高考英语复习：必修5Unit2Theenvironment

1、 Unit 2 The environment教材知设步合一对应学生用书P78项目内容核心单词单词拼写（根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子）I.Every city in China is doing its best to take (措施)to fightagainst pollution.2.It is known that the British are rather (讲究的)about tablemanners.3.It is believed that social progress is normally a matter of struggles and (冲突).4.Non- r

2、enewable energy has been (减少),so saving energy istruly urgent and important.5.If we (回收禾U用)more waste, there wouldnt be so muchpollution.6.The consensus among the worlds scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few d.7.Besides these traditional activities , we have a wider r o

3、f choicessuch as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.8.I q for two hours to get a ticket to see the football game.9.The b that one should work hard is rooted in our culture.10.The heavy rain has caused f in many parts of the province anddone a lot of damage.答案l.measures 2.particular 3.c

4、onflicts 4.decreasing 5.recycled 6.decades7.range 8.queued 9.belief 10.floods词性转换（用所给词的适当形式填空）I.The which is on his farm is extremely popularwith villagers , and the is increasing year by year.(produce)2.A citizen should be filled with a sense of for his nation.That is tosay, he should be for what h

5、e does.(responsible)3.Good natural is vital to us.We shouldnt sacrifice protection to promote economic growth.(environment)4.A lift was ill and a famous surgeon on her atonce.Shortly after the , the patient picked up.(operate)5.Hangzhou is such an city that it often makes a strong on visitors and it

6、s sights never fail to foreign tourists.(impress)6.The man seized much landDespite his act, fewpeople thought badly of him.Some people considered it to be bymistake.(legal)7.I would again.Meanwhile it very much if you can give me a hand,I want to express myto you for your helpingme before.(appreciat

7、e)8.As is known to all , an bike wont gowithout .(electrical)9.Experts advisebeen not to buy more groceries until theyve already.This is called rational(合理的).(consume)10.in his writing , the writer always forgets to eat and drink.His in work is admirable.(absorb)答案1.product; produced ; production 2.

8、responsibility ; responsible 3.environment;environmental4.operator； operated; operation 5.impressive; impression ；impress6.illegally ; illegal ; legal 7.appreciate; appreciation8.electric; electricity 9.consumers; consumed; consumption 10.Absorbed;absorption重点短语，汉译英1.依赖提供 2.削减 3.挑出.关于，就而言 5.自由发言 6.耗

9、尽.在进行中 8.用尽 9.把归咎于 .关掉(开关) 11.逃避责任 12.四处打听.尽自己的职责 14.乐意做 15.尤其，特别.为感到羞愧 17排放 18.打扫，清除干净.有很长的路要走 20.将置于危险境地 答案.rely on.for2.cut back on 3.pick out 4.in / with regard to 5.open the floor 6.runout (of).under way 8.use up 9.blame.on 10.turn off 11.hide from responsibilities 12.ask around.do ones part 14

10、.be willing to do.15.in particular 16.feel ashamed of / about17.let off 18.clean up19.have a long way to go 20.put.in danger句型操练 背诵与仿写 ，1.What if they (raw materials) run out ? (P25, E)-1仿写如果我们的燃料用完了怎么办？What if we ?2.It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we

11、make and buy.(P22, L21 -22)n1仿写那对年轻夫妇说他们有责任把那个三岁的孤儿抚养大。Theyoungcouplesaid .There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.(P39 , L1)no匚二I仿写毫无疑问在洪水到来时解放军帮了我们大忙。doubtthat .We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.(P38, L21-22)匚

12、二!仿写要解决关于村民饮用水的安全问题，我们还有很长的路要走。Westillhavealongwaytogo . 答案 1.run out of fuel.(that) it was their duty to bring up the three- year-old orphan.There was; the PLA men gave us great help upon the arrival of the flood / when the flood came / arrived.to solve the problem in regard to the security of the

13、villagers drinking water基密知识夯实教材知识整合一对应学生用书p79重点单词.range (ranges / ranged / ranged / ranging )n.范围；一系列；山脉vi.& vt.排列，排序；(在一定范围内)变动，变化；徘徊，漫步There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。The delegates ranged themselves around the table.代表们依次在桌子周围就座。The room rates at the hotel range fr

