常用商务英语词汇大全

1、常用商务英语词汇大全（一）economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成

2、分 ,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长 economic tre

3、nd 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准 ,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞 ,萧条 ,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地

4、产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金 ,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支 ,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金 ,平准基金sinking fund

5、 偿债基金investment 投资 ,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费 ,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户（美作 :checking account ）current-account holder 支票帐户La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Deve

6、lopment Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America,

7、ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping

8、 Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three Rs 读、写、算school year 学年term, trimester 学季semester 学期school day 教学日school holidays 假期curriculum 课程subject 学科discipline 纪律timetable 课程表class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业exerci

9、se 练习dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误（ short ） course 短训班seminar 研讨班playtime, break 课间 ,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学 ,旷课course （ of study ） 学业student body 学生（总称）classmate, schoolmate 同学pupil 小学生student 大学生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁听生swot, grind 用的学生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellow

10、ship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者（总称）teachers 教师（总称）primary school teacher 小学老师teacher lecturer 大学老师professor 教授schooling 教授,授课assistant 助教headmaster 校长 （女性为 :headmistress ）deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长rector 校长dean 教务长laboratory assistant, l

11、ab assistant 实验员beadle, porter 门房 ,学校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue 文学教师（蔑称）of school age 教龄beginning of term 开学matriculation 注册to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to take lessons （学生）上课to teach （老师）上课to study 学习to learn by heart 记住 ,掌握to revise, to go over 复习t

12、est 考试to test 考试to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者board of examiners 考试团examination oral, written examination 口试 ,笔试question 问题question paper 试卷crib 夹带 （美作 :trot ）to pass an examination （或 exam ） , 通过考试pass, passing grade 升级pri

13、zegiving 分配奖品to fall an examination 未通过考试failure 未考好to repeat a year 留级degree 学位graduate 毕业生to graduate 毕业project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书 （美作 :high school diploma ）holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生 （美作 :holder of a high school diploma ） doctorate 博士学位do

14、ctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语mathematics 数学science 理科gymnastics 体育history 历史algebra 代数 geometry 几何 geography 地理 biology 生物 chemistry 化学 physics 物理physical geography 地球物理 literature 文学 sociology 社会学 psycology 心理学 philosophy 哲学 engineering 工程学mechanical engineering

15、 机械工程学 electronic engineering 电子工程学 medicine 医学 social science 社会科学 agriculture 农学 astronomy 天文学 economics 经济学 politics 政治学commercial science 商学 biochemistry 生物化学 anthropology 人类学 linguistics 语言学 accounting 会计学law, jurisprdence 法学 banking 银行学 metallurgy 冶金学 finance 财政学mass-communication 大众传播学 journa

16、lism 新闻学 atomic energy 原子能学 civil engineering 土木工程 architecture 建筑学 chemical, engineering 化学工程 accounting and statisics 会计统计 business administration 工商管理 library 图书馆学 diplomacy 外交 foreign language 外文 botany 植物 major 主修 minor 辅修 school 学校kindergarten 幼儿园infant school 幼儿学校primary school, junior school

17、 小学secondary school 中学high school, secondary school 专科学校business school 商业学校technical school 工业学校technical college 专科学校( university ) campus 大学university 大学boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院faculty 系hall of residence 学校公寓classroom

18、教室lecture theatre 阅览室 (美作 :lecture theater ) amphitheatre 阶梯教室 (美作 :amphitheater ) staff room 教研室headmasters study, headmasters office 校长办公室( assembly ) hall 礼堂library 图书馆playground 操场desk 课桌blackboard 黑板( a piece of ) chalk 粉笔slate pencil 石板笔wall map 挂图skeleton map 廓图 ,示意图globe 地球仪text book 课本dicti

19、onary 词典encyclopedia 百科全书atlas地图集satchel 书包exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本 (美作 :scribbling pad ) blotting paper 吸墨纸tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸( fountain ) pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint ( pen) 圆珠笔pencil 铅笔propelling pencil 自动铅笔 pencil sharpener 铅笔刀 ,转笔刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, erase

20、r 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 计算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圆规Ministry of Labour 劳工部 （美作 epartment of Labor ）labour market 劳工市场 , 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所 （美作 :Employment Bureau ） labour management 职业介绍经纪人 full employment 整日制工作 to be paid by the hour 按

