电工与电子技术电子商务电子课件数据与计算英文版Ch1 Computation Systemppt

1、电子课件数据与计算英文版Ch1 Computation SystemChapter 1Computing System2020.8数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOverviewComputer SystemComputer historyComputer ModelsComputer CompositionOperating SystemNetworkData and Informationreview数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIComputation SystemComputation System = Computer + Da

2、ta数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEI1.1 Computer SystemQuestion 1Whats the computer？Question 2Whats Can Do？（and How to do？）Question 3Whats in the computer？数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIThe GoalOff-TopicAdvanced Education，IncludeLearn the knowledge of computerUnderstanding computer technology how affects

3、:Society, Business, Communication, Scientific Research, Human Life Internet Change the WorldThe Method and Process of Computer ProcessingScientific Quality Personal AbilityStudy the computer Science:Magic, Interesting, Abstract, Difficult数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEI1.1.1 DevicesDesktop，PC, laptopM

4、ainBoxDisplayKeyboardMouse 数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEImobile terminal 数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIComputerThe worlds strongest supercomputer数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIcomputer- Mainframe数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIComputerVon John Neumann ：Auto Computing SystemComputer System：hardware + so

5、ftware数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEI数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIServerPCNotebookLaptopPadSmartphoneProgram and SoftwareSoftwareProgramSystem SoftwareApplication SoftwareSoftware: Except HardwareDocuments、App, Language数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIHistory- HardwareFirst Generation, Electronic vacuu

6、m tubeENIAC数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIHistory- HardwareSecond Generation: TransistorMatch stickTypical IBM7094数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIMoores Law： Fun FactsThe number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every 24 months.Gordon Moore, Intel co-founderFrom 数据与计算 Edit

7、ion 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIHistory-HardwareThird Generation: IC(SSL)主板数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIPersonal ComputerProgramming paradigmOperating SystemHistory -SoftwareHigh LanguageBinary01010001assembly数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIComputer ModelModel：Abstract，FunctionalityBlack Box数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of

8、 ZJu，PHEIComputer modelData Processor with Program 数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIComputer ModelModern Computer-Von Neumann Model数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIVon Neumann ComputerFive PartsALU，Controller，Memory，Input, OutputALU + Controller CPU(Central Processing Unit) Other Harvard ArchitectureSepar

9、ate storage of program and dataparallel processingAssembly lineBinarySame Format: Data and Program code in Storage Program Storage PrincipleProgram code have be storage before run itProgram code is finite in length数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEI数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIProcessor SystemCPU（Proces

10、sor）VLSI(Vary large Scale Integrated Circuits)， High IntegrationMulti-Core- Multiple Processors in one chipMain frequency ：HzWords：CPUs Binary Length of Transmission and ProcessingCISC and RISC数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIMemory System数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEI内存（Memory）外存（Storage）功能特点特点功能运行程序（

11、易失性）速度很快速度很慢存储程序和数据(持久性)容量小容量大价格贵价格便宜体积小体积大/较大Memory and StorageInternal and External Structure Memory：run programStorage： Save data and program codeByte modeByte，8bit, Basic length of computerMemory Size：KB，MB，GBPrincipleCPU: input date and code from storage to memory and run programRun over，Save t

12、he result and data From Memory to Storage数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEImemoryRun programRAM(Random Access Memory)Call the memory to RAMROM：Read Only MemoryFlash MemoryU Disk，Technology of Solid State Hard Disk数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIMemory System-External Genius DesignTrade-off between speed a

13、nd capacity ： High cost performance ratioconsumer goodsExternal StorageInterface to CPU and MemoryHard Disk，SSDMagnetic track ：Save DataSection: The unit of Storage数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEICache- Great TechnologySystematic speed differences CPU Fast，Memory Slowly, Storage More slowlyPerformance

14、 bottleneckPrinciple of Space-time LimitationIf CPU accesses Some area of memory, It will acesses again or nearby areaUse Cache数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIInput/OutputPort (connection)Interface(buffer)PC PortNotebook PortUSB Port数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIUSB： Another great technologyUniversal

15、Serial Busstandards for peripheralsConnect all digital products and devicesPlug-and-Play(PnP)USB Standards:USB 2.0： 60MB/sUSB 3.0： 500MB/s数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIBoot Power OnBIOSBasic Input and Output System3. OS数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOSOperating SystemThe Core of SoftwareEnvironment、P

16、latform、Ecology-Very ImportantUsed OSWindows，MacOSiOS , Android UNIX/Luinx/BSDDefineScheduling computer resourcesHelp user数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOS-Function数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOS Design GoalMainframe OSPerformance and resource utilizationPCUser-friendly computerMobile DeviceUsabilit

17、yEmbedded systems (e.g. electrical appliances, automobiles)Easy: Users choose to turn on or offView From ComputerScheduling and Help数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOSHardware resource：CPU、Memory、Storage、Devices、Interface、CacheSoftware resourceIncalculable: such as App 4.5Million in ChinaOS is Large an

18、d complexWindows10: 50 million lines of codeSchedulingHardware and Software ResourceGoalEffective use of resources数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEICPU ScheduleCalled CPU manager、Processing ManagerAllocation of time slices for every programCPU run programs one by oneCPU FastLooks like running at the sam

19、e timeMulti-taskWindows taskmgrDemonstration Apple：Activity Monitor数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIMemory ScheduleCalled Memory ManagerProgram: Loaded to memory Only requiredAllocation memory size for every ProgramTracker in memory of every program: Location, the number of memory bytesFeatureThe Progr

20、ams in memory are dynamic：Ensure that each program has available spaceIf Memory insufficient, Use CacheStrict memory protection数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIDevices ManagerUnified managementWindow Integrity: Program displayInput from Keyboard and Mouse，Converting data to program usage and Transfer t

21、o programDevice Driver：Device operates by itselfDisk MangerFile System数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIMulti-System and Virtual MachineMulti-SystemMulti-OS in a computerMonsterWork for other OS-VM数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOS StructureKernel：Direct Operating HardwareShell：User InterfaceGUI（Graphic U

22、ser Interface）数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIOS-File SystemUser：Most Important Just is File Data and Program Abstract representationAn understandable Data formFileSequential collections in Storage，and have the NameFile SystemThe Set of all Files，andOS Files ManagementAccess By File NameWindows File E

23、xtendThe Type of File数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIWindows 文件扩展名扩展名文件类型扩展名文件类型.exe可执行（程序）文件.docWord文档文件.com命令（程序）文件.docxMS Office高版本文档文件.bat批(处理)文件，可执行.xls, .xlsxExcel工作簿文件.sys系统文件.ppt, .pptxPowerPoint演示文稿文件.cC语言源程序文件.javaJava语言源程序文件.txt文本文件.obj目标文件也可以是文本型的脚本文件，通常是编程语言或命令集数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEINetworkConnect Two Computers0101010101100011111Share the Resource数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEIInternet and WebInternetLargest Network In the WorldOpenness: Host in InternetRich resourcesVirtual SocietyWeb(万维网)WWW，WebInformation Service Hypertexts(超文本)Brows数据与计算 Edition 4，CS of ZJu，PHEID