高中人教版英语Working the land-Learning about Language同步学案

1、PAGE PAGE 7Period TwoLearning about Languageving形式作主语和宾语动词的ing形式既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，因而可以有状语修饰它，及物动词的动名词还应有宾语，从而构成动名词短语；它也具有名词的基本性质，因而在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。一、动名词形式作主语1v.ing形式直接作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作，通常直接置于句首。Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages.大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。Wasti

2、ng a persons time is the same as killing him for his property.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。2it作形式主语，v.ing形式放在其后。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is no good learning without practice.只学习而不实践是不好的。It is a waste of time arguing about it.争辩此事是浪费时间。It is worthwhile making the experiment.做这个实验是值得的。3在“There be

3、v.ing形式”结构中作主语。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no point doing such a silly thing.做这件傻事毫无意义。二、动名词形式作宾语1v.ing形式作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy，include，excuse，practise，advise，suggest，mind，delay，forbid，keep，consider，miss，finish，appreciate，cant help(禁不住)，risk，admit，imagine等。Mary is consi

4、dering changing her job.玛丽正在考虑换工作。Xiao Wu suggests spending the evening with the workers.小吴提议今晚和工人们一起过。He admitted making a serious mistake.他承认犯了一个严重错误。Can you imagine living alone on a wild island?你能想像单独生活在一个荒凉野岛上是什么样子吗？2在下面的短语中，动名词常用作介词的宾语：be good at，dream of，care about，devote.to，be concerned abou

5、t，look forward to，be interested in，be used to，feel like，insist on，object to，think of，give up，aim at，put off，set about，stick to，apply to，succeed in.，owing to，pay attention to等。I have never dreamed of visiting that place.我从未幻想过要参观那个地方。I feel like going to the movie this evening.今晚我想去看电影。Ive been looki

6、ng forward to hearing from you.我一直盼望着能收到你的来信。3既可接v.ing，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的有：hate，like，prefer，attempt，begin，start，continue，intend等。Price will continue to rise/rising.物价将持续上涨。What do you intend to do/doing next?你下一步打算做什么？4接v.ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或词组有：eq blcrc (avs4alco1(stop to do sth.停下来去做某事,stop

7、doing sth.停止做某事)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(mean to do sth.想要做某事,mean doing sth.意味着做某事)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(try to do sth.努力/企图要做某事,try doing sth.试着做某事看会发生什么)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事,be afraid of doing sth.害怕发生)eq avs4al(allow/permit/,advise)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(sb. to do sth.允许建议某人做某事,do

8、ing sth.允许建议做某事)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(remember doing sth.记得做了某事,remember to do sth.记住要去做某事)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(forget doing sth.忘记做了某事,forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(regret doing sth.后悔做了某事,regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事)eq blcrc (avs4alco1(go on to do sth.继续做另外一件事,go on doing sth.继续做原先没有做完的事)

9、I remember to mail the letter but forget buying the stamp.我记得去寄信可忘了已买邮票了。Please stop working and have a rest.请停下工作，休息一下。5下列动词可接v.ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doing(need/want/require/deserve to be done)This small room needs painting.(This small room needs to be painted)这个小房间

10、需要粉刷了。The sick woman required examining.(The sick woman required to be examined.)这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。三、动名词的复合结构1带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。Marys coming

11、late made her teacher angry.玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气。Janes being careless caused so much trouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。Whats troubling them is their not having enough food.困扰他们的问题是食物不足。2在口语中，如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想像他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？The father

12、 insisted on his sons/his son going to college.爸爸坚持要求儿子上大学。Marys(不可用Mary)being ill made her mother upset.玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。His(不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽烟，这使他家人非常生气。3如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或是有生命名词但表示泛指意义时，则要用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒了。The so

13、und of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.书桌的开关声在街上都能听到。Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?你听说过妇女练拳击吗？4there be的动名词的复合结构为there being。Whats the chance of there being a storm tomorrow?明天有暴风雨的可能性有多大？四、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下表所示： 语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeing written完成

14、式having writtenhaving been written其否定形式是在doing前加not1.动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。I hate talking with such people.我讨厌与这样的人说话。She dreams of becoming a teacher.她梦想成为一名教师。She enjoys playing the piano.她喜欢弹钢琴。2动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。I am very pleased at your having been

15、 honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。He was praised for having done a good deed.他因做了好事而受到表扬。注意有些动词如admit，forget，remember，deny，apologize，regret，thank等以及介词after等后面的动名词可用一般式表达完成式的意义。I forgot meeting her(having met her) in the park.我忘记了曾在公园里见过她。After reading your letter，I realized I had misunderstood you

