高中英语新人教版必修一unit4学习资料（课文原文中文翻译+重点词汇精讲精练）unit1

1、高中英语必修一学习资料(unit4)(一)THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDNJ TSLEEP地球的一个不眠之夜StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei. Forseveraldays, thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell, roseandfell. Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls. AtleastonewelIhadsomesmel1 ygascomingoutof it. Chickensandevenpig

2、sweretoonervoustoeat, anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings. Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide, andfishjumpedoutofthewater. Atabout3： 00a. m. , on28Julyl976, brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard. Butthecit y sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.地球的不

3、眠之夜河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出 现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。 老鼠跑到田外、寻找藏身之所;鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月38日波晨300左右，唐山城外的天 空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常样沉睡 在梦乡。At3： 42a. m., everythingbegantoshake. ItseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanendJElevenkilometresdirectl ybelowthecity, one

4、ofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun, aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethanl50kilometresawayinBeijing. Nearlyonethirdofthewhol enationfeltit!Ahugecrack, eightkilometreslongand30metreswide, cutacrosshouses, roads, andwaterways. Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt. Inlessthanoneminute,alargec

5、itylayinruins. Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured. Thousandsofc hildrenwereleftwithoutparents. Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake wasmorethan400, 000.凌晨3:42,万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临!在城市正下方的1千米处，20世纪伤亡 最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎 三分之一的地区均有震感!一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大

6、裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石 山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中 死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了 40万。Everywheresurvivorslooked, therewasnothingbutruins. Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed. About75percentofthecit y sfactoriesandbuildings, 90percentofitshomes, andallofitshospitalsweregone. Brick

7、scoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves, butnowindcouldblowthemaway. Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross. TheraiIwaytracks werenowuselesspiecesofmetal. Tensofthousandsofcows, hundredsofthousandsofpigs, andmi11ionsofchickensweredead. Sandnowf i1ledthewel1sinsteadofwater. Peoplewereinshock andthen,

8、laterthatafternoon, anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain. Evenmorebuildingsfelldown. Water, food, andelectricitywerehardtoget. Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；从句用wou 1 d/cou 1 d/mightdo形式(与将来的事实相反)。【即学即练】(DLookatthecloudsinthesky! It looks itisgoingtorain. Let shurryup

9、.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。(2)Hetalkstothemasifthey(be) children.他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)(3)HetalksaboutRomeasifhe(be) therebefore.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)(4)Heopenedhismouthasifhe(say) something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)答案1. asif2. were3. hadbeen4. wouldsay20.乙ing结构作结果状语(教材P54)Themostpowerfulearthquakei

10、nthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesa crossAsiayesterday, ki11ingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, andatleastfourothercountries.在过去的四十年里，最强大的地震引发的一次海啸在昨日撞向亚洲的海岸线，使印尼、印度、 泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家的6500多人丧生。ki 11 ingmorethan6, 500people.为匕 ing 结构作结果状语。(1)现在分词作结果状语常表示

11、意料之内、情理之中的结果。(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。【即学即练】(Dlhavelearnedyouaretryingtoloseweight,tobecomemorebeautiful.我得知你在努力减肥，希望变得更漂亮。(2)Herparentsdiedintheearthquake,(leave) heranorphan.她父母死于地震，使她成为孤儿。(3)Hehurriedtothetheatre, only(find) thattheticketshadbeensoldout.他赶到剧院，却发现票已经卖完工答案1. hoping2. Ieaving3. tof ind

12、bedoingsth. when.正在做某事这时(教材 P54) Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedf i 1 lingmyhome.我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开始充满了水。when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：bedoing. . when.正在做，就在这时beabouttodo. when.正要做,就在这时hadjustdone. when.刚做过这时【即学即练】Theman downs tairswhentheearthquakehappened.这个男人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了

13、。We(have) ameetingwhensomeonebrokein.当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。(3)Ihadjustcomeoutofthekitchen someoneknockedatthedoor.我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。Wewereabouttosetout itbegantorain.我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。答案1. wassleeping2. werehaving3. when4. when10幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有 的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥

14、梁不是 坍塌了，就是无法平安通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块;数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都 死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近黄昏时分，又一次强烈的地震 撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续 多久。Buthopewasnotlost. Soonafterthequakes, thearmysentl50,OOOsoldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead. MorethanlO, OOOdoctorsandnursescametoprovid

