Im not supposed to tell anyone. 我不应该告诉任何人。 * What time are you supposed to be there? 你应该什么时候到达那里? to serve as (a position): 担任(某个职位) * to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers 担任有益的、又相对公正的顾问to mak
8、e ones wealth and reputation: 创造财富和树立名声presumably: 很可能, 大概 to presume: 假定proposal: ( 动词) 提议to weather: (动词) 1). (安全地)度过困境* The company weathered the storm of objections to the scheme. 公司安全度过了反对该计划的风波。* Northern Ireland weathered the recession better than any other region in the UK. 和英国其他地区相比, 北爱尔兰更好
9、地度过了经济衰退。 2) (由于风吹日晒)变了颜色* Her face was weathered by the sun. 她的脸由于日晒而变了颜色。Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief exe
10、cutives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. 外部董事在企业董事会中应扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色。由于他们在别处已创造了自己的财富和声誉, 所以他们很可能有足够的独立性否定总裁的建议。 如果公司经营状况不佳, 股价下跌, 外部董事应该根据自己以往应对危机的经验提出建议。 a database: 数据库to cover: 1) (文
11、中含义)包含, 囊括重点词汇 * a course covering business law一门包含商业法律的课程 * Exercise is a word which covers a vast range of activities. 练习是一个包括很大范围活动的一个词。 e 2) 跑过(的距离)/ (具体数量) * They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday. 昨天他们希望跑40英里。 * A leopard can cover a lot of ground very quickly。 猎豹能快速跑很多路。 probability:= l
12、ikelihood: 可能性subsequent: (形容词) 随后的*subsequent pages of the book这本书随后的页码# subsequent to something 紧接着sth; sth 之后= immediately after * Events happened subsequent to the accident. 事故之后的发生的事件 to restate: 重申lawsuit: 诉讼案* His lawyer filed a lawsuit against the city. 他的律师起诉这个城市。to suggest: 暗示suggestive: 暗
13、示性的, 让人揣测的* Are you suggesting my husbands been drinking? 你在暗示我老公一直在喝酒?* A correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive. 外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测。 to jump off a sinking ship: 本义是“从一艘慢慢沉下去的船上跳离” 比喻为“ 离开充满是非的公司”to trade up: (交易中)得到更好的东西*It also encoura
14、ges existing home owners to trade up to larger accommodation。 它鼓励了现在的房子拥有者置换更大的居所。 The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy s
15、tatement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings inc
16、reased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it do
17、es not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. 俄亥俄大学的研究者们建立了一个数据库, 该数据库囊括了1989年至2004年的10,000多家公司和64,000多位不同的董事。 后来, 他们又专门核查了哪些外部董事连任了两届。 离开董事会最可能的原因是年龄, 所以研究者们关注的焦点是那些不到70岁却和“离奇”消失的外部董事们。