21、小时付酬 seasonal work 季节工作 piecework work 计件工作 timework work 计时工作 teamwork work 联合工作 shift work 换班工作 assembly line work 组装线工作 （美作 :serial production ） workshop 车间 handicrafts, crafts 手艺 , 技艺 trade, craft 行当 profession, occupation 职务 employment, job 工作 situation, post 位置 job 一件工作 vacancy 空缺 , 空额 work pe

22、rmit 工作许可证 to apply for a job 求职 , 找工作 application （ for a job ） 求职 to engage, to employ 雇用 work contract 劳务合同 industrial accident 劳动事故 occupational disease 职业病 vocational guidance 职业指导 vocational training 职业训练 retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练 , 再培训 holidays, holiday, vacation 假期 labour

23、 costs, labour input 劳力成本 fluctuation of labour 劳力波动 （美作 f labor ）worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工 , 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer w

24、orker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会 （美作 :labor union ）trade unionist

25、工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会 , 同会 ,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移 ,移居employer 雇主 ,老板shop steward （工厂的）工会代表 （美作 :union delegate ）delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time e

26、mployment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间overtime 业余时间remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资wage index 工资指数minimum wage 最低工资basic wage 基础工资gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资monthly wages 月工资weekly wages 周工资piecework wage 计件工资maximum wage 最高工资

27、 （美作 :wage ceiling ）sliding scale 按物价计酬法payment in kind 用实物付酬daily wages 日工资premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励payday 发工资日 , 付薪日pay slip 工资单payroll 薪水册unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金 ,养老金collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工（美作 :slow-down ）lo

28、ckout 停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴（由工会给的）strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者（个人）the unemployed 失业者（集体）to di

29、scharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除 ,解雇to terminate a contract 结束合同 ,结束契约negotiation 谈判collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公

30、务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员a

31、ctress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家 geologist 地质学家 expert on folklore 俗学家 mathematician 数学家 biologist 生物学家 zoologis

32、t 动物学家 statistician 统计学家 physiologist 生理学家 futurologist 未来学家 artists 艺术家 painter 画家 musician 音乐家 composer 作曲家 singer 歌唱家 designer 设计家 sculptor 雕刻家 designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师 dressmaker 女装裁剪师 cutter 裁剪师 sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅 beautician 美容师 model 模特 ballerina 芭蕾舞星 detective 刑警 chief of pol

33、ice 警察局长 taxi driver 出租车司机 clerk 店员 mailman 邮差 newspaper boy 报童 bootblack 擦鞋童 poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人 producer 制片人 newscaster 新闻评论人 milkman 送奶人 merchant 商人 florist 卖花人 baker 面包师 greengrocer 菜贩 fish-monger 鱼贩 butcher 肉贩 shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car

34、 mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工( public ) health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士宏观经济的 macroeconomic通货膨胀 inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的 solvent合同contract汇率exchange rate紧缩信贷tighten

35、credit creation私营部门private sector财政管理机构 fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策slack fiscal policy税法 tax bill财政public finance财政部 the Ministry of Finance平衡预算 balanced budget继承税 inheritance tax货币主义者 monetariest增值税VAT ( value added tax )收入 revenue总需求aggregate demand商务英语词汇大全(二)货币化 monetization 赤字 deficit经济不景气recessio

36、na period when the economy of a country is not successful, business conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment经济好转 turnabout复苏 recovery成本推进型cost push货币供应money supply生产率productivity劳动力labor force实际工资 real wages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation

37、需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double- digit inflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronic inflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal坏的影响adverse effect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的 sluggish认购subscribe to支票帐户 checking account货币控制工具 instruments of monetry control借据IOUs ( I owe you )本票promissory not

38、es货币总监controller of the currency拖收系统collection system支票清算或结算check clearing资金划拨transfer of funds可以相信的证明credentials改革 fashion被缠住 entangled货币联盟Monetary Union再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易 horse-trading欧元 euro公共债务membership criteria汇率机制REM储备货币reserve currency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市 bull market非凡

39、的牛市a raging bull规模经济 scale economcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价 bid-ask spreads期货（贡） futures经济商行 brokerage firm回报率 rate of return贡 equities违约default现金外流 cash drains经济人佣金 brokerage fee存款单CD （ certificate of deposit营业额turnover资本市场 capital market布雷顿森林体系 The Bretton Woods System经常帐户current account套利者arbitrager远期汇率f

