2020年英语高考真题卷-全国I卷（含答案解析）

1、2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试.全国I卷英语第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共5小题海小题1.5分，总分值7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并 标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a supermarket. B. In th

2、e post office.C. In the street.What did Carl do?He designed a medal.He fixed a TV set.C. He took a test.What does the man do?A. Hes a tailor. B. Hes a waiter.C. Hes a shop assistant.When will the flight arrive?A. At 18:20. B. At 18:35.C. At 18:50.How can the man improve his article?By deleting unnec

3、essary words.By adding a couple of points.By correcting grammar mistakes.第二节（共15小题;每题1.5分，总分值22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选 出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。.What does Bill often do on Friday night?A. Visit his parents. B.

4、Go to the movies.C. Walk along Broadway.Who watches musical plays most often?A. Bill. B. Sarah. C. Bills parents.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。.Why does David want to speak to Mike?A. To invite him to a party.【答案分析】根据第三段的第二句The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at R

5、oma Street station”可知，此题答案为 Bo3.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据文中表格的内容可知，从Central到Varsity Lakes的列车的出发时间为晚上7:29。B语篇类型:夹叙夹议文 主题语境:人与自我丰富自我作者对重读以前读过的书的感悟 文章大意:重读一本你读过很屡次的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起参加酒宴一样。重读的美妙之处在于, 我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的精神状态之上的,随着年龄增长，你对书中内容的理解也逐步 加深。.D【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据第二段前两句可知，作者认为重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系基于我们目 前的精神状

6、态，作者年龄越大,就越觉得时光如飞。由此可推知，重读以前读过的书能让你加深对阅读 内容的理解。随着年龄增长，你可能阅历更丰富，你对书中内容的理解也逐步加深。因此答案为D。【干扰项分析】A项的陈述与原文不符，原文并没有提到作者与读者的关系。B项是常理项,但是原 文中没有信息支撑这个选项。原文中说重读一本你读过很屡次的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起参加酒 宴一样。作者用了比喻,但是阅读不能代替与朋友参加酒宴，因此C项错误。.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第三段中的“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.an agi

7、ng writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time可知,A Moveable beas/讲述年迈的海明威回忆青年时代 在巴黎度过的日子，因此此题答案为B。. B【命题意图】考查词义猜想。【答案分析】根据最后一段的第二句可知，作者认为，虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的，但重读作家的著 作是读者对该作家的最高奖励,因此画线词在此处指奖励。.A【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据第三段中的“Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔） about ev

8、erything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar9s Save TwilightSelected Poems, because poetry”可以推断作者喜爱诗歌。C语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与社会体育竞走运动及其与跑步的不同之处文章大意:本文主要介绍了竞走这项运动的相关情况及其与跑步的不同之处。.C【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】由题干中的关键词conditioned athletes可将解题信息定位至第二段，根据该段中的“But the sports rules require that a race walkers kn

9、ees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact（接触）with the ground at all times”可知，竞走运动的规那么要求竞走者的膝关节在腿摆 动时的大局部时间里伸直，同时一只脚保持与地面接触。据此可知，竞走者必须遵循一些特殊的运动 规那么，故C项正确。.D命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据第五段中的some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon am

10、ong race walkers”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，如跑步者的膝盖（受伤），在竞走者中并不 常见。据此可知,竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤，故D项正确。.A命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第五段中的anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coachor experienced racer to learn proper technique可知，Norberg博士建议任何希望尝试竞走的人或许应该首先咨询下教练或有经验的竞走者，以学习正确的技巧，故A项正确。.B【命题意图】考查观点态度。【答案

11、分析】根据全文内容可知，作者提到了竞走这项运动的好处，同时也指出它的一些危害，态度是客观的，故B项正确。二次精读【词汇积累】Para. 1:fitness九健康Para.3demanding/.（工作）耍求高的，费力的;（人）苛求的，难满足的 calculation n.计算;估计 approximately adv.大约 Para.5considerable adj.相当大的;相当多的cautious adj.谨慎的，小心的【难句分析 1 According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles pe

12、r hour wouldburn about 800 calories（卡路里）per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burnwalking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories perhour.（Para.3）分析:本句是一个主从复合句，含有两个which引导的非限制性定语从句,第一个which引导的定语从句修饰800 calories,第二个which对running进行补充说

