对于igcse物理大纲

1、对于igcse物理纲领对于igcse物理纲领对于igcse物理纲领1.GeneralPhysics一般物理1.1Lengthandtime长度和时间Useanddescribetheuseofrulesandmeasuringcylinderstodeterminealengthoravolume.使用而且描绘如何用尺子和量筒丈量长度和体积。Useanddescribetheuseofclocksanddevicesformeasuringanintervaloftime.使用而且描绘如何用钟表和一些仪器丈量时间间隔。Useanddescribetheuseofamechanicalmetho

2、dforthemeasurementofasmalldistance使用并描绘利用机械的方法丈量短距离。Measureanddescribehowtomeasureashortintervaloftime(includingtheperiodofapendulum).丈量和描绘如何丈量一个短时间间隔（包含单摆的周期）。1.2Speed,velocityandacceleration速率，速度，加快度Definespeedandcalculatespeedfromtotaldistance/totaltime.定义速率和计算：速率=总行程/总时间Plotandinterpretaspeed/ti

3、megraphoradistance/timegraph.画和讲解速率/时间图像或许行程/时间图像Recognizefromtheshapeofaspeed/timegraphwhenabodyis(a)atrest,(b)movingwithconstantspeed,or(c)movingwithchangingspeed.赶快率/时间图像中鉴识出：(a)静止，(b)匀速运动和(c)变速运动。Calculatetheareaunderaspeed/timegraphtodeterminethedistancetraveledformotionwithconstantacceleration

4、.计算速率/时间图像中的面积得出匀加快运动的行程。Demonstratesomeunderstandingthataccelerationisrelatedtochangingspeed.讲解加快度和速度的改变量之间的联系。StatethattheaccelerationoffreefallforabodyneartotheEarthisconstant.说明地球表面周边的物体自由下降的加快度是衡定的。Distinguishbetweenspeedandvelocity.划分速率和速度。Recognizelinearmotionforwhichtheaccelerationisconstant

5、andcalculatetheacceleration.认识匀加快的运动而且计算加快度。Recognizemotionforwhichtheaccelerationisnotconstant.认识非匀加快运动。Describequalitativelythemotionofbodiesfallinginauniformgravitationalfieldwithandwithoutairresistance(includingreferencetoterminalvelocity).定性的描绘计和不计空气阻力物体在平均重力场中着落的运动（包含设计到末速度。1.3Massandweight质量和

6、重量Showfamiliaritywiththeideaofthemassofabody.娴熟掌握一个物体的质量的见解。Statethatweightisaforce.陈说重量是一种力。Demonstrateunderstandingthatweights(andhencemasses)maybecomparedusingabalance.说明重量（所以质量）能够用天平来比较。Demonstrateanunderstandingthatmassisapropertywhichresistschangeinmotion.说明质量是物体阻截加快度的一种性质Describe,andusethecon

7、ceptof,weightastheeffectofagravitationalfieldonamass.描绘和利用重力是重力场作用在物体上的见效的见解。1.4Density密度Describeanexperimenttodeterminethedensityofaliquidandofaregularlyshapedsolidandmakethenecessarycalculation.描绘一个丈量液体或许规则形状的固体的密度的实验并做必需的计算。Describethedeterminationofthedensityofanirregularlyshapedsolidbythemethod

8、ofdisplacementandmakethenecessarycalculation.描绘经过代替法丈量一个不规则形状的固体的密度并做必需的计算。1.5Force力(a)Effectsofforces力的作用见效Statethataforcemayproduceachangeinsizeandshapeofabody.说明一个力能够改变一个物体的大小和形状。Plotextension/loadgraphsanddescribetheassociatedexperimentalprocedure.画伸长量/力的图像并描绘这个有关实验过程。Describethewaysinwhichaforc