40、orward exchangerate即期汇率spot rate实际利率real interest rates货币政策工具 tools of monetary policy银行倒闭bank failures跨国公司MNC （ Multi-National Corporation ）商业银行commercial bank商业票据comercial paper利润profit本票，期票promissory notes监督to monitor佣金（经济人） commission brokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论 portfolio balance theory外汇储备foreign

41、exchange reserves固定汇率fixed exchange rate浮动汇率floating/flexible exchange rate货币选择权（期货） currency option套利 arbitrage合约价 exercise price远期升水forward premium多头买升buying long空头卖跌selling short按市价订购贡market order贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金 the IMF七国集团the G-7监督 surveillance同业拆借市场interbank market可兑换性 convertibility软通货 s

42、oft currency限制restriction交易 transaction充分需求adequate demand短期外债short term external debt汇率机制exchange rate regime直接标价direct quotes资本流动性mobility of capital赤字 deficit本国货币 domestic currency外汇交易市场foreign exchange market国际储备international reserve利率interest rate资产assets国际收支balance of payments贸易差额balance of tr

43、ade繁荣boom债券bond资本 captial资本支出 captial expenditures商品 commodities商品交易所 commodity exchange期货合同 commodity futures contract普通贡 common stock联合大企业 conglomerate货币贬值currency devaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧 depreciation贴现率 discount rate归个人支配的收入 disposable personal income从业人员employed person汇率exchange rate财政年度 fisc

44、al year企业free enterprise国生产总值gross antional product库存inventory劳动力人数labor force债务liabilities市场经济market economy合并 merger货币收入 money income跨国公司Multinational Corproation个人收入personal income优先贡preferred stock价格收益比率price-earning ratio优惠贷款利率prime rate利润profit回报return on investment使货币升值revaluation薪水salary季节性调

45、整seasonal adjustment关税tariff失业人员 unemployed person效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升 wage-price spiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatory trade,compensated deal储蓄银行savings banks欧洲联盟the European Union单一的实体 a single entity抵押贷款mortgage lending业主产权owners equity普通股common stock无形资产intangible assets收益表income statement营业开

46、支operating expenses行政开支administrative expenses现金收支一览表statement of cash flow贸易中的存货inventory收益 proceeds投资银行investment bank机构投资者institutional investor垄断兼并委员会 MMC招标发行issue by tender定向发行introduction代销 offer for sale直销 placing公开发行public issue信贷额度credit line国际债券internationalbonds欧洲货币 Eurocurrency利差 interes

47、t margin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款 leveraged loan权利股发行rights issues净收入比例结合 net income gearing外贸中常见英文缩略词CT/T ( telegraphic transfer )电汇D/P ( document against payment )付款交单D/A(document against acceptance )承兑交单C.O ( certificate of origin )一般原产地证G. ( generalized system of preferences )普惠制CTN/CTNS ( carton/cartons )纸

48、箱PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、个、支等DL/DLS ( dollar/dollars )美元DOZ/DZ (dozen) 一打PKG (package) 一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT (weight )重量G.W. (gross weight )毛重. ( net weight )净重C/D ( customs declaration )报关单EA (each)每个，各W ( with )具有w/o ( without )没有FAC ( facsimile )传真IMP ( import )进口EXP ( export )出口MAX ( maximum )最大的、最大限度的

49、MIN ( minimum )最小的，最低限度M 或 MED ( medium )中等，中级的M/V ( merchant vessel )商船(steamship)月台运MT 或 M/T ( metric ton )公吨DOC ( document )文件、单据INT ( international )国际的P/L ( packing list )装箱单、明细表INV ( invoice )发票PCT ( percent)百分比REF (reference)参考、查价EMS ( express mail special )特快传递STL. ( style )式样、款式、类型T 或 LTX 或

50、 TX ( telex )电传RMB ( renminbi )人币38 S/M ( shipping marks )装船标记39 PR 或 PRC ( price ) 价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货41 S/C ( sales contract)销售确认书42 L4 a.m) 16:00 four inthe afternoon,4) 9:00 nine oclock,nine,9 oclock) 09:00 nine in the morning,9 a.m) 21:00 nine in the evening,nine at night,9) 12:00 twelve o

