六种基本句型主谓宾主系表等PPT培训课件

1、六种基本句型主谓宾主系表等 基本句型一: 主语 + 系动词+表语 该句型中, 谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词有：1. 系动词be。2. 表感官的系动词。如look, sound， taste, smell, feel, seem, appear等3. 表变化的系动词。如become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall, run等。4. 表持续的系动词。如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hold等。5. 可带名词作表语的

2、系动词。如be, become, sound, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如: He turned teacher.)等。作表语的有名词、形容词、介词短语等。如：He is a boy. 他是一个男孩。(名词)The book is hers. 这本书是她的。(名词性物主代词)He is tall. 他个子高。(形容词)John is in good health. 他身体健康。(介词短语)We were excited at the good news. 听到这个消息我们很兴奋。(过去分词)The book is boring. 这本书很泛味。(

3、现在分词)Her dream is to become a teacher. 她的梦想是做教师。(不定式)My hobby is collecting coins. 我的爱好是收集硬币。(动名词)The reason for my failure was that I hadnt put my heart into my study. 我失败的原因在于我没有全心全意学习。(表语从句)即时练习：请用“主语+系动词+表语”句型翻译下列句子。1. 这台机器的情况良好。This machine is in good condition. 2. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。2. Silk feels soft

4、and smooth.3. 他突然病倒了。3. He has suddenly fallen ill. 4. 他静静地站着。 4. He stood quite still. 5. 电梯坏了。5. The lift is out of order/ has gone wrong. 6. 未来几天天气将持续寒冷。6. It will stay/remain cold (for) several days. 7. 那个男人证明是个贼。7. The man proved (to be) a thief. 8. 我希望你的梦想能成真。(come true)8. I hope your dream ca

5、n come true. 9. 那就是他居住的地方。(表语从句)9. That is where he lives. 10. 她的工作是在幼儿园照看儿童。10. Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten. 基本句型二：主语+不及物动词 本身能表达一个完整意思的动词, 叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。如：The machine works smoothly. 机器运转顺畅。(副词)They stopped to take a short rest 他们停下来休息。(不定式)He is stan

6、ding by the window. 他站在窗户边。即时练习：请用“主语+不及物动词”的句型翻译下列句子。1. 太阳在照耀着。The sun was shining. 2. 我们勤奋学习。2. We study hard. 3. 他们谈了半个小时。3. They talked for half an hour. 4. 这支笔书写流利。4. The pen writes smoothly. 5. 他们等了几个小时就是为了看见他们最喜爱的明星。5. They waited several hours to see their favourite stars. 6. 他每年在外旅游好几个月。6.

7、He travels for several months every year. 7. 1919年, 北京爆发了“五四”运动。7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8. 五年前我住在北京。8. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 9. 他昨晚很晚回家。9. He returned home late last night. 10. 在过去的十年里, 我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 10. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in

8、 the past ten years. 基本句型三: 主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式等。如：Mary enjoys music. 玛丽喜欢音乐。(名词)He loves her. 他爱她。(代词)I want to get your help. 我想得到您的帮助。(不定式短语)I dont know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。(疑问词不定式)The old man enjoys living in the countryside. 那老人喜欢住在乡村。(动名词短语)I dont th

9、ink hes right.我认为他不对。(宾语从句)1. 常要求接不定式作宾语的动词有attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。归纳：2. 常要求接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, see, settle, tell, think, unde

10、rstand, wonder等。3. 常要求接动名词作宾语的动词有admit, advise, avoid, ban, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, look forward to等。4. 接不定式与接动名词意义差别很大的动词有forget, remember, regret, try, mean, stop, go on等。即时练习：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语”句型翻译下列句子。1. 她微笑着表示

11、感谢。1. She expressed her thanks with a smile. 2. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。2. He refused to help them. 3. 他承认犯了错误。3. He admitted making a mistake. /that he had made a mistake. 4. 我想喝杯茶。4. I would like a cup of tea. 5. 我们不否认态度决定一切。5. We dont deny that attitude decides everything. 6. 他不介意受到老师的责备。6. He didnt mind being

12、blamed by the teacher. 7. 医生已决定什么时候给病人做手术。7. The doctor has decided when to operate on the patient. 8. 永远不要冒险违背自然的法则。8. Never risk going against the law of nature. 9. 当妈妈进来的时候, Tom假装正在阅读。9. Tom pretended to be reading when his mother came in. 10. 我忘了要在哪儿接她了。10. I forget where to pick her up. 基本句型四：主

13、语+及物动词+间宾+直宾 该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面, 直接宾语在后面。如：Tom left Mary a message. 汤姆给玛丽留下了口信。This will save you much time. 这将为您节约大量的时间。 有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调, 这时, 间接宾语前应加上介词to, for或of。1. 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+to+人(间宾)。如： He offered a job to her. 他向她提供了一份工作。 I owe my success to you. 我的成