9、emaychangethemotionofabody.描绘力能够如何改变一个物体的运动。Findtheresultantoftwoormoreforcesactingalongthesameline.求共线的两个或多个力的协力。Interpretextension/loadgraphs.讲解伸长量/负荷的图象。StateHookesLawandallrecandusetheexpressionF=kx.说明胡克定律并记着使用F=kx。Recognizethesignificanceofthetermlimitofproportionalityforanextension/loadgraph.从

10、伸长量/负荷图像中鉴识出正比率限度。Recallandusetherelationbetweenforce,massandacceleration(includingthedirection).记着和应使劲，质量和加快度之间的关系。（F=ma）。Describe,qualitatively,motioninacurvedpathduetoaperpendicularforce(F=mv2/risnotrequired).定性的描绘物体在一个垂直力的作用下沿曲线运动。(b)Turningeffect转动见效Describethemomentofaforceasameasureofitsturni

11、ngeffectandgiveeverydayexamples.描绘力矩是力的转动见效量度而且取例子。Describe,qualitatively,thebalancingofabeamaboutapivot.定性的描绘一个杆对于支点的均衡。Performanddescribeanexperiment(involvingverticalforces)toverifythatthereisnonetmomentonabodyinequilibrium.演示和描绘一个实考证明物体在协力矩为零时会保持均衡。Applytheideaofopposingmomentstosimplesystemsine

12、quilibrium.应用反向的力矩简化一个系统的均衡。(c)Conditionsforequilibrium均衡的条件Statethat,whenthereisnoresultantforceandnoresultantturningeffect,asystemisinequilibrium.描绘当协力为零而且协力矩为零时，系统保持均衡。(d)Centreofmass质心8.Performanddescribeanexperimenttodeterminethepositionofthecentreofmassofaplanelamina.演示和描绘一个在几何平面内找出物体质心的实验。Des

13、cribequalitativelytheeffectofthepositionofthecentreofmassonthestabilityofsimpleobjects.定性的描绘质心的地点对物体坚固的影响。(e)Scalarsandvectors标量和矢量Demonstrateanunderstandingofthedifferencebetweenscalarsandvectorsandgivecommonexamples.说明和理解标量和矢量之间的差别而且提出常有的例子。Addvectorsbygraphicalrepresentationtodeterminearesultant.

14、经过图像表示求两个矢量的和。Determinegraphicallyaresultantoftwovectors.经过绘图求两个矢量的和1.6Energy,workandpower能量，功和功率(a)Energy能量Demonstrateanunderstandingthatanobjectmayhaveenergyduetoitsmotionoritsposition,andthatenergymaybetransferredandstored.描绘和理解一个物体因为运动和地点产生的能量，这个能量能够被变换和积蓄。Giveexamplesofenergyindifferentforms,in

15、cludingkinetic,gravitational,chemical,strain,nuclear,internal,electrical,lightandsound.给一些不一样样形式的能量的例子，包含动能，势能，化学能，弹性势能，核能，内能，电能，光能和声能，Giveexamplesoftheconversionofenergyfromoneformtoanotherandofitstransferfromonplacetoanother.给一些从一种形式的能量变换为另一种形式的能量，从一个地方流传到另一个地方。Applytheprincipleofenergyconservatio

16、ntosimpleexamples应用能量守恒的简单的例子。Recallandusetheexpressionsk.e.=?mv2andp.e.=mgh记着和应用表达式K.e=1/2mv和p.e=mgh(b)Energyresources能源Describehowelectricityorotherusefulformsofenergymaybeobtainedfromchemicalenergystoredinfuelwater,includingtheenergystoredinwaves,intides,andinwaterbehindhydroelectricdamsgeotherma

17、lresourcesnuclearfissionheatandlightfromtheSun描绘电能和其余合用的能量形式如何从以下能源获取的：积蓄在然连中的化学能。水包含积蓄在波和潮汐中的能量和水力电气水坝后边的水里面的重力势能地热能核裂变来自太阳的热和光能ShowanunderstandingthatenergyisreleasedbynuclearfusionintheSun.描绘和理解太阳的核裂变开释能量Showaqualitativeunderstandingofefficiency定性的理解效率(c)Work功4-relate,withoutcalculation,workdonet