15、emedicalcare. WorkersbuiItsheltersforsurvivorswhosehom eshadbeendestroyed. Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped. Waterandfoodwerebroughtinto thecitybytrain, truck, andplane. Slowly, thecitybegantobreatheagain.然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了 15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中 抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，教死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸 存者盖起

16、了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。 慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet. Withstrongsupportfromthegover nmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity? speople, anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins. Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmi llionpeople, withgreatimprovem

17、entsintransportation, industry, andenvironment. TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster, peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新 的唐山在废坡中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家，交通、工业和环境都得到 了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然

18、灾害中，人类必须数力同心，保持积极乐观的 心态和重建家园的决心。ReadingforWritingTSUNAMIHITSASIA:0VER6, 500DEAD海啸袭击亚洲：6500多人死亡ByRobertWoodhouseMonday, 27December2004罗伯特伍德侯斯2004年12月27日，星期一Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlines acrossAsiayesterday, ki11ingmorethan6, 500peopleinIndonesia, Ind

19、ia, Thailand, Malaysia, an datleastfourothercountries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, andcarsweresweptawaybyhug ewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9. 0. Theunderseaquakestruckar ound7:00a. m. , SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia sSumatralsland. Inthatareaalone, atleas tl,870p

20、eoplewereki1led.过去40年来最强烈的地震昨日引发了冲击亚洲各地海岸线的海啸，导致印尼、印度、泰国、 马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6500多人死亡。渔民、游客、旅馆、房屋和汽车被高达9.0级的强 烈地震所引发的巨浪卷走了0周日上午7点左右，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸发生了海底地震C 仅在该地区，就至少有1870人遇难。InSriLanka, somel, 600kilometreswestofthequakecentre, thenumberofdeathsstoodat2, 498 ,andonemi11ionmorewereaffectedbythetsunami, gover

21、nmentofficialssaid. Indianofficialssa idasmanyasl, 900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast. Another254werefounddeadinThailanda nd54inthreeothercountries. InsouthernThailand, 1, 900peoplewerehurtandmanymoreweremissi ng, localofficialssaid. Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillin gm

22、yhome. Wehadtoleaveeverythingandruntosafety, “ saidChandraTheeravit, alocalThaiwoman.政府官员说，在地震中心以西约1600公里处的斯里兰卡，死亡人数为2498人，另有100万 人受到海啸的影响。印度官员说，南部沿海地区有多达1900人丧生。另有254人死于泰国，其他 三个国家那么有54人死亡。当地官员说，在泰国南部，有1900人受伤，还有更多的人失踪。一位 当地泰国女子ChandraTheeravit说：“当水开始灌满我的家时，我和我的三个孩子在一起吃早餐。 我们不得不放弃一切，逃到平安的地方。”Thousan

23、dsofpeoplearestillmissing, andthenumberofdeathsisexpectedtogrowevenhighero verthenextfewdays. Foreignaidisbeingorganisedforthetsunami-hitcountries. However, dange rousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.目前仍有数千人失踪，预计在未来几天死亡人数将进一步增加。目前(人们)正在为受海啸袭 击的国家组织外援。但是，危险的条件和损坏的道

24、路将使其难以运送食物和供应品。rescue/?. &vt.援救；营救(教材 P48)Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoinginthef loodhitarea?救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么?_cometo/gotosb. srescue = rescuesb. 援救某人rescue. from.把从营救出来【即学即练】(DWhenweweretrappedintheruins, thesoldierscametoour.当我们被困在废墟中时，土兵们赶来救援。(2)Atmidnightwef inally(rescue) thetouristswh

25、oweretrappedinthevalley.午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。(3)Thef iref ightersrescuedf ivechildren theburninghouseyes terday.昨天，消防人员把5个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。答案1. rescue2. rescued3. fromdamage rf,损害；破坏.损坏；损失(教材 P48)WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首尔哪些建筑被毁？(1)对造成损害(2)damageone, shealth损害某人的健康【即学即练】Thi scoul dcauseserious

26、 toourenvironment.这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。Asweallknow, smokingcan. (damage?.)=11 i swe 11 known that smok i ngcan. (damage vt.)众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健展答案1. damage2. do/causedamagetoourhealthdamageourhealthaffects 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(佳句背诵)AsfarasI mconcerned, followingothers, advicewithoutthinkingwillaffectourowndecisi

