蒙大英语国家-英国概况教案02 British Government System

1、Lecture TwoBritish Government System (By Wang Yan)Main points:Government SystemMonarch ConstitutionElectionPolitical PartiesParliament What is Government?Government is a political organization comprising the individuals and institutions authorized to formulate public policies and conduct affairs of

2、state. Governments are classified in a great many ways and from a wide variety of standpoints. Monarchy:Monarchy is a form of government in which one person has the hereditary right to rule as head of state during his or her lifetime. Republican governmentIt is a form of state based on the concept t

3、hat sovereignty resides in the people, who delegate the power to rule in their behalf to elected representatives and officials.Democracy:Democracy is a political system in which the people of a country rule through any form of government they choose to establish. Federalism:Federalism, also referred

4、 to as federal government, is a national or international political system in which two levels of government control the same territory and citizens. Unitary system :Most countries are unitary systems, with laws giving virtually all authority to the central government. The central government may del

5、egate duties to cities or other administrative units, but it retains final authority.the British system of government is constitutional monarchy The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is said to be reigned over the Monarch, but she does not rule. Britain is regarded as a democracy

6、in the Western World because the real power of government is invested with elective officials. The participation of the monarch in government, a kind of formality and historical legacy, is limited by the basic law known as the constitution (not necessarily in a written form). It is for this reason t

7、hat the British system of government is known as constitutional monarchy.Constitutional MonarchyDefinition: A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchical government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state.The monarch is rega

8、rded as the head of state but the prime minister is head of government.The United KingdomA monarchic, democratic&unitary statesA Monarchic government The present monarch: Queen Elizabeth 11 Limited power: the Queen can only rule with the advice of parliament.(P1&2&3)A democratic governmentIts member

9、s of parliament are elected by the people.Three parts of parliament: The House of Lords, The House of Commons, and the MonarchThe House of Commons is involved in both the legislative and executive branches of the British government. There is no separation of powers between executive and legislature.

10、 A Unitary governmentIts central government with the PM as the leader is very strong. presides over the Cabinet, allocates functions among ministers Informs the Queen of the general business of the Government Recommends a number of appointments to the Queen Monarch In modern Britain, Monarchy might

11、seem obsolete, but could not be abolished.In modern Britain, where class and privilege are no longer as important as they used to be, an institution like the monarchy might seem obsolete. Indeed, from time to time a few prominent peopleinside and outside Parliamentclaim that, in the current politica

12、l and economic situation, the monarchy is an unnecessary extravagance. But any serious attempt to abolish the monarchy would meet with violent opposition from all sectors of British society. Royal family&lifeExample family& Exposed lifeThe royal family occupies the position of First Family and is ex

13、pected to set an example in both public and private life. With the growth of the modern media industrypress, radio, televisionthe official and unofficial lives of royalty are becoming increasingly exposed: The Queen is in the news almost every day: either as a public figure visiting a hospital, atte

14、nding a gala concert, launching a ship, welcoming a foreign head of state or as a private person going to church, watching a horse race, holidaying at her private Scottish home, Balmoral Castle Interest in the royal family is not confined to the UK. The press in America and Europe constantly publish

15、 news and gossip about Britains First Family. Queens jobsDomestic and international affairs:Conferring honoursDay-to-day workings of government Privy councilHead of the Church of EnglandThe Monarchs consort Qualifications:(1) from a noble family,(2) with the consent of Parliament,(3) not a Roman Cat

16、holic.The Kings wifeQueen ConsortThe Queens husbandPrince Consort; the Duke of Edinburgh; the Prince of the UKThe eldest son the Prince of WalesSymbol of the spirit of the CommonwealthThe Queens personal flag, used when she is representing the CommonwealthApart from the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II

17、is also Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and so on.Succession Priority :-Sons and descendants-Daughters and descendants-Brothers and descendants目前的HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&variant=zh-cn o 英国君主列表君主：HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8

18、A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&variant=zh-cn o 伊丽莎白二世伊丽莎白二世女王陛下HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B&variant=zh-cn o 威尔士亲王威尔士亲王HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%82%A8&variant=zh-cn o 查尔斯王储查尔斯王储殿下（伊丽莎白二世的长子） HYPER

19、LINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB)&variant=zh-cn o 威廉王子 (威尔士)威尔士的威廉王子殿下（查尔斯王储的长子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB)&variant=zh-cn o 哈利王子 (威尔士)威尔士的亨利王子殿下（查尔斯王储的次子） HYPERLINK /w/index.

20、php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E7%B4%84%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5)&variant=zh-cn o 安德鲁王子 (约克公爵)约克公爵安德鲁王子殿下（伊丽莎白二世的次子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB_(%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1 o 比阿特丽斯公主 (约克) (尚未

21、撰写)约克的比阿特丽斯公主殿下（HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5&variant=zh-cn o 约克公爵约克公爵的长女.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=1988%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 1988年1988年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E5%90%89%E5%A6%AE%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB_(%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1

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23、（伊丽莎白二世的三子.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=1964%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 1964年1964年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB_(%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5)&action=edit&redlink=1 o 詹姆士 (塞文子爵) (尚未撰写)塞文子爵詹姆士 （HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E4%BC

24、%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1 o 威塞克斯伯爵 (尚未撰写)威塞克斯伯爵的儿子.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=2007%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 2007年2007年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E8%8E%8E&action=edit&redlink=1 o 路易斯温莎 (尚未撰写)路易斯温莎郡主（威塞克斯伯爵的长女.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=2003

25、%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 2003年2003年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB&variant=zh-cn o 安妮公主安妮长公主殿下（伊丽莎白二世的女儿） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%A6%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 彼得菲利浦斯 (尚未撰写)彼得菲利浦斯（安妮公主的儿子） HYPERLINK /w/

26、index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%A6%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 扎拉菲利浦斯 (尚未撰写)扎拉菲利浦斯（安妮公主的女儿） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97-%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF_(%E6%9E%97%E8%8E%B1%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5)&action=edit&r

27、edlink=1 o 大卫阿姆斯特朗-琼斯 (林莱子爵) (尚未撰写)林莱子爵（HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96&variant=zh-cn o 乔治六世乔治六世的外孙，HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)&variant=zh-cn o 玛格丽特公主 (英国)玛格丽特公主的儿子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?