18、他们发现在外部董事意外离开后, 公司不得不立即重申盈利状况的可能性上升了近20%。 在联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中被涉及的可能性也会增加, 并且公司在股市的表现也可能会更糟。 尽管外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测, 但这并不意味着外部董事们总是在公司危难之时离开。 他们常常“人往高处走”,离开风险更高的小公司, 转而投身到规模更大更为稳定的大企业。 a blot to sth: 对sth的一个打击a review of history: 历史的回顾wrongdoing: (n) 不轨之事to occur: 发生 ( occurred, occurred) occur
19、rence: (名词)发生的事incentive: (名词) 激励 # create/provide/give somebody an incentive 给sb 提供奖励*Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills.奖品激励年轻人提高他们的技艺。to follow the example of sb: 以sb为模范; 步sb 的后尘But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a
20、blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will foll
21、ow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus. 但是研究人员相信,假如回顾历史, 当人们发现公司发生不轨行为时, 外部董事并未溜之大吉。 如果在坏消息传出前就离开公司, 他们会更轻易地避免声誉受损。 那些想在艰难时期挽留住外部董事的公司一定要采取激励措施。 否则外部董事们就会步Simmons女士的后尘(离职去大学), 再一次在校园受到欢迎。 文章结构: 本文主要讲述的是外部董事的职责及作者对其的评价。 第一段: 通过Ruth Simmons 离职这一例子导出话题。第二段: 外部董事在公司应扮演的角色和起到的作用
22、。第三段: 通过讲述研究人员们的研究发现, 着重分析了外部董事离职的原因和带来的影响。第四段: 对独立董事的离职做出自己的评价, 并就如何挽留他们提出了自己的建议。 试题分析第一步做什么? 浏览众题目, 了解文意, (尤关注主旨题) (21题) According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for _.我们抓住的实体信息是什么? 谁?Ms. Simmons受到批评,你看到专有名词,第一题就出现专有名词, 就出现人的名字, 那我们就应该想到文章对应的第一段显然是通过这个例子, 导出一个话题这是文章的微观信息, 而非文章的宏观信息, 整篇
23、文章的宏观信息尚未出现。 (22题). We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .这道题有没有出现实体信息?不仅告诉你了独立董事,还告诉你独立董事所肩负的职责,对吧?那好,我们就想到刚才做第一道题所做的铺垫,如果出现类似的模式。第一段举一个具体人的例子,Ms. Simmons为例子,因此这篇文章很可能讲解的主题就是“独立董事的职责是什么?”,Ms. Simmons有可能就是独立董事(23). According to the researchers from Ohio University afte
24、r an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to _.拿出笔,括到“逗号”处,是不是又出现了和第二道题相通的地方,“独立董事”。第二部分讲的是独立董事的职责,第三部分又讲到了“独立董事意外离开之后,公司会出现什么样的状态。”(24). It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors _.又再次出现了独立董事。(25) The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors
25、is _从这五道题来看,千丝万缕都是和外部董事有关系。不是科普类,显然是一篇经济类,有关外部董事的文章。细读首题,做件事:锁定题型。 ( 题目类型, 也就是想到对应的思路)锁定信号词( 有什么样的措辞可以帮你回文的时候锁定关键词)分析选项前面两项针对的是什么? 题干。最后一项针对的是什么?选项第一件事: 锁定题型:(21)题, 用彩笔, 关键词“for” , 表示什么逻辑关系? 因果关系。 前果后因原因分析题, 什么题?用笔标注, ”细节题之原因分析”, 第一件事情做完了。 第二件事: “锁定信号词”, 拿出笔, 用彩笔在Ms. Simmon下面打个三角。 人的名字, 地理名称, 机构名称都是
26、专有名词, 都是第一个字母大写的名词。 用彩笔在criticized 下面打个三角, 显然, 这是第二个信号词, 第三件事: 分析选项, 应该在回文定位之前分析选项, 这个程序一定不要错。 Againing excessive profits。 gaining赚取、获得, excessive过度的, 过多的; profits表示利润。 攫取的过度的利益。 Bfailing to fulfill her duty没能旅行自己的职责Crefusing to make compromises。 拒绝做出妥协Dleaving the board in tough times 在艰难时期离开董事会3.