18、othemagnitudeofaforceandthedistancemoved不经过计算找出做功与力的大小和挪动的行程之间的关系5-describeenergychangesintermsofworkdone描绘能量的改变就是做功6-recallanduseW=Fd=E记着和应用(d)Power功率1-relate,withoutcalculation,powertoworkdoneandtimetaken,usingappropriateexamples不用计算用适合的例子找出功率与做功和时间的关系2-recallandusetheequationP=E/tinsimplesystems记

19、着和应用在一个简单的系统P=E/t1.7Pressure压强1-relate,withoutcalculation,pressuretoforceandarea,usingappropriateexamples不经过计算，经过适合的例子得出压强，力和面积之间的联系2-describethesimplemercurybarometeranditsuseinmeasuringatmosphericpressure描绘简单的水银气压计和用它来丈量大气压强3-relate,withoutcalculation,thepressurebeneathaliquidsurfacetodepthandtode

20、nsity,usingappropriateexamples不经过计算经过适合的例子得出液体表面下的压强，升读和密度之间的关系4-useanddescribetheuseofamanometer描绘压力计的应用5recallandusetheequationp=F/A记着，会用等式P=F/A6-recallandusetheequationp=hg记着会用等式p=pgh2.ThermalPhysics热学物理2.1Simplekineticmolecularmodelofmatter物质简单分子动能模型(a)Statesofmatter物质的状态1-statethedistinguishing

21、propertiesofsolids,liquidsandgases描绘固体，液体，气体性质的差别(b)Molecularmodel分子模型1-describequalitativelythemolecularstructureofsolids,liquidsandgases定性的描绘固体，液体，气体的分子构造2-interpretthetemperatureofagasintermsofthemotionofitsmolecules以分子运动来描绘气体的温度3-describequalitativelythepressureofagasintermsofthemotionofitsmolec

22、ules以分子运动来定性的描绘气体的压强。4-describequalitativelytheeffectofachangeoftemperatureonthepressureofagasatconstantvolume定性的描绘体积不变时温度的变化对压强的影响。5-showanunderstandingoftherandommotionofparticlesinasuspensionasevidenceforthekineticmolecularmodelofmatter讲解和理解粒子的随机运动是分子动力学模型的一个实例6-describethismotion(sometimesknowna

23、sBrownianmotion)intermsofrandommolecularbombardment用分子的随机轰炸来描绘一种运动（布朗运动）7-relatethepropertiesofsolids,liquidsandgasestotheforcesanddistancesbetweenmoleculesandtothemotionofthemolecules联系固体，液体，气体的性质与分子间力，分子间距离和分子的运动8-showanappreciationthatmassiveparticlesmaybemovedbylight,fastmovingmolecules显现必定质量的粒子

24、被光照后挪动，而且挪动加快。(c)Evaporation蒸发1-describeevaporationintermsoftheescapeofmore-energeticmoleculesfromthesurfaceofaliquid以高能量的分子从液体表面逃离的方式描绘蒸发。2-relateevaporationandtheconsequentcooling联系蒸发和冷却结果3-demonstrateanunderstandingofhowtemperature,surfaceareaandoverasurfaceinfluenceevaporation描绘理解温度，表面积和表面的气流对蒸发

25、的影响。(d)Pressurechanges改变压强1-relatethechangeinvolumeofagastochangeinpressureappliedtothegasatconstanttemperature联系温度不变时，体积的改变惹起压强的改变。2-recallandusetheequationpV=constantatconstanttemperature记着和应用当温度不变时等式，PV=常数2.2Thermalproperties热性质Thermalexpansionofsolids,liquidsandgases固体，液体平易体的热膨胀。1-describequalit

