高考英语一轮复习语法之被动语态课件

1、被动语态被动语态定义构成用法被动语态的定义英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。被动语态的构成（1）助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（2）情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词A doll is being made by Mary.The letter has been received by him.肯定式否定式疑问式一般现在时I am asked.He/she is asked.We/you/they are asked.I am not

2、asked.He/She is not asked.We/you/they are not asked.Am I asked.?Is he/she asked.？Are we/you/they asked.？一般过去时I was asked.He/She was asked .We/you/they were asked.I was not asked.He/Shewas not asked.We/you/they were not askedWas I asked.？Was he/she asked.?Were we/you/they asked.?被动语态的构成主动语态被动语态一般现在时a

3、misare do/does(V.V.s)amisare+done(V. p.p)一般将来时willbe going tobe (about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V. p.p)一般过去时waswere did(V.-ed)waswere+done(V. p.p)过去将来时would/should +V.would/should be + done(V. p.p.)现在进行时amisare+doing(V.-ing)amisare+being+done(V. p.p)过去进行时waswere+doing(V.-ing)waswere+being+done(V.p.p)现在

4、完成时havehas+done(V. p.p.)havehas+been+done(V. p.p)过去完成时had+done(V. p.p.)had+been+done(V. p.p.)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+do(V. p.p.)口诀被动语态的构成一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have（has）done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall（will）do，被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动，shall（will）be doing。现在完成时，被动 have（has）been done。现、过进行be doing，

5、被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。“be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词“must，may，can，shall，will”等一律随新主语（多是主动句中的宾语）来变化。“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。被动语态的用法一般主动语态和被动语态的选用，应根据具体情况而定，但下列几种情况一般用被动语态。强调动作的承受者时

6、The plan was successfully carried out.Many houses were destroyed in the war.不必指出或不知动作的执行者时Breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 oclock to 9 oclock.All the work has been finished by now.动作的执行者是无生命的事物时The old man was killed by a car when he crossed the road.I was deeply impressed by Jimmys good be

7、havior.被动语态的用法一般主动语态和被动语态的选用，应根据具体情况而定，但下列几种情况一般用被动语态。为了礼貌起见而避免提及动作的执行者时I have been told many times not to make noises.The floor has been dirtied. Lets get it cleaned.句法修辞需要时The prizes will be given to those who have made great contributions to the world.有些习惯用法只以被动语态出现，常用的有be born, be determined to

8、do, be devoted to, be occupied with, be dressed in, be located/situated in等Mike was born in Malaysia in 2004.My hometown is situated in southern Henan Province.主动语态与被动语态的转换“主语+谓语+宾语”型主语+be done(+by)I parked my car outside the school.My car was parked outside the school (by me).主动语态与被动语态的转换“主语+谓语+间接宾

9、语+直接宾语”型主语+be done+直接宾语 (+by) / 主语+be done+to/for+间接宾语（+by)They gave the children many good books.The children were given many good books. Many good books were given to the children.主动语态与被动语态的转换“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”型主语+be done+主语补足语 (+by)We have made the empty land a playground.The empty land has been ma

10、de a playground.主动语态与被动语态的转换“主语+谓语+宾语从句”型It+be done+that/when等+主语+谓语We knew that he was leaving for America.It was known that he was leaving for America.He was known to leave for America.主语+谓语+that/when等+主语+谓语主语+谓语+that/when等+主语+谓语主语+be done+不定式to door主动语态与被动语态的转换祈使句Let +宾语+be doneKeep all the books

11、 at hand.Let all the books be kept at hand.谓语+宾语主动形式表示被动意义动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, t

12、urn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out?系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.被动语态和“be+过去分词式形容词”系表结构的区别被动语态表示动作，系表结构表示状态或情况The cup was broken by my son yesterday. (被动语态）The cup is broken. （系表结构）被动语态可用进行时态，系表结构常用一般时或完成时The

13、 plan is being carried out successfully. (被动语态）Many kinds of art have been lost to the world. （系表结构）可由by引出动作的执行者的一般是被动语态We were greatly interested by Hawkings lecture on universe. (被动语态）We are very interested in Hawkings lecture on universe. （系表结构）被动语态常用greatly等词修饰，系表结构常由very, quite, rather, too, so等词修饰I was greatly inspired by th