【精准解析】山东省临沂市2020届高三4月一模考试英语试题+Word版含解析

1、英语学习讲义只要坚持梦想终会实现- -山东省2020年普通高中学业水平等级考试（模拟）英语试题本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分 150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项：.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答 案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选

2、项中，选出最佳选项。AAmsterdam Destination GuideAmsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums and cycling culture. Here are some key points for your trip to Amsterdam. Must-See Attractionsll also want cBegin with the Old Centre, which i

3、s full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. Don t miss the Dam Square and the areas around Spui and Nieuwmarkt. You out Amsterdam s MumeQuarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the V ondelpark. The top mus

4、eums to visit are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.If You Have TimeThe Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a place for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The P1antage area has most of the city s

5、museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepvaart Museumd the botanical gardens.TransportationAmsterdam Airport Schiphol is located about 15 kilometers southwest of city center. You cancatch a train from Schiphol to Amsterdam Central Station which has many connecting routes. Parkingis

6、 difficult in the ci ty center, so cycling is incredibly popular here, and it s easy to find cheap bikerentals around town.Money Saving TipsUnless you really want to see the tulips blooming, avoid booking between mid-March andmid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices surge.Look for accommodation

7、s in Amsterdam s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.B. The Museum Quarter.D. The Plantage area.B. It has too many connecting routes.D. It s very cheap to purchasbiae.s advice?Where c

8、an visitors have a picnic?A. The Old Centre.C. The VondelparkWhy is cycling so popular in the city center?A. It s difficult to park cars there.C. It s too far from the airport.How can visitors save money according to the authorA. Booking in Mid-April.B. Buying train tickets at the counter.C. Parking

9、 in the city center.D. Booking hotel in the South District.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，以其美丽的运河、顶尖的艺术博物馆和自行车文化而闻名。本文主要介绍了去阿姆斯特丹旅行的一些攻略。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中,having a picnic in the V ondelpark（在Vondelpark野餐）由此可知，游客可以在Vondelpark野餐。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。 根据第四段中 Parking is difficult in the

10、 city center, so cycling is incredibly popular here, and it s easy to find cheap bike rentals around town.市中心很难停车，所以自行车在这里非常 受欢迎，而且在镇上很容易找到便宜的自行车租赁点。由此可知，自行车在市中心这么受欢迎是因为在那里停车很困难。故选 Ao【3题详解】细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段 Look for accommodations in Amsterdam s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in

11、 the city center.可知在阿姆斯特丹的南区寻找住宿，那里的房价通常 比市中心便宜。由此可知，游客在 South District预定酒店可以省钱。故选 D。BFive years ago, Yellow-Purple tore a flexor tendon（屈肌腱），making it difficult to use her left leg.The little penguin was having a hard time walking and swimming.Yellow-Purple lives with a large group of African pengu

12、ins at Mystic Aquarium in Mystic, Connecticut. African penguins are an endangered species. They are beautiful, black and white birds that are about two feet tall when fully grown, and they are very popular with the Aqua rium s visitors.The staff at the Aquarium made a little support boot for Yellow-

13、Purple from plastic. This supported her left ankle and made it much easier for her to do all the things that penguins like to do. Yellow-Purple was getting along fine with her boot, but then Dr. Jen Flower, Chief Clinical Veterinarian at Mystic Aquarium, heard about 3 D printing technology. She deci

14、ded to use it to help better the boot.Luckily, Mystic Aquarium s Vice President of Education &Conservation, Kelly Marls, knew th Mystic Middle School had recently acquired a 3D Systems printer. Kelly reached out to the school and arranged a meeting. Sue Prince, Library Media Specialist at Mystic Mid

15、dle School, and seven middle school students visited Yellow-Purple to learn what was needed, and then contacted the supplier of their 3 D printer, ACT Group.With ACT Group s help, the students learned how to scan Ye-lowrple s existing foot cast, then use that data to create a more efficient boot wit