26、ativelythethermalexpansionofsolids,liquidsandgases定性的描绘固体，液体平易体的热膨胀。2-identifyandexplainsomeoftheeverydayapplicationsandconsequencesofthermalexpansion描绘和讲解一些生活中热膨胀的实例3-describequalitativelytheeffectofachangeoftemperatureonthevolumeofagasatconstantpressuremention定性的描绘提到的压强一准时，温度对气体的影响。4-showanappreci

27、ationoftherelativeorderofmagnitudeoftheexpansionofsolids,liquidsandgases说明并显现固体、液体、气体之间膨胀的关系(b)MeasurementofTemperature温度的丈量1-appreciatehowaphysicalpropertywhichvarieswithtemperaturemaybeusedforthemeasurementoftemperatureandstateexamplesofsuchproperties欣赏一下变化温度的物理性质被用来丈量温度并描绘一个近似的例子2-recogizetheneed

28、forandidentifyfixedPoints鉴识和鉴识所需要的固定点3-describethestructureandactionofliquidinglassthermometers描绘一个液体温度计的构造和作用4-demonstrateunderstandingofsensitivity,rangeandlinearity说明和理解敏捷度，变化范围和线性5-describethestructureofathermocoupleandshowunderstandingofitsuseformeasuringhightemperaturesandthosewhichvaryrapidly

29、描绘热偶的构造和理解用它来丈量快速变化的高温(c)Thermalcapacity热容量1-relateariseintemperatureofabodytoanincreaseininternalenergy描绘一个物体的温度高升内能增添。2-showanunderstandingofthetermthermalcapacity理讲解明热容量3-describeanexperimenttomeasurethespecificheatcapacityofasubstance描绘一个实验丈量一个物体的比热容量。(d)Meltingandboiling消融和沸腾1-describemeltingan

30、dboilingintermsofenergyinputwithoutachangeintemperature温度不变时用汲取的能量描绘消融和沸腾2-statethemeaningofmeltingpointandboilingpoint描绘熔点和沸点的意义3-describecondensationandsolidification描绘液化和凝结4-distinguishbetweenboilingandevaporation划分沸腾和蒸发5-usethetermslatentheatofvaporizationandlatentheatoffusionandgiveamolecularin

31、terpretationoflatentheat用蒸发潜热和消融潜热和给定的分子讲解潜热。6-describeanexperimenttomeasurespecificlatentheatsforsteamandforice描绘一个丈量水流和冰的浅比热。2.3Transferofthermalenergy热能的传达(a)Conduction传导1-describeexperimentstodemonstratethepropertiesofgoodandbadconductorsofheat描绘一个热导体性能利害的实验。2-giveasimplemolecularaccountofheattr

32、ansferinsolids给出在固体中一个简单分子热能的转移。(b)Convection对流1-relateconvectioninfluidstodensitychangesanddescribeexperimentstoillustrateconvection液体密度的改变和变换的关系，描绘一个实验讲解变换。(c)Radiation辐射1-identifyinfra-redradiationaspartoftheelectromagneticspectrum鉴识红外辐射是电磁光谱的一部分。2-describeexperimentstoshowthepropertiesofgoodandb

33、ademittersandgoodandbadabsorbersofinfra-redradiation描绘一些实考证明红外辐射好的和坏的开释者和汲取者。(d)Consequencesofenergytransfer能量转移的结果1-identifyandexplainsomeoftheeverydayapplicationsandconsequencesofconduction,convectionandradiation鉴识和讲解生活中传导，变换和辐射的应用和结果。Propertiesofwaves,includinglightandsound波的性质包含光和声3.1Generalwave

34、properties一般波的性质1-describewhatismeantbywavemotionasillustratedbyvibrationinropes,springsandbyexperimentsusingwaterwaves经过用颠簸的意义讲解绳索，弹簧和水波的振动试验2-usethetermwavefront用波振面3-givethemeaningofspeed,frequency,wavelengthandamplitude给出速率，频次，波长和幅度的意义。4-recallandusetheequationv=f记着和应用等式速率=平率时间5-distinguishbetwe

