2023版高考英语一轮总复习第2部分基础语法讲练专题1词法篇第9讲构词法(词性转化)课件

1、专题一词法篇第9讲构词法(词性转化)高考感知1(2021全国新高考卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _(undoubted) help you get refreshed!【答案与解析】1undoubtedly考查词性转化。修饰动词help作状语，用副词。2(2021全国新高考卷)I told him how _ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to con

2、sider using more eco-friendly options. 【答案与解析】2harmful考查词性转化。told him后面是一个从句，名词plastic是这个从句的主语，需要用形容词来修饰。故填harmful。3(2021全国新高考卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _(day) rou

3、tines.【答案与解析】3daily考查词性转化。空格处前面有形容词性物主代词，后面有名词routines，因此这里需要用形容词形式，修饰后面的名词。故填daily。4(2021全国新高考卷)Provide _(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【答案与解析】4financial考查词性转化。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid; finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。5(2020全国卷)As the small boat move

4、d, _ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.【答案与解析】5gently考查词性转化。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。6(2020天津卷改编)According to Professor Johnson, we dont have to read the book if we dont want to, as

5、it is _(option)【答案与解析】6optional考查词性转化。句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。 根据“we dont have to read the book if we dont want to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是“可选择的”。故填optional。7(2020全国卷)Filled with_(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【答案与解析】7curiosity考查词性转化。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosi

6、ty作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。8(2020江苏卷改编)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _(transform)【答案与解析】8transformation考查词性转化。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。根据前文“The health security systems”可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故填transformation。考情分析1考查副词。在句子中修饰动词或形容词等作状语。2考查形容词。一般考查在句子中作定语修饰名词，或者作表语。

7、3考查名词。作主语或者在及物动词、介词的后面作宾语。考点突破考点一名词与其他词类的词形转化1动词变名词的后缀(1)-al 表示人、物、行为(特殊：去e-al)：approve 赞成approval 赞成survive 幸存survival 幸存arrive 到达arrival 到达refuse 拒绝refusal 拒绝propose 提议proposal 提议；建议(2)-ance/-ence 表示性质、状态或行为appear 出现appearance 出现；外貌perform 表演performance 表演exist 存在existence 存在prefer 较喜欢preference 偏

8、爱refer 参考；查阅reference 参考；查阅depend 依靠dependence 依赖；依靠guide 指引guidance 引导；指导(3)-ion/-tion/-ation 表示状态或行为direct 指挥；指导direction 方向；指导expect 期待expectation 期待；期望explain 解释explanation 解释invite 邀请invitation 邀请；请柬solve 解决solution 解决compete 竞争competition 比赛；竞争pronounce 发音pronunciation 发音describe 描述description

9、 描写repeat 重复repetition 重复(4)-s(s)ion 表示行为或状态discuss 讨论discussion 讨论admit 承认admission 承认；准许加入decide 决定decision 决定(5)-ing 具有(特征)的hear 听到hearing 听力；听觉listen 听listening 听；听力begin 开始beginning 开始部分(6)-ment 表示行为、结果等achieve 达到；完成achievement 成就develop 发展development 发展(去e)argue 争论argument 争论；论据(7)-ure/-ture 表

10、示行为或状态fail 失败failure 失败press 压；挤pressure 压力mix 混合mixture 混合物expose 暴露exposure 面临；暴露(8)-y 表示的动作(或过程)recover 恢复recovery 恢复；痊愈discover 发现discovery 发现(9)其他常见变化：choose 选择choice 选择vary 相异variety 多样化；品种tend 倾向tendency 趋向；趋势grow 生长growth 生长marry 结婚marriage 婚姻carry 搬carriage 客车厢；运输pack 收拾(行李)package 包；盒post

11、邮寄postage 邮资；邮费store 贮存storage 贮存2形容词变名词的后缀(1)-age表示状态或状况、数量或费用short短的shortage不足；短缺(2)-cy 表示性质、状态fluent 流利fluency 流利；流畅accurate 准确的accuracy 准确(性)private 私有的privacy 隐私efficient 效率高的efficiency 效率(3)-dom 表示地位、状况等free 自由的freedom 自由wise 明智的wisdom 智慧(4)-ness 表示性质、状态dark 黑的darkness 黑暗weak 虚弱的weakness 虚弱kin