13、明。译文:根据大多数计算,以每小时六英里的速度移动的竞走者每小时会消耗大约800卡路里，这大约是他们走路燃烧的两倍，虽然它比跑步消耗的卡路里少,跑步可能每小时消耗1。00左右或更多的卡路里。语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然人与植物发光植物文章大意:本文介绍了与植物有关的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容。.D【命题意图】考查段落大意。【答案分析】根据第一段第二句Recent studies have found positive effects”及本段中的greener areasof the city experienced less crimeH 和employees were show

14、n to be 15% more productive when theirworkplaces were decorated w汕 houseplants可知,D 选项Benefits from green plants”能概括本段内容。.A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第二段第二句中的These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water可知,A 选项正确。根据该句后半局部a plant that can detect harmful

15、chemicals in groundwater”可知,干扰项D选项错误。.C【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句Glowing plants could reduce this distance andtherefore help save energy”可推知，在未来发光的植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。.C【命题意图】考查标题判断。【答案分析】文章第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最新的研究说明植物可以发光;第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“翻开“和关上”;第五段表述能量在传输中

16、损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一 问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗?)最能凸显本文主题。J二次精宅I【熟词生义】engineer(Para.2,Line 7)常用义:.工程师例句:He trained as an engineer.他接受过工程师培训。文章义:也改变的基因（或遗传）结构例句:The corn has been engineered to resist crop pests.这种玉米已被改造以抵抗作物害虫。AA* -+-第一下语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自我认识自我自我接受语境概述:文章主要介绍了一些自我接受的小技巧。36.B由空前内容可知我们都想接受并爱自己。但有时它似

17、乎太困难，太遥不可及。由空后一句Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction”可知，空处指你应从哪儿开始,B 项符合语境。.F本空是段落主题句。由空后的两个问句可知本段主要讲不要和他人比照，故F项（停止与他人作比拟）符合语境。.D根据段落主题句可知，本段主要讲要原谅自己所犯的错误。根据空后一句可知你会一次又一次地犯错，即是人都会犯错,D项符合语境。.C 本段主要讲要认识到自己的优点并列举出你的成就，由空前一句You have a job, earned yourdegree, and you got out o

18、f bed today可知,再小的事也应庆祝,C项符合语境。.A 根据空前的list your imperfections read these words back to yourself再结合空后内容可知，阅读描写自己缺点的词会使自己感到沮丧,A项符合语境。.二次精i卖一【词汇积累】handful n.少数人（或物）empower vt.授权;增加（某人的）自主权strength九优点，长处 imperfection机缺点，瑕疵第三局部 语言知识运用 第一节语篇类型:夹叙夹议文主题语境:人与自我个人经历作者对谎言产生的恐惧行文脉络:有时为了避开麻烦，我们难免会说谎。可谎言有时也会让人产生恐

19、惧,引发人内心的不安。本文表达了作者在自己的双胞胎孩子刚学步时,为防止孩子不断地通过滑动玻璃门给其带来麻烦，刻 意编造谎言告诉孩子，那是窗户而不是门，而后又后悔对孩子说谎的故事。窗户和门都有重要的比喻 意义，作者害怕对孩子说了这样的谎后，当孩子人生中的机会出现时，他们会产生怀疑从而犹豫不前。.C 根据语境可知，作者说谎的原因(reason)很明显。.A 结合下文theyll want to go outside 43 , It will drive us crazy”可推知，如果作者他们成认 (admit)这是门，孩子就会一直(constantly)想出去，这会使他们发疯的。.B 参见上题解析

20、。temporarily”暂时地，临时地”;casually”随意地，偶然地”。.D由下文中的“tell the truth”并结合语境可知，此处表示孩子们显然知道真相(truth)。.A根据语境可知，作者他们坚持说这仅仅是(merely)一个窗户，这已经阻止了孩子们很屡次试图 (attempting)开门的请求。.D 参见上题解析。.C 根据空前一句中的lying to the kids”和该句中的“discover”可知,有一天，他们会醒悟(wake up)过 来，发现他们一直知道的关于窗户的一切都是谎言(lie)。win out”终获成功”;stand out”突出，显眼”。.B 参见上