27、on.在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。(l)affectsb. /sth.影响某人/某事bedeeplyaffectedby 被深深打动(2)effect/7.作用；影响haveaneffecton 对产生影响【即学即练】(DThedi seasei sbeginningto hiseyesight.疾病开始侵袭他的视力。AsfarasI mconcerned, stayinguplateeverydayiscertain(affect) yourh ealthseriously.就我而言，每天熬夜一定会严重影响你的健康。(3)(affect) bythemovings

28、tory, heburstintotears.受这个感人故事的影响,他哭了起来。(4)Asweallknow, smokinghasabad ourhealth.众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有不好的影响。答案1. affect2. toaffect3. Affected4. effectonruin/7.废墟；毁灭屋.毁灭；使破产(教材 P50) Inlessthanoneminute, alargecity lay inruins.不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。(l)be/lieinruins成为废墟；毁灭fallintoruins成为废墟；破败不堪(2)ruinone shope/cha

29、nce使某人的希望破灭/机会丧失ruinoneself自我毁灭【即学即练】(DTheancient tempi ehasbeen andneedsrepairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。(2)Drunkdrivingnotonlyruined(he) butalsokilledseveralpassersby. 醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。(3)Heavysmoking(ruin) yourhealth, soyoushouldgiveupsmoking. 吸烟过量损害健康，因此你应该戒烟。答案1. inruins2. himself3. ruinsshock/?

30、,震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊(教材P5o)Peoplewereinshockandthen, laterthatafternoon, anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们都很震惊一一然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。(l)beashockto.使吃惊shocked/：震惊的；惊讶的beshockedat/by 对吃惊beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃惊shocking8令人震惊的 【即学即练】Hi ss i tuat ionwasagreat tousal 1.他的处境使我们大家都大漏一Thenews(shock)th

31、epublic, leadingtogreatconcernaboutstudents safetyatschool. 这个消息使公众震惊,导致了对在校学生平安的担忧。Weare(shock) thatsomanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake. 我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。(4)Thenewsofhissuddendeathisso thateveryoneisverymuchshockedatit. (shock)他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊,毛运铺不人听到时都感到很震惊。答案1. shock2. shocked3. shocke

32、d4. shockingtrapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes, thearmysentl50, OOOsoldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappe dandtoburythedead.地震发生后不久，军队派遣了 15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。fallintoatrap 落入圈套betrappedin困在中；陷在中trapsb. into (doing) sth.诱使某人做某事【即学即练】(Dlfyouchoosethisway, you relikelytofallin

33、toa.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。(DTherewasapowerfailure, they(trap) inthelift.停电了，他们被困在电梯里。(3)Byc leverquest ioningtheytrappedhim tellingthetruth.他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。答案1. Trap2. weretrapped3. intobury rt,埋藏；掩埋；隐藏(佳句背诵)Eversincehemovedthere, hehasbeenburiedinhisresearchwork.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。(l)bury. in.把埋到里bu

34、ryone sfaceinhands 双手掩面(2)埋头于；专心于，沉浸于【即学即练】 She herfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个坏消息时,她掩面而泣。Inthepastthreeweeks, wehavebeenburying(we) instudybecausetheexamisdrawin gnear.在过去的三周里，我们一直专心于学习，因为考试即将到来。(bury) inhisstudy, hedidn tknowthatalltheothershadleft.=(bury)himselfinhisstudy, h

35、edidn, tknowthatalltheothershadleft.= Becausehe(bury) inhisstudy, hedidn tknowthatalltheothershadleft. 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。答案1. buried2. ourselves3. BuriedBuryingwasburiedeffort?.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P5o)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsoftheeity, speople, anewTan gshanwasbuiltuponthee

36、arthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事【即学即练】(Dldobel ievethatal lyour wi 1 Ipayof f sooneror later.我确实相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。AsfarasI mconcerned, youshouldmakeagreatereffort(study)hard. 依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。(3)Iflamluckyenoughtobegivensuchagoodchance,Iwi

37、 11 sparenoeffort(finish) thetask.如果我足够幸运被给予这样一个好机会,我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。答案1. efforts2. tostudy3. tofinishsuffer 遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材 PsJWhatkindofheIpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？ 一sufferfrom患病；因而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饥挨冻sufferlosses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦suffering?. 苦难

38、，痛苦sufferer?.受难者【即学即练】Asfaraslknow, hehasever aseriousillness.据我所知，他曾患有严重的丽氤 Thecompany asaresultoftheaccident.由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。 Even if he alotof difficulties, henevergavein.尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈服。(4)Deathfinallybroughtanendtoher(suffer).死亡最终结束了她的痛苦(遭受)。答案1. sufferedfrom2. sufferedagreat_loss3. suffere

