2023版高考英语一轮总复习第2部分基础语法讲练专题1词法篇第5讲形容词和副词课件

1、专题一词法篇第5讲形容词和副词高考感知1(2021全国新高考卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _(hot) the spring! 【答案与解析】1undoubtedly; hotter考查副词和形容词。根据

2、第一个空格后面的“help you”，这里要用副词修饰这个动词help，故填undoubtedly。根据句中的“the colder the temperature gets”可知，在由that引导的表语从句中有一个“the形容词比较级， the形容词比较级”的结构，表示“气温越寒冷，春天越炎热”。故填hotter。2(2021全国新高考卷)I told him how _ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so_

3、 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.【答案与解析】2harmful; excited考查形容词。根据空格后面的名词plastic，结合分析句子结构可知，在这个省略了that的宾语从句中，主语为plastic，因此其前面要用形容词修饰它。故填harmful。so是副词，根据前面的was可知，这里要用形容词，作其表语，修饰“I”。故填excited。3(2021全国新高考卷)After spending

4、 some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _(good) than to ride on a piece of history!【答案与解析】3better考查形容词比较级。根据空格后面的than可知，这里要用比较级。故填better。4(2021全国新高考卷)Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. Prov

5、ide _ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【答案与解析】4financial考查形容词。根据空格后面的“aid and other benefits”可知，这里要用形容词修饰后面的名词aid。故填financial。5(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is _ (extreme) challenging.【答案与解析】5extremely考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。

6、6(2020全国卷改编)Today I tried cooking a _ (simply) dish myself.【答案与解析】6simple考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语。故填simple。7(2020全国卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office._(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.

7、【答案与解析】7Certainly考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。8(2020全国卷)The_(beauty) long branches covered with pink-coloured buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.【答案与解析】8beautiful考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。9(2020全国卷改编)Im _(surel

8、y) youll have a good time.【答案与解析】9sure考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。10(2020全国卷改编)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, _ that we can practice together every day.【答案与解析】10so考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故填so。考情分析1考查形容词和副词的基本用法；2考查形容词或副词比较等级的

9、用法；3考查词类转换。考点突破考点一形容词、副词的比较级和最高级(一)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节的词一般情况下直接加-er或-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest构成例词原级比较级最高级以e结尾的单音节词和少数以ble结尾的双音节词加-r或-stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面只有一个元音的词，双写辅音字母后再加-er或-estfatfatterfattestthinthinne

10、rthinnesthothotterhottest构成例词原级比较级最高级以“辅音字母-y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加-er或-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest构成例词原级比较级最高级其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more或mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopulareffi

11、cientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently不规则变化原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbad，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest考点二形容词、副词比较级的用法(一)原级的用法1“as形容词/副词原级as”与“notas/so形容词/副词原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。He doesnt run so/as fast as hi

12、s younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。(二)比较级的用法1“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less多音节形容词/副词原级than”结构表示“一方不及另一方”。The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。2“the形容词/副词比较级，the形容词/副词比较级”表示“越，就越”。The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.机器人与人类交流得越多，它学会的就越多。3“形容词/副词比较级and形容词/副

13、词比较级”表示“越来越”。It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.冬天来了，天气越来越冷。4“the形容词/副词比较级of the two名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较的”。Mike is the taller of the two boys.迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。5形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等来修饰。It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the or

14、iginal asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。(三)最高级的用法1表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗的脸了。2“one of the最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”。This is one of the most importan

15、t events in modern history.这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。(四)倍数表达法倍数表达法例句A谓语倍数形容词/副词比较级(名词)thanBThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。倍数表达法例句A谓语倍数as形容词/副词原级asBThis restaurant wasnt half as good as that other restaurant we wen

16、t to.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。倍数表达法例句A谓语倍数the名词(size, length, height, weight等)ofBWhen you study the local map, youll find this town is twice the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。A谓语倍数thatofBA谓语倍数what从句The output of this year is three times that of 2018The output of this year is three ti

17、mes what it was in 2018今年的产量是2018年的三倍。考点三形容词和副词的词形变化(一)动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词-ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的enjoyenjoyable令人愉快的valuevaluable有价值的knowledgeknowledgeable有知识的relyreliable可依赖的后缀例词-albenefitbeneficial有益的musicmusical音乐的origino