14、om $10 to $30 per day.那家宾馆的房间价格每天从10美元到30美元不等。港温馨提示：arrange, arrangement 都是以 range 为词根诞必记搭配：range from.to在范围内变化range betweenand.在范围内变化range over范围涉及至Uwithin / in the range of 在范围内；在射程内beyond / out of the range of. 超过的范围.absorb (absorbs / absorbed / absorbed / absorbing )vt.吸收；汲取，理解(知识等)；使全神贯注I haven

15、t really had time to absorb everything that he said.事实上我还没有时间弄懂他说的一切。Judith lay on the sofa , absorbed in her book .朱蒂斯躺在长沙发上，专心致志地看她的书。The video was totally absorbing the childrens attention.录像完全吸引了孩子们的注意力。灌同/近义词：take in / understand灌温馨提示：absorb做动词，后面接宾语；be absorbed in表示状态，意思为“专心致志于”，相当于 be lost in

16、 / be devoted to。灌必记搭配：absorb ones attention 吸弓I某人注意力be absorbed in.被吸引住,全神贯注、专心致志于be absorbed by被吞并，为所吸收.appreciate (appreciates / appreciated / appreciated / appreciating )vt.欣赏，赏识；感激；领会，领略Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.她的才干尚未得到雇主的充分赏识。I would appreciate it if you paid in

17、cash.假如你支付现金的话，我将不胜感激。I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.我不愿被人当作二等公民。We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.如有任何问题，请告诉我们。灌温馨提示：appreciate后常跟名词或 v-ing分词，接v-ing分词时，可以有自己的逻辑主语；也可 用于被动语态，但不能用于进行时态。appreciation n.欣赏；感激；体谅灌必记搭配：appreciate (ones) doing sth.感激某人做app

18、reciate sb.赏识某人I would appreciate it if 如果我将不胜感激in appreciation of 为了感谢趁热打铁完成句子： I if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来我将感激不尽。When you look people in the eye , they feel you .当你看着人们的眼睛时，他们觉得你欣赏他们说的话。用所给词的适当形式填空：The course aims to develop the children s(app

19、reciate) of Chinese andforeign classical music.同义句转换： I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.( 同义句转换 )=I wouldyou could call back this afternoon.如果今天下午你能打电话来我将会非常感痴答案与解析 would appreciate it (2) appreciate what they are sayingappreciation。句意：本课程旨在培养儿童对中外古典音乐的欣赏能力。此处children s是名词所有格形式，后面跟

20、名词形式，故答案为appreciation o appreciate it if.impress (impresses / impressed / impressed / impressing )vt.印，盖印；留下印象I was very impressed by his performances.他的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。He impressed the design on the cloth.他把图案压印在布上。My father impressed on me the value of hard work.我父亲让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值。灌同/近义词：affect / move /

21、print灌温馨提示：impress常用作及物动词，只跟简单宾语。impressive给人深刻印象的，感人的impression n川象必记搭配：impress sb.with sth.给某人深刻印象be impressed by / with 被深深打动(感动)impress sth.on / upon sb.使某人铭记 ，使某人印象深刻impress sth.in / on ones memory / mind 某事深深印在脑海里make / leave / create an impression on sb.给留下印象give sb. an impression 给留下印象趁热打铁单句

22、语法填空：One of the most (impress) performances was given by a group of blind female performers.I ll never forget the days that I spent in my junior school, which left a deep (impress) on me.Using proper manners will help you create a good impression your boss and co- workers.Even so, she impressed the

23、worldher courage and strong desire tosucceed.答案与解析impressive。考查词性转换。句意：最令人印象深刻的表演之一是由一群盲人女演员 表演的。impression。考查名词。句意：我永远不会忘记我在初中的日子，它给我留下了深刻的印象。根据上文 a可知应填名词impression。 on / upon with5.creditn.信用；荣誉；学分；赞扬；称赞；认可They stole everything in my purse , including my credit card.他们偷走了我钱包里的所有东西，包括信用卡。It is grea

24、tly to your credit that you have overcome such difficulties.非常值得赞扬的是，你已经克服了这样的困难。海同义词：praise / honor必记搭配：deserve credit for 因值得表扬give sb.credit for sth.因而赞扬某人claim credit for sth. 为邀功do credit to sb./ sth.为争光（带来荣耀）to sb.s credit某人值得赞扬；在的名义下buy sth.on credit 赊购某物credit card 信用卡6.measure （measures / m