39、dfrom4. sufferingsupply,供应(量)；补给；夕补给品供应；供给(教材P52)Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。school/medicalsupplies 学校用品/医疗用品(2)supplysth. tosb.为某人提供某物supplysb. withsth.为某人提供某物【即学即练】(DThewater hasbeencutoffbecausetheworkersarerepairingthemainpipe

40、s.因工人们在修主要管道，水资源供应被切断。(2)TheInternetsuppliesalotof information useveryday.因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。(3)Thereisnoneedtoworry. Wecansupplyyou whateveryouneed.=Therei snoneedtoworry. Wecansupp 1 ywhateveryouneed you.没有必要担忧，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。答案L supply2. to3. withtosurvive 生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过(教材 P52) She sfeedingthebabyw

41、hosurvivedtheearthquake.她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。AsurviveB(by).A比B活得长surviveon依靠生存下来survivefrom从存活下来，流传下来survivors. 幸存者survival/?. U幸存；C残存物【即学即练】(DOfthesixpeopleinjuredintheterribleaccident, onlytwo.在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。(2)Thetravelertrappedinthelonelyislandsurvived thef ishcaughtinthesea.被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼

42、生存了不Somestrangecustomshavesurvived earliertimes.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的Theoldladyhassurvivedallhers is tersandbrothers tenyears.那位老妇人比她所有的兄弟姐妹晚去世10年。答案1. survived2. on3. from4. bypower?,能力；力量；权力(佳句背诵)Asisknowntous, knowledgeispower.众所周知I,知识就是力量。havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力cometopower上台；执政(动作)be inpower执政；掌

43、权(状态)beyondone spower力所不能及的powerful强有力的【即学即练】(l)Therewasatimewhenthegirl lost the ofspeech.曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。(2)Itistwoyearssincethepartycametopower.= Thepart y f ortwoyears.这个政党执政两年了。(3)Iti s t of inishthetaskintwohours.两个小时结束这项工作，超出了我的能力范围。Idobelievethatencouragementisso(power) thatitcanchangeapers

44、 on.我相信鼓励是如此强大，它可以改变一个人。答案1. power2. hasbeeninpower3. beyondmypower4. powerfulcalm/t. 以二(使)平静；(使)镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的(佳句背诵)Iwonderifyoucanhelpmetocalmthelittleboydown.不知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。calmdown平静下来calmsb. down使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来keepcalm保持镇静【即学即练】(DTheexcitedfootballfans atlast.激动的足球迷们最终平静了”； thereisnoneed

45、tofeelupsetaboutit.让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。(3)Itisimportantto infaceofdanger.在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。答案1. calmeddown2. Calmyourselfdown3. keepcalm13.aid/7. &vt.帮助；援助；资助(佳句背诵)Icouldn tspeakanyFrench, butanicemancametomyaidandtoldmewheretogo.我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。(1)givefirstaidtosb.对某人急救withtheaidof在的帮助下com

46、etoone said来帮助某人) aidsb. in (doing) sth.帮助某人(做)某事aidsb. withsth.以某事/物帮助某人aidsb. todosth.帮助某人做某事【即学即练】(DWiththeaidofourteachers, welearnedhowtoperform.在老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。I dbeverygratefulifyoucanaidme myEnglish.如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感藏(3)Heissokindaboythatheoftenaidshismother(clean) thehouse. 他是一个如此善良的男孩，他

47、经常帮助他的母亲清扫房三答案1. f irstaid2. with3. tocleanwave?.波浪,波涛；挥手兀波动；起伏；挥手(教材 P5i)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9. 0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和 汽车都被9级地震引起的巨浪卷走了。wavegoodbyetosb.向某人挥手告别向某人挥手【即学即练】(DSherefusedmysuggestionwitha ofherhand.

48、她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。(2)Hegaveusawaveasthebusdroveoff.= Hewaved usasthebusdroveoff.公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。(3)Thepolicemanwavedtothedriver(stop).警察挥手示意司机停车(停止)。答案L wave2. to3. tostopstriker/. &vt. (struck； struck/stricken);撞击；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住； (钟)敲;侵袭.罢工一词多义写出以下句中strike的含义【即学即练】(l)Thec locks trucktwelvewhenlgothome lastnight.(2)AterribleearthquakedidstrikethenortheastofJapanonMarchl1.(3)AgoodideastruckmewhenIwasreadingthenewspaper.ThevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake.(1)bestruckby