35、entransverseandlongitudinalwavesandgivesuitableexamples划分横波和纵波而且举出适合的例子。6-describetheuseofwaterwavestoshow用水波描绘reflectionataplanesurface平面反射refractionduetoachangeofspeed折射因为速率的改变。diffractionproducedbywideandnarrowgaps经过宽的或窄的空隙产生衍射。7-interpretreflection,refractionanddiffractionusingwavetheory用波的理论讲解反

36、射，折射和衍射。3.2Light光(a)Reflectionoflight光的反射1-describetheformation,andgivethecharacteristics,ofanopticalimagebyaplanemirror描绘形成，给出特色在平面镜中表现的光学图像。2-usethelawangleofincidence=angleofreflection会用入射角等于反射角3-performsimpleconstructions,measurementsandcalculations演示简单的构造丈量和计算。(b)Refractionoflight光的衍射1-describe

37、anexperimentaldemonstrationoftherefractionoflight描绘一个实验讲解光的衍射现象。2-usetheterminologyfortheangleofincidenceiandangleofrefractionranddescribethepassageoflightthroughparallel-sidedtransparentmaterial会用术语入射角i折射角r而且描绘光经过两个透明的平行板。3-givethemeaningofcriticalangle给出一些重要角度的意义。4-describeinternalandtotalinternal

38、reflection描绘内部的和总的反射5-recallandusethedefinitionofrefractivenintermsofspeed记着和应用以速度定义折射率n.6-recallandusetheequationsini/sinr=n记着和应用等式sini/sinr=n7-describetheactionofopticalfibres描绘纤维光学的作用。(c)Thinconverginglens薄的汇聚透镜1-describetheactionofathinconverginglensonabeamoflight描绘薄聚焦透镜对一束光的作用。2-usethetermprinc

39、ipalfocusandfocallength会用主焦点和焦距。3-drawraydiagramstoillustratetheformationofarealimagebyasinglelens用光芒图来讲解经过单镜头形成的实相。4-drawraydiagramstoillustratetheformationofavirtualimagebyasinglelens画光芒图来讲解经过单镜头形成的虚像。5-useanddescribetheuseofasinglelensasamagnifyingglass用和描绘利用一个单镜头作为一个放大镜。(d)Dispersionoflight光的分别1

40、-giveaqualitativeaccountofthedispersionoflightasillustratedbytheactiononlightofaglassprism定性的分析当光经过棱镜分其余行为(e)Electromagneticspectrum电磁波谱1-describethemainfeaturesoftheelectromagneticspectrumandstatethatalle.m.wavestravelwiththesamehighspeedinvacuo描绘电磁波的主要特色和描绘全部的波以相同的速度在真空中流传。2-statetheapproximateval

41、ueofthespeedofelectro-magneticwaves描绘电磁波速度值。3-usethetermmonochromatic用单调的一色的。3.3Sound声音1-describetheproductionofsoundbyvibratingsources描绘声音是由振动产生。2-describethelongitudinalnatureofsoundwaves描绘声音的纵向特色。3-statetheapproximaterangeofaudiblefrequencies描绘可听得见波的大体频次。4-showanunderstandingthatamediumisrequired

42、inordertotransmitsoundwaves显现和理解声音的流传需要介质。5-describeanexperimenttodeterminethespeedofsoundinair描绘一个丈量声音在空气中流传的速度。6-relatetheloudnessandpitchofsoundwavestoamplitudeandfrequency声波的响度和音调与振幅和频次之间的关系。7-describehowthereflectionofsoundmayproduceanecho描绘声音的反射产生回声。8-describecompressionandrarefaction描绘压缩和罕见9-

43、statetheorderofmagnitudeofthespeedofsoundinair,liquidsandsolids描绘液体和固体在空气中流传速率大小的次序。4.Electricityandmagnetism电和磁4.1Simplephenomenaofmagnetism简单的磁现象1-statethepropertiesofmagnets描绘磁体的性质。2-giveanaccountofinducedmagnetism说明感生磁性3-distinguishbetweenferrousandnonferrousmaterials划分含铁和不含铁的资料。4-describemethod