25、easured / measured / measuring ）vt.测量，计量；权衡vi.量；有长（或宽、高等）n.措施；量度，尺寸；程度We measured the distance.我们测量了距离。She measured the stranger with her eyes.她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。The government was urged to take measures to combat（抑制）the spread of AIDS.人们敦促政府采取措施以防止艾滋病的传播。涎同义词：step / value谯温馨提示：measure做不及物动词时，不能用于被动语态和进行时

26、。如：The lake measures 130 x 80 kilometers.这个湖的面积为 130千米x 80千米。灌必记搭配：take measures to do sth.采取措施做 (=take steps / action to do sth.)make.to ones measure 按某人尺寸定做in some measure 在某种程度上in great / large measure 在很大程度上趁热打铁写出句中 measure的含义： Its high time they took measures to reduce the cost of production. T

27、he city of Rome has just passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals , which many people say can measure the civilization of a city. Each of its ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long.答案措施判定量度为【运用提升】I .选择括号内适当的单词或短语填空。.Trees are important in that they protect soil , regulate water and (abso

28、rb / entertain / attract) carbon dioxide.We can provide books in a wide (division / area / range) of languages besides English.(To his sorrow / To his disappointment / To his credit) , Nathan gave back the enormous amount of money he found.答案与解析.absorb。句意：树木很重要，因为它们保护土壤，调节水和吸收二氧化碳。absorb吸收； entertai

29、n 娱乐； attract 吸引。.range。division 分离，隔离；area地区；range 一系列。a wide range of 意为“各种各样的”。句意：我们除了提供英文书籍，还可以提供其他各种语言的书籍。.To his credit o 考查词组辨析。to his sorrow 使他难过的是；to his disappointment 使他失望的是；to his credit值得赞扬的是。句意：值得赞扬的是，Nathan归还了他发现的巨款。n .在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。.A fully - grown blue whale(measure) 110

30、feet in height and (weigh) several tons.When the teacher entered the classroom , she found the pupils were absorbed their Maths exercises.Our parents and teachers often impress the importance of studying hard us.答案与解析长；量度为1.measures; weighs。止匕处 measure和 weigh 为系动词。 measure ”有weigh 有重。句意：一条成年蓝鲸的长度为11

31、0英尺，重有几吨。2.in。句意：当老师走进教室，她发现学生们正在全神贯注地做数学作业。be absorbedin “全神贯注于 ”是常用短语。3.on/upon。考查固定词组。impress sth.on/upon sb.某事给某人留下深刻印象；使某人铭记。句意：我们的家长和老师经常让我们铭记努力学习的重要性。出.完成句子。.There is career opportunities which are open to young people.(range)年轻人有很多就业机会。.The idea the importance of nature upon children early i

32、n life.(impress)这个想法是为了让儿童在人生的早期便了解自然的重要性。. are being to in the city.(measure)正在采取措施减少该城市中的犯罪。.We her safety, for this is the first time for her to leave home alone.我们都担心她的安全，因为这是她第一次单独离开家。.Id you can give me some advice improve my written English.(appreciate)如果你能就如何提高我的书面英语提些建议，我将不胜感激。答案与解析.a wide

33、range of。a wide range of各种各样的，后加可数名词的复数形式。.is to impress.Measures; taken； reduce crime.are all concerned about。 be concerned about对担心。.appreciate it if; on how to核心短语.找出，挑选pick outHave you picked out the movie you want to see ?你找出你想看的电影了吗？短语会友爆发；突然发生break out指出，指明pointout执行，贯彻carryout坚持，维持hold out理解

34、，弄明白figure out用完；耗尽run out结果是，原来是turn out散发，分发，用完give out（灯、火）熄灭_go out.缩减，裁减cut back on / uponMany schools are cutting back on / upon staff at the moment.目前许多学校在裁员。短语会友砍倒；肖1J减cut down插嘴；超车 cut in少讲点，说得简短些cut it short切断（电话、电源、供应等） cut off切碎 cut up.尽自己的职责do ones partThe president asked every citizen

35、to do his part in fighting inflation.总统要求每位公民尽自己的职责抵制通货膨胀。短语会友参加；参与（某事物）take part in在中起作用play a part / role in扮演角色 play the part / role of.在进行中under wayA murderer has escaped from prison , so a nationwide search for him is under way.一个杀人犯越狱了 ，全国范围内的搜捕活动正在展开。短语会友在治疗中under medical treatment在施工中underco