28、title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97-%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 查尔斯阿姆斯特朗-琼斯 (尚未撰写)查尔斯阿姆斯特朗-琼斯阁下（林莱子爵的儿子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97-%E7%90%BC%E6%9

29、6%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 玛格丽塔阿姆斯特朗-琼斯 (尚未撰写)玛格丽塔阿姆斯特朗-琼斯阁下（林莱子爵的女儿） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E6%89%98&action=edit&redlink=1 o 萨拉切托 (尚未撰写)萨拉切托夫人（乔治六世的外孙女、玛格丽特公主的女儿） Coronation Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or a queen.Time: an interval after the

30、death of the old kingPlace: Westminster AbbeyFormality grand and pompousConductor : the Archbishop of CanterburyParticipants: VIPs in Britain and foreign guestsResidenceBuckingham Palace, Windsor Castle St, James Palaces. Besides, the monarch has several other palaces or castles all over the country

31、. Questions 1.public opinions towards the Monarch2. Why do the British people still have a great affection for the Queen？ConstitutionConstitution of the United KingdomUncodified law, consisting of both written and unwritten sourcesFlexibility Parliament has the ability to change any aspect of the co

32、nstitution at will.Until recently, there was no modern statute or document that attempted to codify the rights of citizens 1215年的大宪章(Magna Carta)，1259年的人民协定(Agreement of the People)1295年的禁征赋税条例(De Tallagio non Concendo)，1628年的权利请愿书(The Petition of right)，1653政府约法(The Instrument of Government)，1679年的

33、人身保护法(The Habeas Corpus act)，1689年的权利法典(The Bill of right)，1701年的王位继承法(The Act of Settlement)，1706年的苏格兰联合法(Act of Settlement)，1911年及1928年的国会法(The Parliament Act)，1914年的国家防卫法(Defense of the Rralm Acts)，1918年的人民代表法(The Representation of the People Act)，1925年高等法院法(Supreme Court of Judicature)，1928年的男女选

34、举权平等法(The equale franchise act)，1931年的西敏寺条例(Statute of Westminster)，1936年的国王禅位法(the Abdication act)，1937年的摄政法(The Regency)，1947年的印度独立法(Indian Independence Act)，1963年的贵族法(Peerage Act)，1972年的国家豁免法，1972年的欧洲共同体法(European Community Act) Key statutes and conventionsMagna Carter (1215):Magna Carta was the

35、most significant early influence on the long historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today: Clause 1 of Magna Carta guarantees the freedom of the English ChurchHabeas corpus Act 1679Habeas corpus is the name of a legal instrument or writ by means of which detainees can seek rel

36、ease from unlawful imprisonment.It is an important instrument for the safeguarding of individual freedom against arbitrary state action.Other ActsSee p72. P2&5Components of the British Constitution(P2)Acts of ParliamentThe Prerogative of the CrownConventions of the ConstitutionCommon lawParliamentar

37、y PrivilegeBill of Rights in 1689Some important conventionsRelating to monarchy The Sovereign shall grant the Royal Assent to all Bills passed by Parliament The monarch will not dissolve Parliament without the advice of the Prime Minister. The monarch will ask the leader of the dominant party in the

38、 House of Commons to form a government.All ministers are to be drawn from the House of Commons or the House of Lords. ElectionTime span: 5 years.646 constituency Royal Proclamation Members of ParliamentWrits of ElectionElection Procedure: On the day appointed for the election, voters go to the polli

39、ng stations in their constituency and indicate, by marking a ballot form, which of the various candidates listed on the form they would like to have as their representative in the House of Commons. At the end of the day the ballot-boxes, into which the voters have put their marked forms, are sealed

40、and taken to one centre in the constituency, unlocked, and the votes counted in the presence of the candidates. The one who has the most votes-even if he has only more than his nearest opponentis successful, and will go to Westminster as Member of Parliament for that constituency. Electing MPs:First

41、-past-the-post election systemMainly big parties organize government- Coalition governmentThe leader becomes Prime MinisterChoose the members of the CabinetThe Political PartiesA two-party system Dominant : Conservative Part & Labor PartyMinor Parties: the Scottish Nationalist, Welsh Nationalist, Ul

42、ster Unionist, Social Democratic, Communists, Green parties.Formation: In 1679, Tories and WhigsToriesWhigs the smaller landed gentry and tradesmen-forefathers of the middle classThe landed aristocracy and big merchants of the townsParliament more powerConservative partyLiberal partytwo major partie

43、s:The Conservative Party The Labor Party Development: From Tories Unionists, liberals, socialists and the Fabian Society Time: the middle of 19th century(old) in 1900 (young) Characteristics: Right wing party Left wing partySupporters: middle and upper-middle class People of higher position Working

44、class and common people relatively poor or underprivileged ParliamentParliament -legislature(p82)Legislature the House of Lords, hereditary peers or peeresses, senior judges, church figures and life peers the House of Commons, members of parliament Three functions to examine proposals for new laws to observe government policy and administration to debate the major issues of the dayThe House of Commons is far more influential than the House of Lords. The chief executive is the prime minister, who is a member of the House of Commons. The executi