初中英语语法全解：初中英语语法全解-被动语态

1、第 页初中英语语法全解被动语态一、被动语态的概念与结构1.概念语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态表示主语动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。I always use the same shampoo.2.结构结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时shall/will be+过去分词am/is/are going to be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时have/has been+过去分词过去完成时had been+过去分词过去进行时was/were being+

2、过去分词过去将来时should/would be+过去分词was/were going to be+过去分词含有情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are+过去分词”构成。”其句式如下：结构肯定式主语+am/is/are+过去分词+by.否定式主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Is/Are +主语+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）is/are +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+is/are +主语+过去分词+by.?一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+过去分词”构成。其句式如下：

3、句式肯定式主语+was/were+过去分词+by.否定式主语+was/were+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Was/Were +主语+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）was/were +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+was/were +主语+过去分词+by.?When was tea brought to Korea?一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态由“shall/will be+过去分词”或“am/is/are going to be+过去分词”构成。其句式如下：句式shall/will句式肯定式主语+shall/will be+过去分词+by.否定式主语+shall/w

4、ill be+not+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Shall/Will be +主语+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）shall/will be +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+shall/will be +主语+过去分词+by.?be going to句式肯定式主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词+by.否定式主语+am/is/are+not going to+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Is/Are going to +主语+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）is/are going to be +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+am/is/are

5、 going to be +主语+过去分词+by.?A new road will be built next year.现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态由“am/is/are being+过去分词”构成。其句式如下：句式肯定式主语+am/is/are being+过去分词+by.否定式主语+am/is/are+not+being+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Is/Are +主语+being+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）is/are being +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+is/are +主语+being+过去分词+by.?A new chemistry lab i

6、s being built in our school.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been+过去分词”构成，其句式如下：句式肯定式主语+have/has been+过去分词+by.否定式主语+have/has+not+ been+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Have/Has +主语+been+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）have/has been +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+been+过去分词+by.?Many business have been forced to close.过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的

7、被动语态由“had been+过去分词”构成。其句式如下：句式肯定式主语+had been+过去分词+by.否定式主语+had+not+ been+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Had +主语+been+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）had been +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+had +主语+been+过去分词+by.?By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetii across the country had been sold out.过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被

8、动语态由“was/were being+过去分词”构成。其句式如下：句式肯定式主语+was/were being+过去分词+by.否定式主语+was/were+not+being+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Was/Were +主语+being+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）was/were being +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+was/were +主语+being+过去分词+by.?The visitors were being shown around the city at that moment.过去将来时的被动语态过去将来时的被动语态由“should/would

9、be+过去分词”或“was/were going to be+过去分词”构成。其句式如下：句式should/would句式肯定式主语+should/would be+过去分词+by.否定式主语+should/would be+not+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Should/Would +主语+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）should/would be +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+should/would +主语+be+过去分词+by.?be going to句式肯定式主语+was/were going to be+过去分词+by.否定式主语+was/were+not go

10、ing to+过去分词+by.一般疑问式Was/Were +主语going to be+过去分词+by.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）was/were going to be +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+going to be +过去分词+by.?He said the work would be done by November.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，其句式如下：句式肯定式主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by.否定式主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+by.一般疑问式情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+by

11、.特殊疑问式特殊疑问词（作主语）情态动词+be +过去分词+by.?特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+by.?Do you think teenagers should be encouraged to make their own decisions.二、被动语态的用法不清楚动作的执行者时当不清楚动作的执行者时，应用被动语态。The glass was broken yesterday.Our school was set up in 1951.强调动作的承受者时当要强调动作的承受者时，应用被动语态。The sick girl is being taken good care of

12、.不必指出动作的执行者时当不必指出动作的执行者时，应用被动语态。The machine is made in China.句法结构需要当动作的执行者有较长的修饰语时，需要用被动语态。The plan was supported by those who lives far away from the factory.主动语态与被动语态的转换主动句转换为被动句时，被动句的时态要与主动句时一样，但be动词的人称和数要根据被动句的主语来确定。（1）基本句式“主语+谓语+宾语”的转换主动句变为被动句的方法一般分为三个步骤：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；将谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式“be+过去分词

13、”；将主动句的主语改为被动句中介词by的宾语（by短语有时可以省去）We plant many trees every year.Many trees are planted by us every year.（2）句式“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的转换含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方式：可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，直接宾语不变。My grandma gave me a present yesterday.I was given a present（by my grandma）yesterday.也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词to或for。My