44、sofmagnetisationandofdemagnetisation描绘磁化和除去磁性的方法。5-describeanexperimenttoidentifythepatternoffieldlinesroundabarmagnet描绘一个实验来鉴识一个条形磁铁四周的场线图案。6-distinguishbetweenthemagneticpropertiesofironandsteel划分铁和钢的磁性。7-distinguishbetweenthedesignanduseofpermanentmagnetsandelectromagnets划分和设计永远磁体和电磁体。4.2Electric

45、alquantities电学物理量(a)Electriccharge电荷1-describesimpleexperimentstoshowtheproductionanddetectionofelectrostaticcharges描绘一个简单的实考证明静电荷的产生和发现2-statethattherearepositiveandnegativecharges描绘存在正电荷和负电荷。3-statethatunlikechargesattractandthatlikechargesrepel描绘同种电荷排挤，异种电荷吸引。4-describeanelectricfieldasaregioninw

46、hichanelectricchargeexperiencesaforce描绘电场是一个电荷受力的地区5-distinguishbetweenelectricalconductorsandinsulatorsandgivetypicalexamples划分导体和绝缘体并给出典型的例子。6-statethatchargeismeasuredincoulombs描绘电荷由库伦来丈量。7-statethedirectionoflinesofforceanddescribesimplefieldpatterns,includingthefieldaroundapointchargeandthefiel

47、dbetweentwoparallelplates描绘力的方向和简单的场的图案，包含点电荷四周的场和两个平行板之间的场。8-giveanaccountofchargingbyinduction9-recallandusethesimpleelectronmodeltodistinguishbetweenconductorsandinsulators记着和应用简单的电子模型划分导体和绝缘体。(b)Current电流1-statethatcurrentisrelatedtotheflowofcharge描绘电流和流动电荷的关系。2-useanddescribetheuseofanammeter用和

48、描绘电流表的用法。3-showunderstandingthatacurrentisarateofflowofchargeandrecallandusetheequationl=Q/t理解电流是流动电荷的变化率，记着何用等式I=Q/t4-distinguishbetweenthedirectionofflowofelectronsandconventionalcurrent划分电子的流动方向和传统电流的方向。(c)Electro-motiveforce电动势5-statethatthee.m.f.ofasourceofelectricalenergyismeasuredinvolts描绘一个电

49、能源的电动势用伏特丈量。6-showunderstandingthate.m.f.isdefinedintermsofenergysuppliedbyasourceindrivingchargeroundacompletecircuit理解电动势被定义为能源供给的能量迫使电荷围绕整个电路。(d)Potentialdifference电势差1-statethatthepotentialdifferenceacrossacircuitcomponentismeasuredinvolts描绘经过一个电路元件的电势差用伏特丈量。2-useanddescribetheuseofavoltmeter用和描

50、绘电压表的用法。(e)Resistance电阻1-statethatresistance=p.d./currentandunderstandqualitativelyhowchangesinp.d.orresistanceaffectcurrent描绘电阻=电势差/电流而且理解如何改变电势差和电阻影响电流。2-recallandusetheequationR=V/I记着和用等式R=V/I3-describeanexperimenttodetermineresistanceusingavoltmeterandanAmmeter描绘一个实验用电压表和电流表测电阻值。4-relate(without

51、calculation)theresistanceofawiretoitslengthandtoitsdiameter不经过计算联系一个导线的电阻值与他的长度，直径的关系。5-recallandusequantitativelytheproportionalitybetweenresistanceandthelengthandtheinverseproportionalitybetweenresistanceandcross-sectionalareaofawire记着和定性的用电阻和长度成正比和面积成反比。(f)Electricalenergy电能1-recallandusetheequat