16、.在读了你的信之后，我才意识到我误解了你。.单词拼写1This story is not suitable (合适的)for young children.2In an invoice the amount (数量)of money should be written both in words and in figures.3Most people prefer organic (有机的)vegetables.4He tried to rid (摆脱)himself of debts.5He is developing (发展)into a good soldier.6The human b

17、eing struggles (斗争)with his environment.7Rumours began to circulate (传播)about his financial problems.8He equipped (装备)himself for a long journey.9The blood exports waste products from the tissues.10Grain is used for making flour.用所给动词的适当形式填空1All the boys are looking forward to going (go) forward to_

18、feed (feed) the animals.2The bird was lucky and it just missed being_caught (catch)3I always prefer to_start (start) early rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute.4Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.5While shopping women sometimes cant help being_persuad

19、ed (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary.6What made Jane so upset?Losing (lose) the ring her husband bought her for her birthday.7Once your business becomes international，flying (fly) constantly will be part of your life.8Do you think it of any use arguing (argue) with him any more？We a

20、re wasting our time trying (try) to persuade him to give up the idea.9Finding (find) a job in such a big company has always been beyond his wildest dream.10Maybe youve forgotten to_post (post) my letter.How could I？I remember putting (put) it into the letter box.短文填空I used to like to go to our local

21、 cinema.It was old and rather uncomfortable，but it was special.Now theyve stopped 1.showing (show) films there.The owner would like to go on 2.running (run) the cinema，but he couldnt afford 3.to_make (make) a lot of improvements，which would mean 4.spending (spend) tens of thousands of pounds.I remem

22、ber 5.watching (watch) the last film at the cinema.It was a murder mystery.It was five minutes before the end，and we were trying 6.to_work (work) out who was the murderer when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped.We sat in the dark for a few minutes，and then the owner appeared with

23、a torch.“I regret 7.to_tell (tell) you”，he said.“that our electricity has failed.I dont mean 8.to_disappoint (disappoint) you，but Im afraid we cant show you the end of the film.Weve tried 9.phoning (phone) the electricity company，but they say they cant help.”He went on 10.to_explain (explain) to the

24、 audience how the film ended.I didnt understand the story.But I dont regret 11.going (go) to the cinema on that last evening.句型转换1Would you mind if I stay away from the conference?Would you mind my/me staying away from the conference?2Alice was ill，which made her mother worried a lot.Alices being il

25、l made her mother worried a lot.3It was very slow to drive to the office this morning because of the traffic.Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.4I prefer him to paint the door blue.I prefer that he paint the door blue.5You must do it well whatever you do.You must

26、 do it well no matter what you do.6Dr. Yuan would work the land than do research in a big city.Dr. Yuan would work the land rather than do research in a big city.7Jane Goodall decided to live in Gombe National Park so as to make a deep study of the chimp.Jane Goodall decided to live in Gombe Nationa

27、l Park so that she could make a deep study of the chimp.8That Sunday the student came to the professor，hoping to get some advice from him.That Sunday the student came to the professor with the hope of getting some advice from him.完成句子1Dr. Yuan Longping is_still_working_his_land (仍然在耕着田地) and doing h

28、is research into hybrid rice.2She struggled_along_the_road (在公路上挣扎) to her home.3As time goes，Dr. Yuan is_getting/becoming_more_and_more_famous (变得越来越著名)4China can produce much more rice than before thanks_to/because_of_Yuan_Longpings_contributions (由于袁隆平的贡献)5Now many people are_living_a_happy_and_c

29、omfortable_life (过着幸福而舒适的生活)6If you dont work hard，you wont get what_you_wish_for/hope_for (你希望得到的)7Wuxi is_rich_in_fish_and_rice (鱼米之乡)8He kept_the_table_free_from_dirt (使餐桌不蒙上灰尘) by putting a cover over it.单项填空1I know he didnt listen to me，but I went on _ to get him _ in the project.Ato hope；inter

30、esting Bto hope；interestedChoping；interested Dhoping；interesting答案C解析go on doing sth.继续做某事；get sb. interested in.使得某人对感兴趣，interested用以修饰人。2Seeing the funny scene，I cant help _.Alaugh Bto laugh Claughing Dlaughed答案C解析cant help doing禁不住干某事。cant help (to) do不能帮助干某事，由题意可知应选C。3We look forward every sprin