21、题解析。fantasy”幻想，想象”。.A 由52空后的“our children”的提示可知，此处表示“我在想无论结果如何父母(parents)是否都应 该告知真相二.D 参见上题解析。restriction”限制规定,制约因素”。51.B 根据下文中的Maybe its an unreasonable fear”和语境可知，此处应为“我非常恐惧(fear)”。.C根据下文表述的“窗户和门都有重要的比喻意义，作者害怕对孩子说了这样的谎后，当孩子人生 中的机会出现时，他们会产生怀疑从而犹豫不前”可知，此处表示作者害怕自己所说的谎言正在对孩子 造成精神上的(spiritual)伤害。biolog

22、ical”生物的，生物学的”。.B根据语境和常识可知，窗户和门都有重要的(important)比喻意义。54.A 根据常识可知，此处表示“倘假设他们在以后的人生(life)中，来到一扇就像某种机会的比喻性的门 前，他们会怎么样?55.D 根据下文中的they just 56 it and wonder/What if it isnt a door?可知他们仅仅是盯着 (stare at)这扇门在犹豫而不是(instead of)翻开门，抓住机会。by comparison with”与相比”。56.B参见上题解析。.A 根据上文作者把门比作机会可知J如果这不是一扇门”也就是说“如果这不是一个真

23、正的(real) 机会.C根据下文表述的作者应该接受重复告诉孩子现在不能出去可知，底线(bottom line)是作者不应 该向孩子说谎。.D参见上题解析。.C根据语境可知，如果不对孩子说这样的谎，那么当他们来到人生的其他门前时，不管它们是真实 的，还是比喻性的,他们会毫不犹豫地翻开门走过去。第二节语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与社会科技“嫦娥四号无人探测器登月成功 文章大意:中国是第一个登上月球反面的国家。.touched考查动词时态。句中有时间状语last week,故用一般过去时。.extremely 考查形容词变副词。副词extremely修饰后面的形容词challengingo.wh

24、ere考查定语从句。先行词是spot,后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词 where erest 考查名词。句中含有“be+of+名词”结构,be of particular interest=be particularly interesting, 故填名词interest o【知识拓展】英语中的“be+of+名词”结构相当于“be+形容词”，描述主语的特征或性质。常用于这个 结构的名词有 benefit, importance, interest, help, use, significance, value 等。.than考查连词。本句中含有more,空格后为

25、比拟对象,因此本空应填than。.to find 考查非谓语动词。句中的动词不定式短语to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin作状语，表目的。.means考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知，本句也应用一般现在时,主语是it,故谓语动 词用means o.is constructed考查被动语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客 观情况，故填 is constructedo construct 建造，构建”。69.much考查固定用法。how much ”多少”，修饰不可数名词。7O.its考查代

26、词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。第四局部写作第一节短文改错Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and Ifriedfriedsimplethought it mustbe easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but prepareandput them aside. Next I broke the eg

27、gs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick . After that I chopstickspoured oil into a pan and turned off the stove. I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I onuntil/tillput the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into A pan together. nNot that way, my mom tried to stop theus but failed. S

28、he was right. It didnt turn out as I had wished, me第一处:simply改为simpleo形容词和副词混用。此处修饰名词dish,故用形容词simpleo【易错点拨】英语中的形容词通常用在名词之前、系动词之后和宾语之后，分别作定语、表语和宾语补足语，而用副词作状语，修饰形容词、副词或整个句子。第二处:frying改为fried。非谓语动词误用。过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成或被动,此处表示被炒过的西红柿鸡蛋，故用过去分词作定语。现在分词作定语表示进行或主动。第三处:删除to。不定式符号多用。情态动词后接动词原形。第四处:preparing改为p

29、repare。非谓语动词误用。不定式符号后跟动词原形。第五处:but改为and。连词误用。此处表示动作的先后，是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为ando第六处:chopstick改为chopsticks。名词单复数误用。chopstick意为“筷子”，常以复数形式出现。第七处:off改为on。固定搭配误用。turn off表示“关掉，此处意思为“翻开厨灶，故用turn on。第八处:unless改为until或till。连词误用。此处表示“我耐心地等到油热”。此处引导时间状语从句,表示直到为止”。第九处:pan前加the。冠词漏用。此处特指上文提到的平底锅。第十处:us改为me。人称代词