12、d 友好的kindness 善良cold 寒冷的coldness 冷淡；冷漠aware 知道的；意识到的awareness 知道；意识(5)-th 表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm 温暖的warmth 温暖true 真的truth 真相deep 深的depth 深(度)strong 强壮的strength 力量long 长的length 长度wide 宽的width 宽度(6)-y/-ity 表示性质或状态difficult 困难的difficulty困难honest 诚实的honesty 诚实safe 安全的safety 安全cruel 残忍的cruelty 残忍responsible 负

13、责的responsibility 责任(7)-ent变为-ence，-ant变为-ance，-nd变为-nsedifferent 不同的difference 不同(之处)silent 沉默的；不说话的silence 寂静respond 回应response 响应patient 有耐心的patience 耐心absent 缺席的absence 缺席present 出席的presence 出席confident 自信的confidence 信心convenient 方便的convenience 便利important 重要的importance 重要(性)defend防御defense/defen

14、ce 防御考点二形容词、副词后缀1名词或动词转化为形容词的规律类别例词词尾加-y cloudcloudy, lucklucky, healthhealthy, sleepsleepy词尾加-(e)d giftgifted, talenttalented, advanceadvanced类别例词词尾加-ful/-lessmeaningmeaningful/meaningless, carecareful/careless, helphelpful/helpless, harmharmful/harmless, homehomeless, colourcolourful, useuseful/us

15、eless, thankthankful, peacepeaceful词尾加-ablecomfortcomfortable, knowledgeknowledgeable, acceptacceptable, respectrespectable类别例词词尾加-ousdangerdangerous, couragecourageous, humourhumorous词尾-ce变为-tconfidenceconfident, differencedifferent词尾加-almusicmusical, personpersonal, nationnational, educationeducat

16、ional, traditiontraditional类别例词词尾加-lyfriendfriendly, weekweekly, lovelovely词尾加-enwoodwooden, woolwoolen其他常见变化energyenergetic, foolfoolish, pleasurepleasant/pleased, sciencescientific以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sunsunny, funfunny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noisenoisy, iceicy等)动词词尾加-iveattractattractive，p

17、reventpreventive2区分-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人”(-ing)，还是“感到”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。具体如下：(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)The man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。(人本身或人的性格有趣)(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的”，强调

18、人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，appearance(外貌)，cry(哭)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a pleased smile意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)He told me the news in a very excited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a very excited voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因

19、感到激动而发出的声音)3形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词形容词后缀-lyclearclearly, greatgreatly，loudloudly, suddensuddenly, sinceresincerely以辅音字母y结尾的形容词，把y变为i再加-lyhappyhappily, heavyheavily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, noisynoisily类别例词词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加-yterribleterribly，possiblepossibly, gentlegently, probableprobably, comfortabl

20、ecomfortably，responsibleresponsibly，suitablesuitably类别例词词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加-lytruetruly词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-yfullfully, dulldully词尾为ic的形容词，直接加-allybasicbasically, scientificscientifically, specificspecifically, automaticautomatically, energeticenergetically 技巧点拨语法填空解题“2策略”1利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，要考虑名词

21、形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；如果作状语，要想到用副词。2根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。对点特训.单句语法填空1It is _(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.2Mary was very_ at the news，so she looked _ at her husband，her eyes f

22、ull of _.(sad)【答案】1illegal2sad；sadly；sadness3He _ football very well and he was one of the best_ in yesterdays football match.(play)4Look! How_ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the_ girl in the world.(happy)【答案】3played；players4happily；happiest5To our_，the headmaster was very_ with our report.(satis

23、fy)6Edison was a great_.During his life he had many _.(invent)7His identity is _(know)to us so we have to confirm.【答案】5satisfaction；satisfied6inventor；inventions7unknown8I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it.(simple)9Jim is _(patient) with his little sister who is so noisy.10The_(expect) dea

24、th of her son made her sad.【答案】8simplify；simpler/simple9impatient10unexpected.语法填空As more and more Chinese tourists travel abroad，some of their behaviors are 1_(surprise)According to the latest Living Social survey，Chinese 2_(tourist) were recently ranked second behind US citizens in a survey of the 3_(bad) travellers.【答案】1surprising2tourists3worstA researcher said that Ch