英语不规则动词表

1、 英语不规则动词表英语四级不规则动词表(说明:下表为常用不规则动词得过去式与过去分词。有得动词列出两种过去分词形式,其中有*号得常用作形容词。) 第一组“ AAA ”型动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bet(打赌) bet(ted) bet(ted) burst(爆裂) burst burst cast(投) cast cast broadcast(广播) broadcast(ed) broadcast(ed) forecast(预报) forecast(ed) forecast(ed) cost(价钱为) cost cost cut(切) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt(

2、使受伤) hurt hurt let(让) let let put(放) put put quit(放弃) quit(ted) quit(ted) readri:d(读) readred readred rid(使摆脱) rid(ded) rid(ded) set(放) set set upset(弄翻) upset upset shed(流出) shed shed shut(关闭) shut shut split(劈开) split split spread(传播) spread spread thrust(插) thrust thrust wet(弄湿) wet(ted) wet(ted)

3、 第二组“ ABB ”型动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bend(弯曲) bent bent bind(捆绑) bound bound bleed(出血) bled bled breed(繁殖) bred bred bring(带来) brought brought build(建筑) built built burn(燃烧) burnt, burned burnt*, burned 1 buy(买) bought bought catch(捉住) caught caught clothe(给穿衣服) clothed clothed creep(爬行) crept crept dealdi:l(对

4、付) dealtdelt dealtdelt dig(挖) dug dug dreamdri:m(做梦) dreameddri:md dreameddri:mddreamtdremt dreamtdremt feed(喂) fed fed feel(感觉) felt felt fight(战斗) fought fought find(找到) found found flee(逃走) fled fled get(得到) got got,(主美)gotten* grind(磨碎) ground ground hang(悬挂) hung hung hang(绞死) hanged hanged hav

5、e(有) had had hear (听见) heardh:d heardh:d heave(起伏) heaved, hove heaved, hove hold(拿着) held held keep(保持) kept kept kneel(跪) knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeld lay(放下) laid laid lead(领导) led led mislead(误导) misled misled leanli:n(靠) leantlent leantlentleanedli:nd leanedli:nd leapli:p(跳) leaptlept leaptlept

6、leapedli:pt; lept leapedli:pt; lept learn(学) learned, learnt learned* 2 , learnt leave(离开) left left lend(把借给) lent lent light(点燃) lit, lighted lit, lighted lose(失去) lost lost make(制造) made made meanmi:n(意指) meantment meantment meet(遇见) met met melt(熔化) melted melted,molten* pay(支付) paid paid prove(

7、证明) proved proved,(主美)proven saysei(说) saidsed saidsed seek(寻找) sought sought sell(卖) sold sold send(送) sent sent shave(刮脸) shaved shaved,shaven* shine(照耀) shone shone 3shoot(发射) shot shot sit(坐) sat sat sleep(睡) slept slept slide(滑动) slid slid smell(嗅) smelled, smelt smelled, smelt speed(迅速前进) sped

8、, speeded sped, speeded spell(拼写) spelt, spelled spelt, spelled spend(花费) spent spent spill(溢出) spilt, spilled spilt, spilled spin(旋转) spunspun spit(吐痰) spat, spit spat, spit spoil(宠坏) spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt* stand(站,立) stood stood misunderstand(误解) misunderstood misunderstood understand(理解

9、) understood understood withstand(经受) withstood withstood stick(粘住) stuck stucksting(刺) stung stung strike(打) struck struck string(缚) strung strung sweep(扫) swept swept swing(摇摆) swung swung teach(教) taught taught tell(告诉) told told think(想) thought thought weep(哭泣) wept wept win(获胜) won won wind(绕)

10、 wound wound 注 注: :1、 在第二组动词中,有些两种过去式与过去分词形式,一种以 t 结尾。一种以 ed 结尾(规则形式)。一般来说,前者多见于英国英语,而后者尤为美国英语所用。作形容词用时,读作 3、shine 表示“擦亮”得意思时,用作规则动词。第三组“ ABC ”型动词原形 过去式 过去分词 arise(出现) arose arisen awake(唤醒) awoke, awaked awoken, awaked bear(生) bore borne, born* 1begin(开始) began begun bid(命令) bade, bid bidden, bid 2

11、forbid(禁止) forbade, forbad forbiddenbite(咬) bit bitten blow(吹) blew blown break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen do(做) did done undo(解开) undid undone draw(拉) drew drawn withdraw(撤退) withdrew withdrawn drink(喝) drank drunkdrive(驾驶) drove driven eat(吃) ate(英)et; eit(美)eit eaten fall(落下) fell f

12、allen forget(忘记) forgot forgotten fly(飞) flew flown freeze(结冰) froze frozen give(给) gave given forgive(原谅) forgave forgiven go(去) went gone undergo(经历) underwent undergone grow(生长) grew grown hide(隐藏) hid hidden, hid know(知道) knew known lie(躺) lay lainride(骑) rode ridden ring(响) rang rung rise(升起) r