27、回文定位, 比对出处, 锁定题眼刚才锁定几个信号词? 2个。 把第一个、第二地方比对出处, 锁定题眼。 第一个信号词Ms Simons, 我们到了第一行, 还要结合第二个词criticize, 锁定词, 第三行“ but” 是个强逻词,But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February
28、the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. 在under fire下面打个信号词, 处于开火的状态, 就是处于被攻击的状态, 处于被批评的状态, 我们的命题老师为了增加题目的难度值,往往会进行一些近义词的改写工作。under fire=criticized. 找到了对应词,接下来的for, 让人激动不已, 21题目是细节题中的原因分析题, 对应的思路是什么?回文定位的下上文( 如果上文没有, 就采用下文)for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; sit on“在.的单位, 担任的角色”G
29、oodman: 高盛, sat on 后面的核心词, committee, compensation: (1) 补偿金。 (2) 2000年MBA 考试中出现过的表示“薪酬”,“for”后面没有找到原因, 只能继续往下找, 看到分号, 有可能就是真正的原因, 拿出彩笔, 在分号这里画一条竖线,竖线之后,how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? 这个句子, 抓大放下, 你完全可以不懂意思。 谁是大? How could she? “ 她怎能够?” 是一种批判, 担任这个职位做了不该做的事情。 选2B,
30、 用彩笔指向sat on how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? Payout: 支付的款项。 “她怎么能够让那些巨额的奖金发出去, 而不加以评论呢?”第二题目, 是什么题目? be 告诉我们空格处填一个名词。 信号词? 看第二段, be supposed to be? Agenerous investors Bunbiased executives 公正的管理者Cshare price forecasters股票价格预测者Dindependent advisers 独立顾问这四个选项要擒贼先擒王
31、, 把四个选项的关键词标出来, “外部董事“属不属于公司管理者? 显然不属于。美国是几权分立? 三权分立:行政, 立法, 司法。我们家考的都是工商管理硕士之类的,对经济都是比较熟悉的。 2B是干扰项, 通过这个选项, 你可以深切地体会出来, 我们的命题者, 他不是管理者, 是英语老师, 所以他不会想到这样的设置对我们没有任何干扰度而言, 拿出笔, 题干当中的executives, 它们显然是矛盾的3C share price forecasters“股票价格预测者”显然是不符合的, 现在剩下A, D, 二选一, 回到文章进行精确定位。 带着信号词, “para 2” 和 “supposed t
32、o be” 看第二段第一句:Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. 用彩笔在outside directors, 和 supposed to 打记号。 什么单词出现了变化呢? 当你看到一个词组中看到一个不认识的词组是很正常的, 但是词组是由小词构成, serve as, 抓最后一个小词, as 最常见的意思是“作为”, serve as 作为,Outside directors are supposed to serve as 外部董事应该作为
33、、 担任, as 后面的核心词是?adviser。 考试时不认识的时候也不要紧。 helpful“ 有益的,”22题目是“细节题”难度小了。 这样的题目的难度是一级, 是送分的。 你只要精确定位。 2分就是送给你的。 21题阅读范围更大一些。23 题 According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to空格处, 出现了 . 肯定是细节题。 这个难度肯定会大。 这种一级难度题在一套题目中只有一个。 23 题肯定和2
34、1题持平。 用彩笔标注researcher, Ohio University, departure( 离职, 三个关键词。Abecome more stable 积极信息, 任何一个人的意外离职, 肯定是消极的, 你得学会利用信息。 Breport increased earnings 报告/公布收入的增加 Cdo less well in the stock market 在股市更糟Dperform worse in lawsuits 在法律诉讼中更糟带着四个信号词, 回文定位第三段第五行“They found that after a surprise departure, the pro
35、bability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse.你看到哪个词异常激动? 我强调: 在强逻词出现的地方是题眼, 或者在代词出现的地方也是题眼题眼的标志词。 一旦碰到代词, 很有可能是题眼题干中according to 相
36、当于found, probability 打个三角符号, 现在三个信号词全找到了, 如果这些招术和内力都搞懂了, probability 后面引导的that就是个同位语从句, the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. 增加了20%, the company 是第三个信号词, to restate=重申, 是收入增加了20%, 还是probability 增加了20%? 是可能性增加了2B选项是不对的, 偷换了概念report increased earnings, 刚才是木,
37、现在是林, 23 我们回文定位到了, 但是是错的, 我们继续读下文,The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse.彩笔标出likelihood, 后面的of 可能对应that 后面的内容, 用括号把increased 前面的内容括起来, of 后面的being named in federal class-action lawsuit, 核心词是lawsuit, 被点名。 4D 用了be likely