36、nstruction在讨论中underdiscussion在维修中underrepair在控制下undercontrol在考虑中underconsideration在辩论中underdebate思考：你能写出至少5个含way的短语吗?答案all the way自始至终；be / stand in ones way妨碍某人，阻挠某人；by the way顺便一说，附带说说；by way of经由，经过；smooth / pave the way for sth.为 铺平道路；feel ones way 谨慎小心地进行； find the / ones way to 设法赶到 /进入；have a

37、 long way to go 有 很长的路要走【运用提升】I .选择括号内适当的单词或短语填空。1.It is easy to (carry out / pick out / give out) my car from others in the parking place ； it has an advertisement about Panasonic TV on the back of it.2.With prices rising , many families have(cut back on / cut off / cut up) spending on food in the

38、last three months.3.I agree with the view that not only government but every single citizen should do ones (part / value / credit) to solve the problem.4.一 Have you (run out / run out of) your pocket money ?Yes,I am borrowing some money from my best friend at the moment.5.In order to advance the dev

39、elopment of Yancheng , the city government tries to beautify it as soon as possible. Several new special projects are(under way / under repair).答案与解析.pick out。句意：在停车场认出我的车很容易，它的后部有一个松下电视的广告。pick out认出，挑选出；carry out执行；give out散发，分发。.cut back on。句意：随着物价上涨，许多家庭在过去三个月削减了食品开支。cut backon削减，减少；cut off切断，中断

40、；cut up切碎。.parto do ones part尽自己的职责。其他无此搭配。.run out of。“用光，花光”。常见表述：sb.runs out of sth./ sth.is running out / sth.has run out。.under way。考查词组辨析。under way在进行中；under repair正在修缮。句意是：为了促进盐城的发展，市政府想尽快美化它，几个特殊的新工程正在进行。n .根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。cut down ； break out; take part in ； pick out; ru

41、n out;let off; under way; rely on ; in particular ; in / with regard to.Old trains would a lot of harmful gases when running.2.Preparations for the coming sports meeting are well .3.Dont him to do anything. Hes just a talker.4.We are constantly being reminded to our fat intake.5.He happened to be in

42、 England when the war .6.I regret to tell you that you cant the game.7.His statement refers to people in general , not to anyone .8.If the cash , your shopping time is over for the day.9.I m going to a few books to send to some friends in America.10.There are some laws human rights in the country.答案

43、与解析et off。句意：旧火车在运行时会排放很多有害气体。let off放出、排放，结合句意，故填 let off o.under way 3.rely on.cut down。句意：我们经常被提醒要减少脂肪的摄入量。根据 “our fat intake”可知此处表示“减少、降低”，故填cut down。.broke out 6.take part in7.in particular o句意：他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。in particular尤其、特别，结合句意，故填in particular。8.runs out9.pick out。句意：我要挑几本书寄给在美国的朋友。

44、pick out表示挑选出，故填pickout。10.in / with regard to关键句型及惯用法.This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.(P22, L16-17)译：这将导致将来我们可食用的鱼的数量越来越少。a number of.a number of. “大量的”。由它引出的名词短语充当主语时，谓语用复数形式。in huge / large numbers 大量地大批地。在句子中充当状语。A large number of books have been sen

45、t to the earthquake- stricken areas recently.最近，大量的书籍已被送往地震灾区。In the 1840s, people moved to the west in huge numbers.十九世纪四十年代，人们大量地涌向西部。趁热打铁完成句子：Thanks to the digital TV , we can now pick up .由于有了数字电视，现在我们可以接收到大量的电视频道。答案a large number of TV channels思考：(1)哪些词可以用来表示“大量的”？(2)哪些量词短语去掉 of可以充当状语？(3)the nu

46、mber of.和 a number of有何不同?答案(1)修饰可数名词复数的量词短语有：a (large) number of, (large) numbers of, all kinds of等；既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的短语有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of , a (large)quantity of, (large) quantities of, a pile of, piles of 等；只能修饰不可数名词的短语有：a great deal of, a large amount of , large amounts of 等。另外：“a qua

47、ntity of / quantities of + n. +谓语” 以及 a large amount of / large amountsof + n. +谓语”，其中谓语的单复数形式分别与quantity和amount的单复数形式保持一致。A large quantity of air conditioners has been sold since the summer came.Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.(2)下列表达方式可以直接在句子中充当状语：in numbers, in quantities ,