16、h sculpting software. The final boot design was printed on a 3D printer using multiple materials, allowing the boot to be flexible enough for comfortable movement, yet hard enough to support the injured tendon.The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walking almost back to normal. It w

17、as a great way to put science into practice. Celebrities like Ashton Kutcher shared Yellow- Purple s story on Facebook, inspiring more than 1.5 million combined views.What can we learn about African penguins?A. They are very large in number.B. They are dangerous species.C. They are beautiful when yo

18、ung.D. They are attractive to visitors.Who came up with the idea of an updated support boot?A. The ACT Group.B. Dr. Jen Flower.C. Kelly Matis.D. Sue PrinceWhat preparation work was done before the students got the ACT Group s help?A. They reached school on blem.C. They paid a visit to Yellow

19、-Purple.supplies.What is the best title for this text?A. The development of 3D printingC. An effort to put science into practice【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. BThey held a meeting to discuss theD. They contacted the ACT Group forA penguin benefiting from high-techD. A software that can design【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。

20、文章介绍了人们利用3D打印技术给一只名为 Yellow-Purple的企鹅打造靴子的事情，这只靴子是用来支撑Yellow-Purple走路的。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中They are beautiful, black and white birds that are about two feet tallwhen fully grown, and they are very popular with the Aquarium可知它们是 sivsilors.白相间的鸟，成年后大约有两英尺高，非常受水族馆游客的欢迎。由此可知，非洲企鹅对游客有 吸引力。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根

21、据第三段中 Yellow-Purple was getting along fine with her boot, but then Dr. JenFlower, Chief Clinical Veterinarian at Mystic Aquarium, heard about 3 D printing technology. She decided to use it to help better the boot.可知Yellow-Purple和她的靴子相处得很好，但是神秘水 族馆的首席临床兽医Jen Flower博士听说了 3d打印技术。她决定用它来帮助改善靴子。由此可知，Jen F

22、lower博士想出了更新靴子的想法。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Sue Prince, Library Media Specialist at Mystic Middle School, andseven middle school students visited Yellow-Purple to learn what was needed, and then contacted thesupplier of their 3 D printer, ACT Group. 可知神秘中学图书馆媒体专家 Sue Prince和七名中学生 拜访了 Yellow-Purple, 了解了需

23、要什么，然后联系了他们的3D打印机供应商 ACT集团。由此可知，在学生得到 ACT集团的帮助之前，他们拜访了 Yellow-Purple。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后段中The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walkingalmost back to normal. It was a great way to put science into practice. 可知当看至U Yellow-Purple 几 乎恢复正常行走时，学生们都很激动。这是一种将科学应用于实践的伟大方式。结合文章介 绍了人们利用3D打印技

24、术给一只名为Yellow-Purple的企鹅打造靴子的事情，这只靴子是用来支撑Yellow-Purple走路的。故B选项“一只从高科技中获益的企鹅”符合文章标题，故选B。【点睛】标题确定题属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上，还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有 机结合。概括性原则：要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概 全。针对性原则：针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小， 要量体裁衣，

25、大小适度。醒目性原则：标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍，故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的 是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。如第四小题，根据最后一段中The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walkingalmost back to normal. It was a great way to put science into practice. 可知当看至U Yellow-Purple 几 乎恢复正常行走时，学生们都很激动。这是

26、一种将科学应用于实践的伟大方式。结合文章介绍了人们利用3D打印技术给一只名为Yellow-Purple的企鹅打造靴子的事情，这只靴子是用来支撑Yellow-Purple走路的。故B选项“一只从高科技中获益的企鹅”符合文章标题，故选B。CWe spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers.Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majo

27、rity of our 300, 000-year human evolution（进化）,work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, orscience.The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather mo

28、dern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn tthey were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn t experience a sense of purpose.Similarl

29、y, the idea that we ought to bring our“whole self to work is a pretty novel and recenform of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work

30、 role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer

31、 team, etc.Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined（交融的）with who they are. They don t just come to work, they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost

32、 possessed by work and are the type of workaholics（工作狂）most companies long for.Why did we spend much of our adult lives working?A. To prepare for future careers.B. To find the water sources.C. To help us evolve.D. To make us survive.Why did the writer mention the worker a century, ago?To help us fin

33、d meaning at work.C. To show us the bad old days.To prove that the idea was modern.D. To complain about the experience.Which of the following might William Kahn agree with?Employees have different understandings about their work role.Every employee must bring their whole self to work.To be devoted t

34、o work is a pretty novel idea.Workers core identity is built on art categories.11 What kind of employees do most companies favour?Those who see work as a job.Those who identify with their work role.Those who are fully devoted to their work.Those who possess experience.【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C【解析】这是

35、一篇议论文。成年后，我们有三分之一的时间在工作，还有很大一部分时间在为职业生 涯做准备。工作是为了生存，而把“完整的自己”带到工作中去，这也是一种相当新颖的职 业建议。文章还说明了不同的人对工作的看法。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.可知我们工作是为了吃饭，避免被吃掉。由此可知，我们成年后大部分时间都在工作，是为了生存。故选Do【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find workmeaningful

36、-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. 可知我们注定要在工作中找至 U意义或 找到有意义的工作，这种想法即使不是后现代的，也是相当现代的发明。接着后文作者提到 了这个一个世纪前的工人，由此可推知，作者提到这个一个世纪前的工人，是为了证明这个 想法是现代的。故选 Bo【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identifywith their work role.可知他的观点是，员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不

37、相同。由此可知， A选项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于William Kahn的观点。故选 A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后段中They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type ofworkaholics most companies long for.可知他们似乎几乎被工作迷住了，是大多数公司渴望的工 作狂类型。由此可知，大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选 CoDWearing a headset to play a virtual-reality game is fun. As you move

38、 your head around, you cansee the scene from different angles. You re in a fake environment that seems so real. But the power ofVR may go well beyond entertainment. It just might help people who suffer from long time of pain, a new study finds.“If VR can reduce some types of pain, it could become a

39、new cure with fewer side effects thandrugs, “ says Sam Hughes, a psychologist at Imperial College London.And it would be less_ _ _ _ _ ”expensive.Hughes group studies bone and muscle pain. One example is sciatica. Sciatica is a form of paindoctors call chronic pain, which is different from the hurt

40、you feel when you hit your knee against a table or put your hand in very hot water. It is fairly long-lived pain and may even spread from an initial site to other body parts.The researchers tested the pain-altering effect of virtual reality. Each volunteer accepted someform of temporary pain. The pa

41、in came from a special cream applied to the skin. The cream contained capsaicin. It s the chemical in hot peppers that burns your mouth.They then showed the volunteers a movie. Each volunteer would see the movie twice-once in 3D,while wearing a VR headset, and once on a normal 2 D screen. The resear

42、chers randomly decided foreach volunteer whether they watched the 2D or 3D version first. Using the 2D movie as thecomparison allowed them to isolate the effect of VR. Watching the movie in VR reduced the pain inthe skin area better than did viewing the movie in 2D. VR helped them tolerate more pain

43、 in the area ofthe creamed skin. However, that pain reduction ended a few minutes after removing the VR headsets.The researchers wondered how well VR might reduce other types of pain.What s one of the advantagesof VR to reduce pain?A. It s much safer.B. It s more convenient.C. It s much faster.D. It

44、 s more efficient.What does the underlined word“chronic mean in Paragraph 3?A. suddenEC. lightDWhy was the special cream used in the experiment?A. To find chemicals in hot peppers.EC. To burns the volunteersmouth.DHow was the test carried out?A. By giving numbers.EC. By making a comparison.D【答案】12.