38、 . worse=less well. 这个回文定位用了两个句子,24题:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors _.这是个什么题?推断题。是段落推断题, 还是全篇推断题?段落推断题是英语(二)常考的题, 题型与前面三种题不一样。 段落推断题要关注以下几点:1. 选项正确项一定是原文信息的对应还是原文信息推理出来的深刻信息啊?所以正确项必须具有深刻度, 是原文信息推出来的, 而不是原文信息字面所具备的2. 一定要借鉴段落判断题的思路。 判断题的思路是什么呢? 把四个项一一回文定位, 做比对Amay st
39、ay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decline incentives from the firmA 看上去庸俗( 可选可不选)A与D在逻辑上对立, 可能在AD中选择, AD在同一个地方回文定位。 倒数第二句, 用笔把who 到have to 之前括起来,Firms who want to keep their outside directo
40、rs through tough times may have to create incentives.Want topurposeHave towayIncentiveA 中有个may, 语气很委婉, 段落推断题, 一般题干中有may, 作者态度就是表示推测出来的结果。25. 最后一题要格外关注, 一般来说是态度, 或是概括题。 信号词: attitude; role 理一下作者思路题:根本性思路, 在文章中找形容词, 情态动词+ 其他e.g. 你真棒!e.g. 考试只有几个月了, 你必须把2011年的真题看一遍。 (必须体现出了我说话时候的强烈情感。e.g. nonsense: ( 刚才
41、有位同学对老师的话进行反驳)2. 当前的政治目标就是什么: 维稳。所以出题老师选题的主题, 作者态度应该是积极健康还是消极不健康? 作者的态度应该是阳光的, 积极的, 向上的, 客观的, 辩证的ApermissiveBpositiveCscornful Dcritical想到2点: B与D是对立的; A与C都是不健康的信息。 到哪里回文定位? 带着谁? “role” . 24题目已经回文到了最后一题, 所以25题目可能在第二段的开头, supposed to serve as= role 态度题的解题正道是: 是积极的, 肯定的。 我们还应该关注到22题, 25题中的role 指向22题中的s
42、upposed, 21-25题的正确答案依次为B, D,C,A, BPassage Two生词释义recession: (名词) 经济衰退to threaten to do: 有可能危害到 * The incident threatens to ruin his chances in the election. 这次事件有可能损害到他选举中的机会。 to flee to: ( fled, fled) 逃跑到 to chronicle: (及物动词) 把载入编年史; 记录; 记载= to record * His life is chronicled in a new biography pub
43、lished last week.他的生平记录在去年出版的一本新传记中。* The book chronicles the events leading up to the war.这本书记录了导致战争的事件。doom: 1) (名词) (文中含义)厄运; 劫数, 毁灭 2) (动词)注定要(毁灭, 失败) # be doomed to sth: 注定要(灭亡, 失败等不好的命运) + 名词 * Many species are doomed to extinction. 许多物种注定要灭绝。 * The plan was doomed from the start. 这个计划从一开始就注定要
44、失败的。 # be doomed to do something 注定要(灭亡, 失败等) +动词* We are all doomed to die in the end。 我们注定最后是要死的。 to launch: (动词) 发起, 进行* to launch a round of talk: 发起一轮讨论* The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000. 这个组织举行活动筹备15万美元。 * The Canadian police plan to launch an investigation into the d
45、eal. 加拿大警察计划进行调查这个交易。charity: (名词)慈善charitable: 慈善的charitable corporation: 慈善机构to subsidize sb: 补贴sb * Farming is heavily subsidized by the government: 政府补贴农业的幅度很大。 subsidy: (名词) 补贴Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the adv
46、ertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidiz
47、e them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. 报业的衰亡究竟发生了什么? 一年前, 报业衰亡似乎就在眼前。 其衰退危及到相关广告的生存, 并预示着将失去那些尚未将注意力转移到互联网的读者们。 诸如旧金山记事这样的报纸都在记录着自己的厄运。 美国联邦贸易委员会就如何挽救报纸进行了一系列的讨论。 他们应该变成慈善机构吗? 国家是否应该补贴这些报纸? 近期该委员会还将召开一次会议。 但是现在这些讨论似乎已经不合时宜了。 to shrug: 耸肩 # to shrug off s
48、th: 不把sth当一回事, 不为sth 担忧 * to shrug off the recession: 从衰退的困境中摆脱出来 to inhabit + 地方: 居住在, ( “地方”前面不加in这样的介词) These tigers inhabited the islands. 这些老虎居住在岛屿上。 margin: 1) 利润* Margins are low and many companies are struggling. 利润很低, 许多公司都在苦苦支撑。* Within 10 years they had a gross profit margin of 50%. 在十年时间