14、功要归功于您。 间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等。归纳: 2. 主+及物动词+ 物(直宾)+for+人(间宾)。如：He ordered some food for the two of them. 他为他们俩点了一些食物。Mother made a nice dress for the little girl. 妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子。 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy， choose, get, ma

15、ke, order, sing, do, play, save等。3. 主+及物动词+人(间宾)+of+物(直宾)。如： They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。 Hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。归纳： 直接宾语前加介词 of 的动词有：cure, convince (使信服), deprive (剥夺)inform, rob, rid (摆脱, 赶走, 清除), warn(警告), remind(提醒), accuse(指责、控告), suspect(怀疑)。归纳：这种结构 sb. of sth

16、. 当做固定结构来记，即rob / warn / inform / accuse / cure sb. of sth.等即时练习：请用“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的句型翻译下列句子。 1. 我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。 1. I want to choose a suitable present for him. 2. 太阳给了我们光和热。 2. The sun gives us light and warmth. 3. Mr Smith教我们数学。3. Mr Smith teaches us math. 4. 那个老人给我们指路。 4. The old man showed us

17、the way. 5. 请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书。5. Please return all the books to the library by this weekend. 6. 为了你, 我愿意做一切事情。6. Ill do everything for you. 7. 请借我些钱, 行吗?7. Please lend me some money, will you?8. Mary写了封信给Tom。8. Mary wrote Tom a letter. 9. 医生治好了他的病。9. The doctor has cured him of his disease. 10. Tom使Ma

18、ry相信了他的诚实。10. Tom convinced Mary of his honesty. 基本句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、副词(仅限少数几个)、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。如：We elected Li Yang our monitor. 我们选李阳做我们的班长。(Li yang is our monitor)The news made us sad. 这新闻

19、使我伤心。(We were sad) 常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate (提名), crown, think, consider, leave等。根据宾补的不同可分为以下几种情况：1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如：President appointed John manager of Marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。归纳：2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词。如： The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get (rea

20、dy), cut (short), set (free), keep, drive (mad), find, want, hold (responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat (black and blue), boil (hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。归纳：3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如： I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如： He encouraged her to

21、work harder. 他鼓励他努力工作。 要求用to do作宾补的动词有: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。 He always has others wait for him. 他总是要别人等他。归纳： 要求用do作宾补的动词有: 使役动词let, make, have等; 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, lo

22、ok at, notice, see, watch等。归纳： 若变为被动语态, 其后的宾语补足语就成为主语补足语了, 此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如： The boss made him work overtime. (主动语态)He was made to work overtime. (被动语态)老板叫他加班。【注意】5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+分词。如：Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. 洗手之后不要听任水白流。 I heard my name called. 我听到有人叫我的名字。 现在分词

23、为宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。【注意】6. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 我觉得与你家人相处令人愉快。 She thinks it no point prac

24、ticing so much. 她认为练习这么多没有意义。 He believed it unlikely that she would agree. 他相信她不可能同意。 当作宾语的不定式、动名词、宾语从句跟一个补足语时, 要用形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，将真正的宾语放到后面。 用doing作真正的宾语时, 其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, good, sense， point等, 表示“无益或没有意义”。 能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider， believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。【说明】即时练习：请

25、用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。1. 那噪音快要使我发疯了。1. The noise is driving me crazy. 2. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。2. We must make our school more beautiful. 3. 他请我们参加做游戏。3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. 我要你把真相告诉我。 4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. 明天我要找人来修理机器。5. I will have the machine repaired tomorrow. 6. 每天早晨我们都

26、听到他大声朗读英语。6. We hear him reading English aloud every morning. 7. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 7. They felt the car moving fast. 8. 我们必须保持身体健康。(in good condition) We must keep our health in good condition. 9. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We wont have her go out at night. 10. 他每个月理一次发。 He has his hair cut once a month. 11. 我从来没看见这个

27、字这样用过。11. Ive never seen the word used in this way. 12. 他感到很难跟你交谈。12. He feels it hard to talk with you. 13. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。13. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. 14. 学校定了一条规则, 开始上课时学生要起立。(make)14. The schools made it a rule that students should stand up at the beginning of the class. 15.

28、 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。15. I believe it no use talking with that man. 基本句型归纳与综合运用句型归纳综合运用一、句型识别：判断下列简单句的类型：A. 主+系+表B. 主+谓C. 主+谓+宾D. 主+谓+双宾 E. 主+谓+宾+宾补( ) 1. Work starts at ten. ( ) 2. Their English books are here. A B( ) 3. Mr. Smith teaches my brother English. ( ) 4. We use electricity very often. ( ) 5. T

29、he trains are on the way. A DC( ) 6. He showed all the engineers the difference between the two engines. ( ) 7. We consider Mr. Smith an English teacher. ( ) 8. In the afternoon we review our lessons. CDE( ) 9. In our everyday life we see things moving about on the ground or in the air. ( ) 10. Peop

30、le allow all kinds of waste products to flow into the sea. EE二、综合运用：用简单句翻译下列各句, 然后通过适当添加细节和关联词将其合并成5句话的连贯的短文, 这5句话依然是简单句。1. 这是我的妈妈。This is my mother. (主+系+表)2. 她是一个普通的家庭妇女。She is an ordinary housewife. (主+系+表)3. 刚才她坐在那儿。3. My mother was sitting there. (主+谓)4. 她在看电视。4. She was watching TV. (主+谓+宾)5.