48、 a lot, a greatdeal 等。(3)the number of. 的数量由它引出的名词短语充当主语时，谓语用单数形式。The number of books stored in our library has come to 100 , 000.我们图书馆的藏书已达10万册。a number of. “大量的由它引出的名词短语充当主语时，谓语用复数形式。A large number of whales have been killed by these Japanese ships. 这些日本捕捞船已经杀 死了许多鲸鱼。.The worlds population has gro

49、wn by six times what it was in 1800.The figure is nowabout 7 billion people ! (P22, L19-20)译：目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长了六倍，这个数字现在是 70亿！(1)population 的句型population的句型小结如下：The population of.is large / small.(注意：不用 many / few ,且谓语动词用单数 )；80% of the population here are farmers.(注意：这里 population 为集合名词，表示居民”， 谓语

50、用复数)；Whats the population of.(注意：不用 How many / How much 提问)；.with a population of.介词短语，”拥有人口 “；has a population of.动词短语，”拥有人口 “(2)倍数的表达法英语中倍数的表达方式：.times + 形容词/副词的比较级+ than.”.times + as + 形容词 /副词的原级+as.”.times + the + 名词(如：size, height, weight, length, width 等)+ of.”.times + more + 名词+ than. ”.times

51、 + as many (或 much)+ 名词 + as.”.times + what 从句”例如：Line AB is three times longer than Line CD. = Line AB is four times as long as Line CD.线段AB比(线段)CD长三倍。This table is three times as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的体积是月球的 49倍。He earns five times more money

52、than he did ten years ago.他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多五Weve produced twice as much cotton this year as (we did) ten years ago.今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。(汉语中的多一倍实际上指两倍一样多。)The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。趁热打铁选择填空： I like this sweater better than that one , but it cost (three t

53、imes as much / three times as many).That company pays me three times (than/what) I earned and hopes that I will go there to work.答案与解析three times as much。句尾省略了 as that one。根据倍数表达法，且钱为不可数名词，可知应填 three times as much。what。倍数表达方式”.times+what从句”，故填what。思考：常用的倍数的表达方式还有哪些？答案倍数还可以用以下方式表达：a .times + up / on

54、/ over.;”.+ by + .times ;”.times + compared with +被比较对象”；.times + that of + 被比较对象”。The size of the sun is a million times over that of the earth.太阳的体积比地球的体积大一百 万倍。Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times.与去年相比 , 我们的 煤产量增长了 3倍。The number of the students in our school has

55、increased four times compared with 1980.我们学校的学生人数比 1980年增加了 3倍。In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月份的产量是 元月份的3.5倍。3.Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment. (P23, L40 - 41)译：林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的

56、东西的数量。suggest后接从句的用法与suggest健议)相关的从句用“(should)+动词原形”的形式充当谓语。例如：I suggest that he (should) not spend too much time playing computer games.我建议他不要花太多时间玩电游。My suggestion that he (should) not spend too much time playing computer games has been accepted.我建议他不要花太多时间玩电游，他接受了。It is suggested that he (should)

57、 be sent to the rural areas to gain experience of managing a farm.有人建议把他送到农村地区去获取经营农场的经验。His suggestion was that we (should) wait for another two days. 他的建议是 ,我们再等两天。趁热打铁中译英： that we (should) set up a reading club.有人建议我们成立一个读书俱乐部。答案It is suggested思考：a.suggest除了表示“建议”外，还有什么用法？b.像suggest这样有双重用法的词，在高中英

58、语中还有哪个？c.“答案a.suggest还可表示“显示”“说明”“暗示”。这时其用法与普通动词用法一致。例如： What he said suggested that he was satisfied with our homework.他的话说明他对我们的家庭作业(的完成情况)很满意。b.insist也有两个词义，一是表示“坚持要求”；一是表示“坚持认为(某一事实)”, 这里其后的宾语从句不用(should) +动词原形的形式。例如：He insisted that he hadnt taken your book.他坚持认为他没有拿你的书。c.英语中常见的表示建议命令要求提议的词有：su

59、ggest / suggestion ,advise / advice, order, insist, propose / proposal, recommend / recommendation , require / requirement, demand,request 等。【运用提升】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。.Compared to last year, number of students studying abroad has increased by 20% this year.The population of this city is larger

60、than of New York.The results of the medical check - up suggested that my father (be) in poor health, so the doctor suggested that he(give) up smoking and take more exercise.This river is three times the (deep) of that one.答案与解析.the。句意：和去年相比 ，今年出国留学的学生人数增长了20%。短语the numberof 的数目”谓语动词用单数形式。.that。考查比较级