49、内, 他们已经有了50%的毛利润。 (文中含义)空白处 *Someone had scribbled a note in the margin. 有人在空白处匆匆写了笔记。 3) (选举或比赛中胜负之间的)差距# by a wide/narrow margin 以极大的/ 极小的差距* Theyre a world-class team and it was no surprise that they won by such a wide margin. 他们是世界级的球队, 以遥遥领先的分数获胜, 一点都不奇怪。 # by a margin of 10 points/100 votes et
50、c 以10分/ 100票之差* The bill was approved by a margin of 55 votes。 这个议案以55票的差距被通过了。 routine: (形容词) 常规的* You mustnt worry. These are just routine inquiries. 你不必担心。 这些只是常规的询问。* routine maintenance work: 常规的维护工作* a routine operation: 常规的操作与route “路线” 比较 * Whats the best route to Cambridge? 去剑桥的路线是什么?In muc
51、h of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few
52、 years ago, but profit all the same. 在世界大多数地区, 几乎已经没有危机的迹象。 德国和巴西的报业已经拜托了衰退。 甚至身处全球报业问题最深渊的美国, 也不仅生存了下来, 而且还恢复了盈利。 尽管不是前些年惯例的20%收益, 但却毕竟是盈利。 to stay afloat: 1) 漂在水上 2)(文中含义) 引申为“维持运营”overboard: (副词)从船上落下 * One of the crew fell overboard and drowned. 一个船员落水淹死了。 * Man overboard! 有人落水啦! # to push sb ov
53、erboard: (引申义) 抛弃sb to reckon: 认为16. slim: 1) 苗条的 2)微乎其微的(机会等)Theres only a slim chance that anyone survived the crash. 有人能在坠毁事件中幸存的机会很小。 3)(文中含义) 薄薄的 slimmer products 更薄的产品(指报纸)to have the nerve to do sth: 有勇气做 (这里的nerve指“勇气”)measure: 措施It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing
54、 journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly
55、for many journalists, they can be pushed further.事态一直以来并非很乐观。 许多报纸通过裁员来维持运营。 美国新闻编辑协会估计自2007年以来有13,5000个编辑岗位被裁剪。 报纸内容缩水, 但读者却要付费更多。 一些报纸甚至斗胆拒绝向远郊用户投递。 然而事实证明这些孤注一掷的手段是正确的。 对于许多记者来说, 却很悲惨, 他们可能会继续被裁剪。 revenue: (特指从商品和服务中获取的) 收入 注: 与 income 有差异, “income”一般指“个人的收入”, 而revenue 指商业机构的“收入”。reliance on: (名词
56、性短语) 依赖proportion: 比例stable: 稳定的 stability ( 名词)not surprisingly: 难怪 (一般用于句首, 表示结果并不出人意外)Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenue
57、s came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. 鉴于来自读者和广告商的收入比例日趋合理, 报纸正在成为更具平衡性的行业。 长期以来美国报业对广告的过度依赖, 都是极不正常的。 根据经济合作和发展组织的数据, 在2008年高达87%的收入来自于广
58、告。 而在日本这个比例只有35%。 难怪, 日本的报业更具稳定性。 whirlwind: 旋风to sweep: ( swept, swept) 1) 扫 2) (文中含义)(比喻义)席卷, 迅速蔓延# sweep the country/nation/state etc 席卷整个国家* a wave of nationalism sweeping the country国家主义的浪潮席卷了整个国家# sweep across/through etc * the latest craze sweeping through the teenage population 最新的潮流在青少年中蔓延开
59、来distinctive: 有特色的, 独特的reviewer: 评论家, 审查者bureau: 1) (政府部门)局、处、署;2) (文中含义) 机构savagely: 野蛮地, 残忍地to cut off: 中断, 切断virtue: 1) 美德 2)(文中含义) 优点, 长处= advantage* Adam Smith believed in the virtues of free trade.亚当斯密相信自由贸易的优势。* Wilkins is now praising the virtues of organic farming.威尔金现在高度赞扬有机种植的好处.The whirl
60、wind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete
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