儿科学英文课件：03 development

1、Child Behavioral DevelopmentOBJECTIVESBe able to list and discuss the principles and milestones of normal behavioral development Understand Sensation & Perception DevelopmentUnderstand influence factors on growth and developmentVision developmentSensation & Perception DevelopmentFocal lengthNeonate

2、:8-12 inVisual predilectionnewborn1 month2 months3 months6 monthsadultVisual acuity VisionSensation & Perception DevelopmentAt birth3-4mo4-5mo6-9mo1-5yr6yrFocal length 8-12 inEye-head coordinationEye-hand coordinationDepth perceptionShapes & colors discriminationVision well developedAuditory develop

3、ment Sensation & Perception Developmentfully developedNeonateSensation & Perception DevelopmentAt birth3-4mo7-9mo12mo12yr3-4yrAuditoryfully developedear-head & eye coordinationunderstand the tone of voiceresponse to namefollow simple guide mature Hearing screening Early detection and treatment of he

4、aring impairment improves the outcome for speech and language and behaviour. Taste development Crucial period for taste development : 46moSensation & Perception DevelopmentSensation & Perception DevelopmentFully developed at birthSmell developmentSense of skin developmentSensation & Perception Devel

5、opment Does not fully developed at birth painWhy is there the delay between injection and newborns crying? mouth is sensitive than handstouchtemperatureMore sensitive to cold than hotGross motor Fine motor LanguagePersonal-SocialBehavior development The Pattern of Acquisition of Skills is sequential

6、ly constant should always be considered longitudinally, relating each stage to what has gone before and what lies ahead varies in rate between childrenThree processesBalance of flexor and extensor toneEvolution of protective and equilibrium responsesDecline of obligatory primitive reflexes Motor dev

7、elopment Primitive reflexesPrimitive reflexesexistRooting reflexMoro reflexSucking reflexLower portions of NS well developedPrimitive reflexesupper portions of NS well developedPrimitive reflexesdisappear or inhibited Primitive Reflexes Clinical Implications to assess the neurological integrity of t

8、he newborn baby the persistence of primitive reflexes beyond their typical timespan interferes with subsequent development and indicates neurological impairment The Decline of Primitive Reflexes Primitive reflex disappear (mo) Sucking 4 Rooting 4 Moro 4 Grasp 5-6 Tonic neck 3-4Gross motor developmen

9、tinvolving large body movements such as lifting head, walking, and jumping-Lift Head raise head to 45 raise head to 902mo4moGross motor developmenthead lag on pulling up with no head lag on pulling up -Roll over4-5mo SupineSide6-7mo Prone Supine SupineProneGross motor development-Sit6mo tripod posit

10、ion8mo sit well with free handsGross motor development15mo crawl onto stairs9-10mo crawl on all fours7mo creep- Creep & CrawlGross motor development9mo stand with support10-11mo stand alone30mo stand with one leg-StandGross motor development1.5yrrun3yr hop12mowalk alone9-10mo cruising2yr jump-Walk R

11、un Jump HopGross motor development2molift head4moroll over6mosit 8 mo crawl10 mo stand alone12mo walk alone2yr jump3yr hopGross motor development (Average Age)Gross motor-limit ageMedical issues: cerebral palsy，primary muscle disorder， global developmental delay Gross motorLimit agesHead control4 mo

12、Sits unsupported9moStands independently12moWalks independently18moFine Motor Developmentsmall movements using the small muscles of thumb, fingers, hand, and wrist. play handshold object3-4moFine motor development-Reach out for toys5mo Fine motor development-Transfer object7moFine motor development-P

13、incer grip9moFine motor development-Scribble1-1.5yrFine motor development-Tower of cube 18mo Tower of three-fourFine motor development-Fold paper2yrFine motor development-imitate bridge2.5-3yrFine motor development3mo play hands5mograsp object7motransfer object9mopincer grip14mo scribbles2yr fold pa

