备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题16细节理解题解答技巧含解析

1、备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题16细节理解题解答技巧含解析备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题16细节理解题解答技巧含解析备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读技巧篇专题16细节理解题解答技巧含解析专题16 细节理解题解答技巧细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解.它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1。特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, w

2、hat, which， who， how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。true /false， not true / false或EXCEPT,近年这种题型较少；3。 以According to 开头提问方式；4。 以填空题的形式，如：(1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. （2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys economy depen

3、ds much on_.(4)If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be， you may visit_。 （5)The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_ . （6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5。 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太

4、慢,缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文,而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味,对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法（scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法将“无此细节和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识,但不是文章内容；(3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上

5、有些变动；（4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确,部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来.解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息,直接得出答案,但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换.利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息,然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断此类试题在高考

6、中占大多数.值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息.1.描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点,或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解.这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息.(2020海南高考真题） In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party。 The bridge was closed to moto

7、r traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800， 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be th

8、e heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry。 Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）。 The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land。 A disaster was avoided。 The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is

9、 at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns。 Its author， Dr. Henry Petroski， has long been writing about disasters。 In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineerin

10、g works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong， in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompeten

11、tly applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before， but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsi

12、bility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them。”Success is success but that is all that it is, Dr。 Petroski writes。 It is failure that brings improvement.1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A。It carried more weight than it cou

13、ld.B。It swayed violently in a strong windC.Its roadway was damaged by vehiclesD。Its access was blocked by many people.2.Which of the following is Dr. Petroskis idea according to paragraph 3？A。No design is well received everywhereB.Construction is more important than design。C.Not all disasters are ca

14、used by engineering designD.Improvements on engineering works are necessary.3.What does the last paragraph suggest？A.Failure can lead to progress。B。Success results in overconfidenceC。Failure should be avoided。D.Success comes from joint efforts。4。What is the text?A.A news reportB.A short story。C.A bo

15、ok reviewD。A research article.【答案】1。A 2。C 3.A 4。C【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书原谅设计:理解失败的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。1。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party。 The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it。 Organizers expected perhap

16、s 50,000 people to show up。 Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge， engineers noticed something terrible:the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to

17、sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行,人们可以在桥上散步.组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时,工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出,金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。2。推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or eng

18、ineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied。 Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted e

19、lsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly， it does not work at all anymore.”可知,虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败,但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的,所以装置会失败.或者,一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用,用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的

20、灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。3。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出,A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。4。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure， a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌)to its breakdowns。”可知

21、,这个故事是原谅设计：理解失败一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌.并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知,读

22、者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。2。信息寻找题、广告阅读题信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见,体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中.这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息

23、.做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即:先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题.但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点.广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力,熟悉文化背景,利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。（1)补

24、全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如:Driver wanted. 根据文义,可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted。 （招聘一名司机)。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及,这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。(2020海南高考真题)Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences

25、 this summer. From broadcasting to street art， these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered. Broadcasting Camp Become the next star reporter, news writer， director or producer。 While running every aspect of our own news station， kids and their fellow campers will create and host a br

26、oadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web， keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali。 Secret Agent Camp In the movie Mission Impossible， Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever。 Campers who sign up for t

27、he 2week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field。Culinary Camp If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit。 Campers learn technical skills of roasting， f

28、rying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families. Street Art Camp This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level。 Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize， sketch and paint with n

29、on-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.5。How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer？A.2.B.4。C。17.D。21。6。What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp？A.Create a website。B.Run a news station。C.Meet a star reporter。D。

30、Hold a dinner party。7。Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?A.Broadcasting Camp.B.Secret Agent Camp.C。Culinary CampD.Street Art Camp。【答案】5。C 6。B 7。C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“From broadcasting to street art， these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps

31、 being offered.可知从广播到街头艺术,这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个.由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C.6。细节理解题。根据第一段中“While running every aspect of our own news station， kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp。”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作

32、并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。7。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit。 Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting， as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆

33、在厨房里,那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择.露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知,Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。3.数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单,关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系,确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文,通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰,为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”

34、,即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。At present， the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers。 Europe has only

35、 around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800。 The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6，000， which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30. H

36、ow many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present？ A。 About 6，800 B. About 3,400C。 About 2，400 D. About 1,200【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages。和The median number （中位数） of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are

37、spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。4.图文转换题此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”,迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。（2015,四川卷）50。The card above is_A.a ticketB。a postcardC.an invitationD。an advertisement51。The party is for_A.a b

38、irthdayB.the QueenC.bee watchingD.the National Day52。According to the card ,if you are unable to go ,you can。A。return the cardB.visit the MuseumC.ignore the messageD。contact Alices mother【答案】50.C 51。A 52.D【解析】这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。50.C 主旨大意题。根据文章的we are throwing a party 以及come bug with us。可知,这是一张邀

39、请函，故选择C.51.A 细节理解题。根据文章中的 Alice is turning 2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A.52。D 细节理解题。根据文章中的regrets to the Queen Bee at 601-555-4111可知如果不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D.5.代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型,所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在.（2016新课标卷III)）On one of her trips to New York several years ago， Eudora

40、Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes， another customer was approaching their table. Hey， arent you from Mississippi？ the elegant， whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. Im from Missis