18、riginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的centercentral中央的；中心的naturenatural自然的；天生的formformal正式的nationnational全国的后缀例词-fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的carecareful细心的useuseful有用的successsuccessful成功的helphelpful有帮助的后缀例词-edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused感到困惑的puzzlep

19、uzzled感到迷惑的worryworried感到担心的borebored感到厌倦的exciteexcited激动的；兴奋的underlineunderlined加下划线的balancebalanced均衡的后缀例词-ingsurprisesurprising令人惊讶的 convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的worryworrying令人担心的boreboring令人厌烦的-ibleaccessaccessible 容易达到的terrorterrible可怕的horrorhorrible恐怖的后缀例词-iveactactive积极的；活跃的e

20、ffecteffective有效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的instructinstructive有教育意义的expenseexpensive昂贵的-ouscontinuecontinuous 持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious谨慎的curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的后缀例词-sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的-ytastetasty 美味的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的di

21、rtdirty脏的rainrainy有雨的sunsunny阳光明媚的cloudcloudy阴天的后缀例词-erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern西方的；向西的-ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的-icsciencescientific 科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric(有关)历史的；历史学的-aryimagineimaginary想象中的(二)表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有：dis, il, im, in, ir, mi

22、s, un, less等。前/后缀例词illegal adj.合法的illegal adj.不合法的inconvenient adj.方便的inconvenient adj.不方便的irregular adj.有规律的irregular adj.没规律的unwilling adj.乐意的unwilling adj.不乐意的lessuseful adj.有用的useless adj.无用的(三)形容词变副词的方法1一般在形容词的词尾加-ly将其变成副词。如：quickquickly，slowslowly，loudloudly，suddensuddenly等。2一些以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，要

23、把y改为i，再加-ly。如：happyhappily，angryangrily，luckyluckily，heavyheavily，noisynoisily等。3有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e再加-y。如：possiblepossibly，terribleterribly等。4少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。目前我们到高中阶段仅见过truetruly，wholewholly。其余的以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。如：politepolitely，widewidely等。5以-l结尾的形容词要在词尾加-ly，以ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加-y。如：usualusually，

24、carefulcarefully，usefulusefully，fullfully等。技巧点拨语法填空解题“3策略”1利用提示词(1)看到提示词在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语，或在宾语后作宾补，要想到用形容词；(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子作状语时，要想到用副词。2利用标志词(1)若是两者之间相比，且空格后有than, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级；(2)and, or, but等并列连词连接的平行结构，如果其中之一是比较级，要想到另一并列成分也应用比较级；(3)注意使用比较等级的固定搭配或句型，如：the比较级， the比较级the最高级标志性词语或从句3利用修饰语(1)

25、看到修饰语much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等以及百分数，要想到比较级；(2)看到修饰语by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等，要想到最高级。对点特训.单句语法填空1A few years ago when I was in Vietnam, I was_ (complete) surprised at the number of advertisements about products from multination

26、al companies, many of them American.2The Amber Room, an _(amaze) treasure, which was decorated with gold and jewels, was made of several tons of selected amber.【答案】1completely2amazing3How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computersincluding your photos, your recent documentsno long

27、er _(access)?4The mother goose watched _(patient) as Givens saved the little bird.【答案】3accessible4patiently5_(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.6This was the basis for claims that eating soil might make it _(easy) for the body to excrete(排泄) fat than t

28、aking slimming pills.【答案】5Recently6easier7Wood became very expensive and hard to get，so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their _(value) wood，or learn how to use it better.8China has splendid culture with a long history.Chinese opera is one of the_(old) dramatic art forms in the world.

29、9Once a_(rely) communication path was in place，Change 4 could send back information.10The story may go back to the American Civil War or even _(early)【答案】7valuable8oldest9reliable10earlier.写作运用1这是一个相当有趣的故事，我想告诉我的朋友们。_2这是一次令人疲惫的旅行。_【答案】1This is a very interesting story，which I want to share with my f

30、riends.2This is a tiring journey.3听到这个悲惨的消息时，我们大吃一惊。_4你的择友标准是令人遗憾的。_【答案】3We are surprised when we heard the sad news.4Your choice of friends is most regrettable.5他关心别人胜过关心自己。_6你认识的人越多，你必须要见他们的时间就越少。_【答案】5He is more concerned about others than about himself.6The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.语法填空(形容词和副词为主)Money and love dont usuall