13、ose risen saw(锯) sawed sawn, sawed see(瞧见) saw seen sew(缝) sewed sewn, sewed shake(摇动) shook shaken show(表明) showed shown, showed shrink(收缩) shrankshrunksing(唱) sang sung sink(下沉) sank sunksow(播种) sowed sown, sowed speak(说) spoke spoken spring(跳) sprang sprung steal(偷) stole stolen swear(发誓) swore s

14、worn swell(肿胀) swelled swollen, swelled swim(游泳) swam swum take(拿) took taken mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken overtake(赶上) overtook overtaken undertake(承担) undertook undertaken tear(撕) tore torn thrive(兴旺) throve, thrived thriven, thrived throw(投) threw thrown wake(醒来) woke, waked woken, waked wear(穿着)

15、 wore worn weave(织,编) wove woven write(写) wrote written 注 注:1、 bear 一般作“生(育)”解时,过去分词用 borne; 作“出生”解时,过去分词用 born。该词用作其它意思时,过去分词一般为 borne。试比较: She has borne five children、 她已生(育)了五个孩子。He was born in 1955、 她出生于 1955 年。All the costs of the repairs will be borne by our pany、 所有维修费用将由我们公司承担。2、 bid 表示“出价”“

16、叫牌”等意思时,过去式与过去分词形式均为 bid。3、 lie 表示“说谎”得意思时,用作规则动词。第四组“其它型” 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be(就是) was, were been beat beat beaten e came e bee became bee overe overcame overerun ran run 名词复数 1、构成方法及读音规则2、名词复数得不规则变化3、不可数名词量得表示4、定语名词得复数5、不同国籍人得单复数 1 1 、构成方法及读音规则1) 一般情况加 s:mapmaps boyboys girlgirls penpens bagbags carca

17、rs清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音与元音后读 /z/2) 以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾加 es, 读 /iz/busbuses watchwatches boxboxes brushbrushes3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 es, 读 /z/babybabies citycities countrycountries但以 y 结尾得专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾得名词变复数时,直接加 s 变复数。例如:two Marys the Henrys monkeymonkeys holidayholidays4) 以 o 结尾得名词,变复数时:a、以两个元音字母结尾(其一必定就是

18、 o)时,加 szoozoos kangarookangaroosb、某些外来词potato potatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes NegroNegroesc、其余情况,都加 s5) 以 f 或 fe 结尾得名词变复数时:a、 加 s,如: beliefbeliefs roofroofssafesafes gulfgulfs;b、 去 f,fe 加 ves,如:halfhalvesknifeknives leafleaves wolfwolveswifewives lifelives thiefthieves;c、 上述 a 与 b 两种方法均可,如 handk

19、erchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。2 2 、名词复数得不规则变化1) childchildren footfeet toothteethmousemice manmen womanwomen注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman 构成得合成词,其复数形式也就是 men 与 women,如 an Englishman,two Englishmen。但 German 不就是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;Bowman 就是姓,其复数就是 the Bowmans。2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese

20、,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 等。但除人民币得元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle、4) 以 s 结尾,仍为单数得名词,如:a、 maths,politics,physics 等学科名词,一般就是不

21、可数名词,为单数。b、 news 为不可数名词。c、 the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945、 联合国就是 1945 年组建起来得。d、 以复数形式出现得书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:”The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting storybook、 一千零一夜就是一本非常有趣得故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成得东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词

22、 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods 货物,waters 水域,fishes(各种)鱼。7) 有些表示生物得名词,其复数形式与单数相同。如:fishfish, sheepsheep, deerdeer。这类名词还有 aircraft, means 等3 3 、不可数名词量得 表示1)物质名词a、 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较:Cake is a kind of food、 蛋糕就是一种食物。(不可数)These cakes a

23、re sweet、 这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)b、 当物质名词表示该物质得种类时,可数。例如:This factory produces steel、 (不可数)We need various steels、 (可数)c、 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:Our country is famous for tea、 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please、 请来两杯茶。2) 抽象名词表示具体得事例时也可数。例如:four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化物质名词与抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定得数量,如 a glass of wa

24、ter a piece of advicea pile of caol a flash of lightening a burst of laughter编辑本段 4 4 、定语名词得复数名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如:sports meeting 运动会 students readingroom 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2) man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰得名词得单复数而定。例如:men workers women teacher

25、s gentlemen officials3)有些原有 s 结尾得名词,作定语时,s 保留。例如:goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:twodozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a tenmile walk 十英里路twohundred trees 两百棵树 a fiveyear plan、 一个五年计划5 5 、不同国籍人得单复数名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinesea Chinese two Chine

26、se 瑞士人 the Swissa Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italiansan Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an

27、American two Americans 印度人 the Indiansan Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadiansa Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a German two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedisha Swede two Swedes 可数名词有单数(Singular Form)与复数(Plural Form)两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式,表示一个以上得人或物用复数形式。1.一般在词尾加

28、s。s 在浊辅音后面读z,在清辅音后面读s,在t后与t一起读ts在d后与d一起读dz。例如:book books 书day days 天、日dog dogs 狗tree trees树 2.以 s,sh,ch,x 结尾得词在词尾加 es,读iz、例如: glass glasses玻璃杯watch watches手表box boxes盒子brush brushes刷子 3.以 o 结尾得词有些加 es,读z;有些加 s,读s。例如:tomato tomatoes 西红柿potato potatoes土豆photo photos相片radio radios 收音机zoo zoos 动物园 4.以 f