41、sippi too。 Without a second thought， the woman joined the Welty party。 When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. They began telling me all the news of Mississippi， Welty said. I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking. Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sun

42、shine。 By the time the group got up to leave， it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab。 Heading back downtown toward her hotel， her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚

43、）. My friends said： Now we believe your stories， Welty added。 And I said： Now you know。 These are the people that make me write them.Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress， looked pleased with this explanation。I dont make them up， she said of the characters in her

44、 fiction these last 50 or so years。 I dont have to。Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats， Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss.， from conversations overheard on a bus。 It annoys Wel

45、ty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes， sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment（片段） of a particularly interesting story.26。 The underlined word them in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys _.A. readers B。 parties C。 friends D. stories【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年

46、纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物,根据Now we believe your stories可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。 I。 阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1RECOMMENDATIONBlue periodBlue Period focuses on students trying to pass entrance

47、exams for art schools. The story centers around a secondyear senior high school student with a passion for drawing who aspires to study at the Tokyo University of the Arts. Yamaguchi provides realistic portrayals of art school exams， which are different from the tests of regular colleges。 It has won

48、 the 2020 Cartoon Grand Prize， an annual award judged by bookstore employees and other manga enthusiasts。BeastarsBeastars is a manga series written and illustrated by Paru Itagaki。 This series was the winner of the 2018 Taisho Manga Prize。 The story takes place in a world of modern, civilized， anthr

49、opomorphic animals with a cultural divide between the carnivores and herbivores. The series takes its name from the inuniverse rank of Beastar， an individual of great talent, service， and notoriety。Spy FamilySpy Family is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tatsuya Endo。 The story fol

50、lows a spy who has to “build a family” in order to execute a mission， not realizing that the girl he adopts as a daughter and the woman he agrees to be in a fake marriage with are a mind reader and an assassin respectively.Nodame CantabileIts the winner of the 2004 Kodansha Manga Prize. The son of a

51、 famous pianist， music student Shinichi Chiaki dreams of studying abroad and becoming a conductor like his mentor。 Unfortunately, his fear of flying grounds his lofty plans! As he watches other classmates achieve what he has always wanted， Shinichi wonders if he should quit music altogether. Then on

52、e day he meets fellow student Megumi Noda, also known as Nodame. This oddball girl cannot cook, clean, or even read a music score， but she can play the piano in incomparable Cantabile style。 And she teaches Chiaki something that he has forgotten: to enjoy his music， no matter where he is。1。If you wa

53、nt to go to an art college to learn painting, you may choose 。A。Blue periodB.BeastarsC.Spy FamilyD。Nodame Cantabile2。Which of the following is not awarded a prize?A.Blue periodB。BeastarsC.Spy FamilyD。Nodame Cantabile3.If you want to experience happiness from a whole family， you may choose .A.Blue pe

54、riodB。BeastarsC。Spy FamilyD.Nodame Cantabile【答案】1.A2。C3。C【分析】这是一篇应用文.文章主要推荐了四本漫画作品，介绍了其故事内容和所获奖项等信息。1.细节理解题.根据第一段中“The story centers around a second-year senior high school student with a passion for drawing who aspires to study at the Tokyo University of the Arts.(故事围绕一名热爱绘画的高二学生展开，他渴望进入东京艺术大学学习)”可

55、知,如果你想去艺术学院学习绘画，你可以选择Blue period。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第一段中“It has won the 2020 Cartoon Grand Prize(荣获2020年卡通大奖)”;第二段中“This series was the winner of the 2018 Taisho Manga Prize.（这部漫画获得了2018年大正漫画奖)”；以及最后一段中“Its the winner of the 2004 Kodansha Manga Prize。(这是2004年讲谈社漫画奖的得主)”可知，Spy Family没有获奖。故选C。3.细节理解题.根据倒数第

56、二段中“The story follows a spy who has to build a family in order to execute a mission, not realizing that the girl he adopts as a daughter and the woman he agrees to be in a fake marriage with are a mind reader and an assassin respectively。（故事讲述的是一个间谍为了完成一项任务，不得不组建家庭,却不知道自己收养的女儿和假结婚的女人分别是读心术者和杀手）”可知，如

57、果你想体验一个大家庭的幸福，你可以选择Spy Family。故选C.2 “All puppies are cute，” explains Clive Wynne， the head of Arizona State Universitys canine-science laboratory。 “But not all puppies are equally cute.” Indeed， recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves important purposes and might play an important

58、role in binding dog and owner together.In a study，Wynne and his colleagues sought to pin down， scientifically， the timeline of puppy cuteness。 Their finding was: People consistently considered dogs most attractive when they were six to eight weeks old. This age， Wynne says， is an important developme

59、ntal period: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which puppies rely on humans for survival. Peak cuteness, then, is no accident.Humans seem to be especially vulnerable (脆弱的) to cute things。 Research dating back to the 1940s shows that almost any creature with babylike

60、features large eyes, a bulging forehead, short limbs is able to draw our liking。 But puppy cuteness is uniquely human-directed. Other research makes clear just why dogs seek to command our attention。 Oxytocin， the socalled love hormone, has been found to suddenly increase in dogs and their owners af