14、 father bought me a new computer.A new computer was bought for me（by my father）.（3）句式“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的转换含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语留在原处作为主语的补足语。The man painted the door green yesterday.The door was painted green yesterday.（4）含有短语动词的句式的转换含有短语动词的主动句变为被动句时，不能把动词与介词或副词分开，也不能遗漏动词后的介词和副词。I can

15、take good care of the dog.The dog can be taken good care of（by me）.（5） 祈使句的转换祈使句转变为被动句时，用“Let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式;否定祈使句变为被动句时，用“Dont let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式。Keep the book on the desk.Let the book be kept on the desk.被动语态的注意事项1.by短语的运用by短语的位置by短语一般放在被动句的谓语动词之后。The music was written by Abing.Which things have to

16、be done by governments and organizations?by短语的省略在被动句中，当不知道动作的执行者、不想说出动作的执行者或动作的执行者是泛指时，常省略by短语。Today, sky lanterns are used at festival and other celebrations.2.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况宾语是反身代词或相互代词的句子，不能变为被动语态。The child can dress himself.用表示状态的动词，如have,fail,fit,suit,last等作谓语的句子，不能变为被动语态。I have a new bike.The

17、 trousers fit me well.用动词leave,enter,join等作谓语的句子，不能变为被动语态。His friends left Beijing by train yesterday.宾语是动词不定式或动名词的句子，不能变为被动语态。Shed always wanted to go to Thailand.谓语动词与宾语组成的是一个不可分割的整体句子，不能变为被动语态。Finally his parents made a decision to send him to a boys boarding school.不及物动词、不及物性质的短语动词或连系动词作谓语的句子，不能

18、变为被动语态。When she woke up, the sun was rising.3.主动形式表被动意义的情况连系动词如smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。This soup tastes great.表示主语特征、状态的动词如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep,lock,clean等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。The kind of cloth washes well.表示开始、结束类的动词如start,begin,open,close,finish,stop,end等，可以用主动形式表示

19、被动意义。Classes begin at half past eight.在表示“需要”意义的need,want,require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。This desk needs repairing（=to be repaired）.形容词worth后动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。These books are worth reading.某些不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。当easy,hard,difficult,nice,fit,important,impossible等形容词后跟不定式，该形容词说明不定式的特征，不定式与句子主语虽有

20、逻辑上的被动关系，但仍然用主动形式表示被动意义。The question is easy to answer.不定时做定语，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的被动关系，同时又与句子中的另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主动关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lot of work to do today.在“疑问词+不定式”结构中，不定式与疑问词之间存在被动关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。We dont know what to do next.4.被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表示状态或情况。The shop is closed at six.被动语态可以用于进行时，

21、而系表结构多用于一般现在时货一般过去时。The bridge is being painted.被动语态可以由介词by引出动作的执行者，而系表结构常跟其他介词。I was interested by the story.系表结构可以用very,so,quite,too,rather,more,most等词修饰，而被动语态可以用greatly,widely等词修饰。I was not so satisfied with what you did.谓语动词带有时间、地点或方式状语时，多半是被动语态。The window was broken yesterday.被动语态常由“be+过去分词”构成，

22、而系表结构除了用be之外，还可以用其他连系动词。He became interested in English.例题解析( )1. I want to borrow the book, but I dont know how long it may _.For two weeks.borrowB. be borrowedC. keepD. be kept解析：主语it指书，与谓语动词“借”是被动关系，应用被动语态；how long表示一段时间，不能与终止性动词连用，故选D。( )2. You are not supposed to go to a family party unless you

23、 _ to in the US.inviteB. are not invitedC. are invitedD. will be invited解析：unless引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时替代一般将来时，排除C，根据题意可知，除非被邀请，故选B。( )3. Have you finished your report?Not yet. Ill make it if I _ another two day.giveB. are givenC. will giveD. will be given解析：if作“如果”讲时引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时替代一般将来时，排除C与D，主语I是谓语动词，g

24、ive的动作承受者，用被动语态，故选B。( )4. Its reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre _ in Spetember this pletesB. is completedC. will completeD. will be completed解析：由this year可知动作尚未发生，用一般将来时；主语是动作承受者，用被动语态，故选D。( )5. Lunar Probe Change 5 _ into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples.sendsB. will be sentC. will sendD. is sent解析：由will land可知，应用一般将来时；主语月球探测器是动作承受者，位于用被