31、我感到意外。5. I felt surprised. (主+系+表)6. 她在哭泣。6. She was weeping. (主+谓)7. 什么事才可使她高兴? 7. What could make her happy. (主+谓+宾+宾补)8. 我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。8. I told her a very funny story. (主+谓+双宾)9. 她情不自禁地笑了起来。 9. She couldnt help laughing. (主+谓+宾)合并： This is my mother, an ordinary housewife. Just now, she was sit

32、ting there, watching TV. Much to my surprise, I found her weeping. In order to make her happy, I told her a very funny story. Sure enough, she couldnt help laughing. 基本句型六：There be结构 句型“There + be + 主语 +定语/状语/同位语”, 用以表达在某处或某时“存在”某人某物。其中, there 仅为引导词, 并无实际意义; be 与其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致, 有时态和情态变化。如：There wil

33、l be a meeting tomorrow. 明天有场会议。There used to be a well in the village. 村里过去有一口井。此句型有时不用be动词, 而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等不及物动词。如：There stands the Statue of Liberty at New York Harbour. 自由女神像矗立在纽约港口。【注意】There be句型的扩展：1. There + be + 主语+(for sb) to doThere are still many thin

34、gs for us to do. 我们还有很多的事情要做。There was a meeting to attend the next day. 第二天有场会议要参加。2. There + be + 主语+ 现在分词There were many students holding an opposite view. 有很多学生持相反意见。Theres a river flowing through the city. 有条河在这座城市里流过。3. There + be + 主语+ 过去分词There were trees planted by students all over the mou

35、ntain. 满山都是学生们种的树。There will be a ceremony intended to promote the sales. 将有场为促销而设的庆典。4. There + be + 主语+ 定语从句/同位语从句There are many people who dont agree. 有很多人不同意。There exists a rule that all teachers should stay at school during working hours. 有条规定要求教师在工作时间里呆在学校。不同时态、情态的there be句型：there used to be .

36、曾经有(但现在没有了)2. there is/are going to be .将有3. There has been .已有4. there happens to be .碰巧有5. there seem(s)/ appear(s) to be .好像有6. there is/are likely to be很可能有7. there must be .一定有即时练习一、单句翻译: 请用There be句型翻译下列句子。1. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。1. Theres a music teacher and a painting teacher in this school. 2

37、. 二月份有二十八天。2. Therere 28 days in February. 3. 天气预报说下午有大风。 3. The weather forecast says that therell be strong winds in the afternoon. 4. 灯亮着, 办公室里肯定有人。4. The lights are on. There must be someone in the office. 5. 战前这儿有家电影院的。5. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6. 恰好那时房里没人。6. There happe

38、ned to be no one in the house. 7. 从前, 在海边的一个村子住着一位老渔夫。 7. Once upon a time, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 8. 山脚似乎有人在砍柴。 8. There seems to be someone cutting down trees at the foot of the mountain. 9. 就只剩下二十八美元了。9. Theres only $28 left. 10. 在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。10. There stands a

39、tall pine tree in front of the cave. 11. 本周有外校老师来我校参观。11. Therell be some teachers from another school visiting our school this week. 12. 有大约15%的学生认为学习成绩不重要。12. There are about 15% of the students thinking/ who think that exam results are not important. 二、篇章运用： 假如你和你的好朋友约翰之间曾经出现误会。请根据以下内容, 写一篇短文陈述产生

40、误会的原因、经过和结果。 上个月我们进行了一次数学测试。碰巧有一道数学题除了我以外没有人能做出来。我的好朋友约翰想抄我的答案, 他扔给我一张纸条, 但我不予理睬。这次测试以后我们吵了一架, 自此我们之间一直存在很大的隔阂。我们之间一定有误会, 我向他解释我为什么拒绝他的原因, 我们又成为了好朋友。写作要求 必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容； 尽可能多使用There be 结构。 There used to be some misunderstanding between my best friend John and me. We had a math test last month and t

41、here happened to be a very difficult problem in the test but there seemed/appeared to be nobody except me could work out the problem. My best friend John wanted to copy my answer and he threw me a piece of paper asking me to give my answer to him. There lied his paper of request in front of me, but I ignored it so after the test we had a quarrel and since then there has been a great distance between us. There must be some misunderstanding between us so I explained to