30、误用。根据上文提到的T”my mom”可知，此处表示“我妈妈尝试阻止我,但失败了”。第二节书面表达【写作思路】根据试题要求，考生需要写一篇记叙文，记述身边一位值得尊敬和爱戴的人。首先考生 需要介绍自己最尊敬和爱戴的人是谁，简单地介绍一下他（她）。然后,陈述为什么他（她）值得尊敬和爱 戴。最后，可以对前文进行一个总结，使文章结构严谨。本文的写作重点在尊敬和爱戴的原因，考生 可围绕这个要点适当拓展,从性格特点、处事风格等方面展开写作。【范文赏读】The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher, Ms Li. Though

31、she has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still passionate about teaching. She is kind and considerate towards us just like our dear mother. We all respect her because she always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting. Hardworking and knowledgeable, she is one of the

32、best teachers in our school. When we have a problem, we will turn to her for help. She always talks to us patiently and helps us to find a solution. In our eyes, she is not only our teacher, but also our best friend. Those are why she deserves our respect.【亮点词句 亮点词beloved, respected, be passionate a

33、bout, be considerate towards, turn to sb. for help, in ones eyes亮点句式:why引导的表语从句（why she deserves our respect）To discuss a schedule.To call off a meeting.What do we know about the speakers?They are colleagues.They are close friends.Theyve never met before.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。. What kind of camera does t

34、he man want?A. A TV camera. B. A video camera.C. A movie camera.Which function is the man most interested in?A. Underwater filming. B. A large memory.C. Auto-focus.How much would the man pay for the second camera?A. 950 euros. B. 650 euros.C. 470 euros.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Who is Clifford?A. A little

35、 girl. B. The mans pet.C. A fictional character.14.Who suggested that Norman paint for childrens books?A. His wife. B. Elizabeth.C. A publisher.15.What is Normans story based on?A. A book. B. A painting.C. A young woman.What is it that shocked Norman?His unexpected success.His efforts made in vain.H

36、is editors disagreement.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。.Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker?A. Relatives. B. Strangers.C. Visitors.Why do people have small talk?To express opinions.To avoid arguments.To show friendliness.Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk?A. Politics.

37、B. Movies. C. Salaries.What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture?Asking open-ended questions.Feeling free to change topics.Making small talk interesting.第二局部 阅读理解（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共15小题;每题2分，总分值30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ATrain InformationAll customers travelling on TransLin

38、k services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services

39、and bus services.Lost property（失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays, generally a Sunday tim

40、etable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility dev

41、icesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains（outbound）De partOriginDesti natio nArriv e6:42pmAltandiVarsi ty Lake s7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsi ty Lakes8:52pm8:5 Fortitu7 de pm Val

42、leyVarsi ty Lake s9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsi ty Lake s12:22am.What would you do to get ticket information?A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit .C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule.At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitud

43、e Valley.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm.C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm.BReturning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you

44、both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It9s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wi

45、ngs. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest

46、 Hemingways A Move able Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating（令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔）about everything and nothing. The thir

47、d book is Julio Cortazar Save Twilighr.Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an auth

48、ors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.Why does the author like rereading?It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.I

49、ts a window to a whole new world.Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.It extends the understanding of oneself.25.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?Ifs a brief account of a trip.Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C. Its a record of a historic event.D. Its about Hemingways f

50、riends in Paris.What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry. B. Hes an editor.C. Hes very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.CRace walking shares many fitness benefits wi

51、th running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But

52、the sports rules require that a race walker9s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact（接触）with the ground at all times. It9s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractiveactivity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise

53、science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里）per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walki

54、ng, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while rac

55、e walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sporfs strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles an

56、d hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.Why are race walkers conditioned athle

57、tes?They must run long distances.They are qualified for the marathon.They have to follow special rules.They are good at swinging their legs.29.What advantage does race walking have over running?A. Its more popular at the Olympics.Its less challenging physically.Its more effective in body building.It

58、s less likely to cause knee injuries.30.What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion fbr someone trying race walking?Getting experts opinions.Having a medical checkup.Hiring an experienced coach.Doing regular exercises.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. To

59、lerant.D. Conservative.DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees w

60、ere shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） have taken it a step further 一 changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These inc