52、ionsP=IVandE=IVt记着用等式P=I*V和E=I*V*t4.3Electriccircuits电路Circuitdiagrams电路Seriesandparallelcircuits串联和并联1-drawandinterpretcircuitdiagramscontainingsources,switches,resistors(fixedandvariable),lamps,ammetersvoltmeters,magnetisingcoils,transformers,bells,fusesandrelays画和讲解电路图包含电源,开关,电阻器(固定的和变化的)灯泡,电流表,电

53、压表,电磁圈,变换器,电铃,保险丝和延缓.2-understandthatthecurrentateverypointinaseriescircuitisthesame理解串联电路中每一点电流相等.3-givethecombinedresistanceoftwoormoreresistorsinseries给出个电阻串联的总电阻.4-statethat,foraparallelcircuit,thecurrentfromthesourceislargerthanthecurrentineachbranch描绘,对于一个并联电路电源的总电流老是大于每一个之路的电流.5-drawandinterp

54、retcircuitdiagramscontainingdiodesandtransistors画和讲解电路图包含二极管和晶体三极管.6-recallandusethefactthatthesumofthep.d.sacrossthecomponentsinaseriescircuitisequaltothetotalp.d.acrossthesupply记着和应用串联电路中各用电器电势差之和等于总的电源电势差.7-recallandusethefactthatthecurrentfromthesourceisthesumofthecurrentsintheseparatebranchesof

55、aparallelcircuit记着和应用并联电路电源的总电流等于各个支路电流之和.Actionanduseofcircuitcomponents作用和用电路元件Digitalelectronics数字电子学1-statethatthecombinedresistanceoftworesistorsinparallelislessthanthatofeitherresistorbyitself描绘两个电阻并联的合电阻大于此中的随意一个电阻.2-statetheadvantagesofconnectinglampsinparallelinalightingcircuit说明照明电路中并联灯泡的长

56、处.3-describetheactionofavariablepotentialdivider(potentiometer)描绘分压器的作用.4-describetheactionofthermistorsandlightdependentresistorsandshowunderstandingoftheiruseasinputtransducers描绘热敏电阻和光敏电阻的作用而且理解它们作为输入导体的作用.5-describetheactionofacapacitorasanenergystoreandshowunderstandingofitsuseintimedelaycircuit

57、s描绘电容作为能量积蓄的作用和理解它在延缓电路中的作用.6-describetheactionofarelayandshowunderstandingofitsuseinswitchingcircuits描绘延缓的作用和理解它在开关电路中的作用.7-calculatetheeffectiveresistanceoftworesistorsinparallel计算两个电阻并联的有效电阻.8-describetheactionofadiodeandshowunderstandingofitsuseasarectifier描绘二极管的作用和说明理解它作为一个校订器的作用.9-describethea

58、ctionofatransistorasanelectricallyoperatedswitchandshowunderstandingofitsuseinswitchingcircuits描绘晶体三极管作为操作开关的作用和理解它在开关电路中的作用。10-recognizeandshowunderstandingofcircuitsoperatingaslightsensitiveswitchesandtemperatureoperatedalarms(usingarelayoratransistor)鉴识和理解灯控和温度控制开关电路（用延缓和电晶体）11-explainandusethete

59、rmsdigitalandanalogue讲解和用数字和模拟量12statethatlogicgatesarecircuitscontainingtransistorsandotherComponents说明逻辑门电路包含晶体三极管和其余元件.13-describetheactionofNOT,AND,OR,NANDandNORgates描绘非,与,或,与非和或非门.14-designandunderstandsimpledigitalcircuitscombiningseverallogicgates设计和理解几个逻辑门的复合电路。15-stateandusethesymbolsforlog

60、icgates(theAmericanANSI#Y32.14symbolswillbeused)描绘和用逻辑门的符号。4.4Dangersofelectricity电的危害1-statethehazardsof描绘这些危害damagedinsulation绝缘层破坏overheatingofcables电缆的温度过高(iii)dampconditions衰减（阻尼）条件2-showanunderstandingoftheuseoffusesandcircuit-breakers描绘和理解保险丝和断路器的作用。4.5Electromagneticeffects电磁见效(a)Electromagn