31、g to _ the flowerlined garden.Awalking in Bwalk in Cvisit Dpaying a visit答案A解析look forward to盼望，期盼，其中的to为介词，后跟动名词(短语)作宾语。D项虽为doing形式，但是visit后应加介词to。4The girl said that she had never dreamt of _ a volunteer.Abe Bto be Cbeing Dis答案C解析dream of梦想；向往，介词of后应跟v.ing形式作宾语。5_，I failed in the driving test.ATo

32、my joy BTo my sadCTo my happy DTo my regret答案D解析to onesn.结构表“令某人的是”，B、C本身形式不对，另由题意可知D为正确选项。6I hear Johnson was badly injured in the earthquake._，lets go and see him.AWhats more BIf soCWhere possible DWhen necessary答案B解析whats more而且，更有甚者；where possible有可能的地方；when necessary有必要的时候；if so如果那样的话，表示如果前面的情况

33、是真的。由答语的后半句可知是要去看他，所以应选B，表示Johnson如果在地震中真的受了重伤的话。7I have to go to work on foot，for my bike needs _.Arepair Bto repair Crepairing Dbeing repaired答案C解析need作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。类似用法的词还有want，require等。8_ with the pay，the young man decided to change his job.ABeing not satisfied BNot being

34、satisfiedCNot satisfying DNot satisfied答案D解析形容词化了的过去分词作原因状语。句意为：由于对报酬不满意，那位年轻人决定换工作。9I wouldnt advise _ there by bus，because it is too crowded.Ago Bto go Cto going Dgoing答案D解析advise后的动词用doing。10In England as early as the _ century young people enjoyed _ soccer.Atwelfth；playing Btwelveth；playingCtwel

35、fth；to play Dtwelveth；to play答案A解析twelve的序数词是twelfth。enjoy后的动词用动名词形式。11What makes him so happy?_ a prize in the computer contest.ABecause of winning BFor he wonCWinning DHe won答案C解析回答what用动名词，作省略句的主语。12Do you remember _ a ruler from Betty？Dont forget _ it to her tomorrow.Aborrowing；to return Bborrow

36、ing；returningCto borrow；to return Dto borrow；returning答案A解析第一空填borrowing，表示“你还记得从Betty那里借过一把尺子吗？”；第二空填to return，表示“别忘了明天还给她。”。13By the way，when did you get your room _？Last year.Apainting Bpainted Cto paint Dto be painted答案B解析get sth. done的搭配。.阅读理解The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century

37、 involved two things：the invention of laboursaving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture.Laboursaving machinery naturally appeared first where labour was scarce：“In Europe，”said Thomas Jefferson，“the object is to take the most of their land，labour being more than enough；here it is

38、to make the most of our labor，land being more than enough.”It was in the United States，therefore，that the great advance in the nineteenth century agriculture machinery first came.At the opening of the century，with the exception of a crude plow，farmers could have carried practically all of the existi

39、ng agricultural tools on their backs；by 1860，most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form.The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.As early as 1790 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a castiron plow and spent his entire fortune

40、in introducing his invention.The farmers，however，were not interested in it，claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and weeds grew.Nevertheless，many people developed their attention to the plow，until 1869 James Oliver of South Bend，India，turned out the first chilledsteel plow.1What is the main topic

41、 of the passage?AThe need for an agriculture advance to help to feed a growing population.BThe development of a saver machinery demanded by the labor movement.CMachinery that contributed to the agriculture revolution.DNew Jersey as a leader in the agriculture revolution.答案C解析文章主要讲的是农业机械对农业的促进作用。2Whi

42、ch of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson said in the first paragraph?AEurope was changing more quickly than the United States.BEurope had greater need of farm machinery than the United States did.CThe United States was finally running out of good farmland.DThere was a shortage

43、of workers on the United States farms.答案D解析在欧洲，人多地少；然而在美国，人少地多。3Why did the farmers reject Newbolds plow?ATheir horses were frightened by it.BThey preferred lighter tools.CIt was too expensive.DThey thought it would ruin the land.答案D解析细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二句可以找到相关依据。4Which of the following inventions came

44、first?AThe chilledsteel plow. BThe castiron plow.CThe iron plow. DThe crude plow.答案D解析农业铁犁的诞生顺序应为：原始犁铁犁铸铁犁淬钢犁。.阅读填空_1_They decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods.The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events.Photos record the beauties of nature.They can also bring things close that are far away.Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the st