51、clock,twelve,12 oclock) 12:00 twelve in the morning,12 a.m,midday) 00:00 twelve at night,12 ,midnight12:15,00:15 a quarter past twelve,quarter past twelve,twelve fifteen,a quarter after twelve02:25,14:25 twenty-five past two,twenty-five minutes past two,two twenty-five,twenty-five after two11:30,23:

52、30 half past eleven,eleven-thirty,half eleven,half after eleven12:45,00:45 a quarter to one,quarter to one,twelve forty-five,a quarter of one07:50,19:50 ten to eight,ten minutes to eight,seven-fifty,ten of eight下面的例句都是表示时间：What time is it, Gordon?几点了，戈登？Just after five.刚过 5 点。Whats the time now?现在是什

53、么时刻？Its quarter past.一刻了。Can you tell me the time?你能告诉我几点了吗？Its twenty-five past twelve.12 点 25 分。Have you got the time?你知道现在是什么时间吗？It is nearly one oclock.快一点了。What time does the boat leave from New York?船什么时间离开纽约？At a quarter past three in the afternoon.下午 3 点 15 分。The time is six forty-five.现在是 6

54、 点 45 分。My watch says six thirty.我的表是 6 点 30 分。Its five to eight and breakfasts at eight oclock.现在差 5 分 8 点 B ，早餐八点钟开。The time was 10:35 hours Greenwich Mean Time.现在是格林威治平时10 点 35 分。Ill be back at quarter past one.我 1 点 15 分回来。By eleven oclock Brian was back in his office.布赖恩11 点回到了办公室。At two oclock

55、 in the morning caslon was still awake.到凌晨2 点卡斯隆还没睡着。You should be there no later than nine thirty.你必须在 9 点半前到那儿。Office hours are from 9 a.m to 6办公时间为早 9 点到下午 6 点。同一日期的表达方法7月 10 日 July 10,July 10th,10 July 或 10th JulyTuesday May the thirteenth5月 13 日星期二Monday the fifth of April4月 15 日星期一What date is

56、 it?今天是几号？Its the 30th today.今天是30 号。They marriedonDecember 9,1913.他们于1913年12 月 9 日结婚。Labour was defeated in the General Election on 19 June 1970.工党在1970年6 月 19 日大选中败北。The case was heard in the High Court in February 1970.这个案件于1970 年 2 月由高等法院审理。Where were you on the nights of February 4th and 7th?2

57、月 4 日和 7 日晚上你都在什么地方？They lived toghther from December of that year until June of 1980.他们从那年12 月到 1980 年 6 月一直住在一起。The pater he hands me has a 1975 date.他签发给我文件写的是1975 年的日期。在英式英语中，日期在前月份在后，即顺序为日月年，但在美式英语中，则月份在前日期在后，即顺序为月日年。这一点必须注意，否则会发生错误。例如我们写 10-7-86 或 10/7/86 ，在英式英语中是July10th 1986, 而在美式英语中，则为 Octo

58、ber 7th 1986. 我们使用的计算机上的时间就是美式英语。英美说法不同的还有，例如：这事发生在星期四。在英式英语中 It hppened on Thursday. 而在美式英语中为 It happened Thursday.关于多少多少年代。八十年代 eighties 指的是 1980-1989,可写为 1980s,另外 1980-1985 可写为 early eighties,1985-1989 可写 为 late eighties. 例如：in Stockholm in the thirties三十年代在斯德哥尔摩I went on a computer training cour

59、se in the nineteen eighties.我在八十年代进过计算机培训班。表达星期几的例句every Tuesday for the next few months下几个月的每星期二Im terrible busy on Saturdays.我在星期六特别忙。On Monday nights, the pupils go to the cinema.星期一的晚上，学生们去看电影。Ive never worked on a Sunday in my whole life.我从未在星期日工作过。1840eighteen forty1900nineteen hundred1992nine

60、teen ninety-twotravelling circus 巡回马戏团circus wagon （马戏团的）大篷车big top 大帐篷,马戏篷tent 帐篷ring, arena 场地tier 看台master of ceremonies, . 节目主持人,司仪parade, cavalcade 列队行进show 节目circus act 马戏节目trick rider, equestrian acrobat 马戏演员equitation, riding 马术equestrian, rider 马术演员fakir, magician, illusionist, conjurer, co