45、A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】上 long-term).sharp上 To bring comfort to volunteers.).To cause some temporary pain.上 By using examples.).By presenting research findings.【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现， VR可能会帮助那些长期遭受痛苦的人。因为 VR能减 少一些痛感，而且相对药物副作用少。并且对比实验证明了 VR能减少某些方面的疼痛。 【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中If VR can reduce some types of p

46、ain, it could become a new curevithfewer side effects than drugs,“ says Sam Hughes, a psychologist at Imperial Colle酶London.敦帝国理工学院的心理学家Sam Hughes表示：“如果VR能够减轻某些类型的疼痛，它可能会成为一种比药物副作用更少的新疗法。”由此可知， VR减少疼痛的优点之一是更安全。故选A。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文It is fairly long-lived pain and may even spread from an initial site

47、 to otherbody parts.可知疼痛持续的时间相当长，甚至可能从最初的部位扩散到身体的其他部位。由此可知，坐骨神经痛是一种被医生称为慢性疼痛的疼痛，故划线单词意思为“长期的。 故选Bo【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Each volunteer accepted some form of temporary pain. The pain camefrom a special cream applied to the skin.可知每个志愿者都接受了某种形式的暂时疼痛。疼痛来 自于涂在皮肤上的一种特殊的药膏。由此可知，在实验中使用特殊的药膏是为了造成暂时的 疼痛。故选D。【15

48、题详解】细节理解题。根据最后段中Each volunteer would see the movie twice-once in 3D, while wearinga VR headset, and once on a normal 2 D screen. The researchers randomly decided for each volunteer whether they watched the 2D or 3D version first. Using the 2D movie as the comparison allowed them to isolate the effec

49、t of VR.可知每个志愿者会看两次电影一一一次是3D的，戴着 VR头盔，另一次是普通的2d屏幕。研究人员随机决定每个志愿者先看2D还是3D版本。以2D电影作为对比，让他彳门分离出 VR的效果。由此可知，测试是由观看 3D和2D的志愿者进行对比完成 的。故选Co【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或thats to say,such as 等。逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but,however, wh

50、ile, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注 意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、 位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第二小题，根据后文 It is fairly long-lived p

51、ain and may even spread from an initial site to other body parts.可知疼痛持续的时间相当长，甚至可能从最初的部位扩散到身体的其他部位。由此 可知，坐骨神经痛是一种被医生称为慢性疼痛的疼痛，故划线单词意思为“长期的。 故选Bo第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。Life in Death ValleyDeath Valley is a huge place, extending more than 225 kilometers acro

52、ss the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger.16 It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3, 000 meters into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold d

53、uring the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley. But, during summer months, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius. 17 The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.In many areas of Death Valley, it is easy to see wher

54、e the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations, with colors of red, brown, gray, yellow and black. In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock. The lines are evidence of the past presence of water. 18.Mu

55、ch of Death V alley is flat and extremely dry. In some areas the ground is nothing but salt. However, it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley. 19 Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain. Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley. Visitors might see the

56、 dog-1ike animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.Throughout history, Native Americans found ways to survive in Death V alley. Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9, 000 years ago. Nowadays, more than one m

57、illion people visit it each year. 20 The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.The valley is full of life.The setting sun is visitors favorite.Images here seem to change ea

58、ch minute.Death Valley, is a place of strange and silent beauty.Death Valley doesn t forgive those who are not careful.Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years.【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. A 20. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。死亡谷是一个巨大的地方，从加州南

59、部延伸到邻近的内华达州，全长超过 225公里。尽管这个地方很美，但它的名字却证明了它的危险性。文章主要介绍了死亡谷的情 况，包括极端气候、地势等。【16题详解】根据后文 It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3, 000 meters into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden flo

60、ods on the floor of the valley.可知它有近 140 万公顷的沙漠和高达 3000 多米 的山脉。死亡谷在冬天的几个月里可能是危险的寒冷。山中的暴风雨会使谷底突然发洪水。由此可知，死亡谷是个危险的极端之地。故 F选项“死亡谷是一个美丽却危险的极端之地” 符合上下文语境，故选F。【17题详解】根据后文 The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.可知死亡谷的极端高温曾经造 成过人员死亡。由此可知，进入死亡谷的人们如果不小心可能就会死在死亡谷里。故E选项“死亡谷不会原谅那些不小心的人”符合上下文语境，故