29、 或 fe 结尾得词,先把 f 改为 v,再加es,读vz。例如:knife knives 小刀leaf leaves树叶life lives生命thief thieves 小偷 5.以辅音字母加 y 结尾得,先把 y 改为 i,再加 es,读z。例如:story stories故事city cities城市family families家庭baby babies 婴儿注意:boy boys 男孩toy toys 玩具key keys 钥匙 6.有些名词有不规则得复数形式。例如:man men男人woman women妇女tooth teeth牙齿foot feet脚 7.有些名词得单复数形式

30、相同。例如;deer deer鹿sheep sheep 绵羊Chinese Chinese中国人Japanese Japanese 日本人 8.有些学科名词虽以 s 结尾,但通常都做单数名词瞧待。例如:physics 物理maths 数学politics政治news 新闻 9.有些单数形式得名词具有复数得含义,要当作复数瞧待。例如:people 人们,人民police 警察public 公众 1、不规则复数形式 1)来自古英语得复数形式,如: childchildrenfootfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenwomanwomenmousemicelouselice

31、 oxoxenpennypenceanalysisanalysesappendixappendices parenthesisparenthesesbasisbasesellipsisellipses axisaxeshypothesishypothesesoasisoasescrisiscrises criterioncriteriaphenomenonphenomenadatumdatamediummedia bacteriumbacterianucleusnucleifungusfungistimulusstimuli alumnusalumnifocusfociradiusradiit

32、erminustermini larvalarvaealgaalgaeformulaformulae当代美国英语中往往把 data 当做单数用,因此常见到复数形式 datas。另外,lens就是一个单数可数名词,其复数形式为 lenses。1)词尾读音为f并以f 或 0fe 结尾得名词复数形式有以下几种情况:a)规则形式: beliefbeliefschiefchiefscliffcliffsgriefgriefsb)不规则形式,即把f 或fe 变成v,再加es,读音为vz: calfcalveshalfhalvesleafleaveslifelives loafloavesselfshelv

33、esthiefthieveswifewives wolfwolvesc)既可就是规则形式又可就是不规则形式: dwarfdwarfs/dwarveshoofhoofs/hoves scarfscarfs/scarveswharfwharfs/wharves3)词干以o 结尾得名次有三种情况: a)附属形式为s:这类词包括缩略词 kilos,photos;表示国籍或民族得词Filipinos,Eskimos 以及 radios,solos,sopranos,studiosb)复数形式为es,如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes。c)复数有规则得与不规则得两种形式,

34、如: cargocargos/cargoesmosquitomosquitos/mosquitoesvolcanovolacbos/volcanoes2、单复数同形得名词1)某些动物名词,如:deer,grouse,salmon,trout,carp,bison,sheep 等2) 以 ese 或 ss 结 尾 得 表 示 民 族 或 国 籍 得 名 词 ,如:Chinses,Japanese,Portuguese,Swiss,Vietnamese 等3) 某 些 以 s 结 尾 得 名 词 ,如:barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,m

35、eans,series,species,works 等4)某些表示计量单位得名词,如:horsepower,hertz,kilohertz,li,mu 等其她一些名词,如:aircraft,spacercarft,craft,offspring 等。其中请特别注意s 结尾得单复数同形得名词,它们就是考试得重点！3、不可数名词不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词！例如下列用法均属错误: the mathematicsthe bankinga clothan equipment不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。如:Water is important、 但如果不可数名词前面被 pi

36、ece,drop,set 等词修饰时,谓语应该与 piece,drop,set 等得单复数形式保持一致 例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower、下面就是典型得不可数名词,就是应该熟记得！air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electrici

37、ty,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention

38、,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,arc

39、hitecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics请特别注意其中以s 结尾得不可数名词,大家平时应该积累遇到得不可数名词！注意下列可数名词！poetpoemessaynewspapermachineweaponscenephotographphotographer英语中有许多名词

40、既可作可数,又可作不可数。如:hair 作“人或动物得毛”得时候就是可数名词,作头发解释时就是不可数名词。判断一个词就是否可数,除了记忆以外, 主要瞧题中该名词得修饰词来决定。如:much 只能修饰不可数名词4、单数形式与复数形式得词义不同得名词 英语中有些名词得复数形式得词义不同于单数形式,如: air(空气)air(气派)arm(手臂)arms(武器)ash(灰)ashes(骨灰;废墟) authority(权利)authorities(当局)cloth(织物)clothes(衣服)content(含量)contents(目录) custom(习惯)customs(海关;关税)damage(损害)damages(赔偿金)force(力量)forces(武装部队) glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜)good(利益)goods(货物)green(绿色)greens(青菜)letter(字母)letters(文学)manner(方式)manners(举止,仪态)minute(分钟)minutes(记录) pain(痛苦)pains(劳苦)papaer(纸)papers(文件)quarter(1/4)quarter(宿舍)