14、per 3yr imitate bridgeFine motor development (Average Age)Fine motorLimit agesReaches for objects6 moTransfer9moPincer grip12moFine motor-limit ageMedical issues: cerebral palsy，primary muscle disorder， global developmental delay 2 lift head4 roll over 6 sit8 crawl10 stand12 walk0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 （m

15、o）Trends of Motor development Cephalocaudal(head to tail)(from the proximal end to the distal end )ProximodistalTrends of Motor development Trends of Motor development UncoordinatedcoordinatedDevelopmental Anatomy- Myelination and Developmentaxon myelination time course and pattern axon Head-to toeP

16、roximodistalmyelination time course and pattern Proximal axon Upper extremities and the trunk axonLower extremities axon Developmental Anatomy- Myelination and Developmentaxon myelination time course and pattern cortical modulationbalance and muscle cocordinationDevelopmental Anatomy- Myelination an

17、d DevelopmentLanguage DevelopmentOh oh！Fell out！Spoon fell out！Oh oh！A system of signs, including text, speech, gestures, audio-visual signals and other formsA sign of the comprehensive development of children.Hearing CNS Speech mechanismreceptive& expressive languagereceiving informationvocalizatio

18、nenvironmentLanguage development Influence factorsUnderstanding is basis of Language development Critical periods 724moReceptive Language DevelopmentStartles to loud sounds Seems to recognize parents voice and quiets if crying birth-3mo Receptive Language DevelopmentMoves eyes in direction of sounds

19、 Responds to changes in tone of parents voice Notices toys that make sounds Pays attention to music Receptive Language Development4-6mo Recognizes words for common items like cup, shoe, book, or juice Enjoys games like peek-a-booBegins to respond to requests (e.g. Come here or Want more?) Receptive

20、Language Development7-12mo Points to objects when named. Points to a few body parts when asked. Follows simple commands and understands simple questions (Roll the ball, Kiss the baby, Wheres your shoe?). Receptive Language Development1-2yrFollows two requests (Get the book and put it on the table).

21、Listens to and enjoys hearing stories for longer periods of time Receptive Language Development2-3yrCries differently for different needs Verbal play through cooing and gooing.Vowel sounds heard such as ooohh, eee, and ahhh. Expressive Language Developmentbirth-3mo Babbling sounds more speech-like w

22、ith many different sounds, includingbilabial consonant sounds (p, band m) and monosyllables Chuckles and laughs Expressive Language Development4-6mo Babbling has both long and short groups of sounds such as polysyllabic babbling “lalala mamama tata“Jargon is present. Expressive Language Development7

23、-12mo Has one to five words with meaning (hi, dog,dada, mama) around first birthdayExpressive Language Development12mo Says more words every month. Puts two words together (“More cookie, Wantjuice, Me down ). Expressive Language Development1-2yrUses two- or three- words to talk about and ask for thi

24、ngs. Speech is understood by familiar listeners most of the time. Expressive Language Development2-3yr2movowel4moconsonant5moMono-syllable10mojargon12mowords24mSimple sentenceLanguage development (Average Age)7moPoly-syllable2-3yr expressive languageCritical periods 7-24mo receptive languageLanguage

25、 -limit ageLanguageLimit agesSaying 3 words with meaning15 moSaying 25 words with meaning24mo2-word phrases30moPersonal-Social Development Interpersonal skillSelf-care ability1-2 moSmile responsively At Birth Spontaneous SmileSocial skill development6mo Stranger anxietySocial skill development5-8月9m

26、oWave bye-byeSocial skill development11-12mo Indicate wants Social skill development2yr play gamesSocial skill development18mo Self-feedingPersonal skill development-Self-carePersonal skill development-Self-care18-24moUndressingPersonal skill development-Self-care2yrUsing the toilet Washing and dryi

27、ng his hands 3yr DressingPersonal skill development-Self-care 2mosmile responsively6mo strangers anxiety 9mowave bye-bye1yr indicate wants 2yrplay games 3yrput on T-shirtPersonal-social skill development (Average Age)Personal-social skill -limit agePersonal-socialLimit agesSmile responsively3 moIndicate wants15mo Gross MotorFine Moto