北京市首都师范大学附属中学2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题含解析

1、PAGE PAGE 23北京市首都师范大学附属中学2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）一、语法填空AThere will be a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon. Our history teacher Mr. Zhang _1_ (invite)to talk about Chinese traditional festivals. Im sure youll learn more about Chinese culture and customs. Please be present on time

2、_2_ you might take a notebook and a pen with you. After the lecture, you are welcome _3_(ask)questions and Im sure Mr. Zhang will be glad to communicate with you.【答案】1. will be invited 2. and 3. to ask【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆将有一个讲座，在周三下午4点举行。同时还介绍了讲座的一些信息。【1题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我们的历史老师张老师将被邀请来谈论中国的传统节日。根据上

3、文There will be a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon.可知为一般将来时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be invited。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：请准时到场，你可以带上笔记本和笔。根据上文Please be present on time以及后文you might take a notebook and a pen with you.可知此处为“祈使句+and+简单句”结构，相当于if引导的肯定条件句。故填and。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：讲座结束后，

4、欢迎大家提问，相信张先生会很高兴与大家进行交流。结合句意表示“欢迎做某事”短语为be welcome to do sth.。故填to ask。BDear Jo,Thanks for you letter. Sounds like you had a good Christmas. Ours _4_(be)pretty good, too. Joan arrived just after breakfast and we went for a long walk in the morning. By the time we got home Mark _5_ (cook)us a wonderf

5、ul dinner. We just sat in front of the TV during the afternoon watching old films. Then, around midnight _6_ we were just going to bed, Louise phoned form Australia to say “hallo”. She says shes hoping to come to see us next Christmas.【答案】4. was 5. had cooked 6. when【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要为作者给朋友Jo写信，讲述自己家过圣诞

6、节的经过。【4题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们的也很不错。上文ours指代“我们的圣诞节”，故谓语动词应用单数形式，且事情发生在过去故应用一般过去时。故填was。【5题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们到家时，马克已经为我们做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。根据上文By the time we got home可知表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had cooked。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然后，大约午夜时分，当我们正要睡觉时，露易丝从澳大利亚打来电话说“你好”。此处为定语从句修饰先行词midnight，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故

7、填when。CLike many travel industries, the negative influences on the environment seem to outweigh the positive _7_ (one). Though the cruise industry is relatively small compared to the airline industry, cruise ships and their passengers generate more waste and pollutant emissions while travelling and

8、docked in port. A one-week voyage generates more _8_ 50 tons of garbage, and 3.78 million litres of waste water is produced. That is water _9_ is harmful to the ocean life and cannot be poured back into the ocean without _10_ (treat). These numbers are multiplied by more than 200 cruise ships sailin

9、g the word 365 days a year.【答案】7. ones 8. than 9. which/that 10. being treated【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了像许多旅游业一样，对环境的负面影响似乎超过了正面影响。虽然邮轮行业相对于航空业来说规模较小，但邮轮及其乘客在旅行和停靠港口的过程中产生了更多的废物和污染物排放。文章列举了具体的数字来说明邮轮行业对环境的污染问题。【7题详解】考查代词。句意：像许多旅游业一样，对环境的负面影响似乎超过了正面影响。此处指代与上文“负面影响”相对的“正面影响”，指代复数可数名词influences应用代词ones。故填ones。【8题

10、详解】考查固定短语。句意：一周的航行产生超过50多吨垃圾，产生378万升废水。结合句意表示“超过”短语为more than。故填than。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：那是对海洋生物有害的水，不经过处理就不能倒回海洋。此处为定语从句修饰先行词water，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那是对海洋生物有害的水，不经过处理就不能倒回海洋。without为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，且treat与water构成被动关系，故应用being done形式。故填being treated。二、完形填空For a lo

11、ng time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students,_11_across the campus with their heavy instrument cases,_12_at school for practice hoursbefore anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to_13_music

12、, as he hated getting to school extra early._14_, one day, in the music class that was _15_of his schools standard curriculum, he was playing idly(随意地) on the piano and found it easyto pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually_16_doing it. He tried to hide his_17_pleasure

13、from the music teacher, who had wanderedover to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, _18_the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good _19_and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there _20_him. There he decided to give the cello(大提琴) a

14、 _21_. When he began practicing, he took it verycasually. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committedto practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.This _22_, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, _23_his heavy

15、 instrument case across the campus to the _24_looks of the non-musicians he had left_25_.11. A. travellingB. marchingC. pacingD. struggling12. A. rising upB. coming upC. driving upD. turning up13. A. betrayB. acceptC. avoidD. appreciate14. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. ThusD. Moreover15. A. partB. nature

16、C. basisD. spirit16. A. missedB. dislikedC. enjoyedD. denied17. A. transparentB. obviousC. falseD. similar18. A. becauseB. butC. thoughD. so19. A. earB. tasteC. heartD. voice20. A. occurred toB. took toC. appealed toD. held to21. A. changeB. chanceC. missionD. function22. A. provedB. showedC. stress

17、edD. meant23. A. pushingB. draggingC. liftingD. rushing24. A. admiringB. pityingC. annoyingD. teasing25. A. overB. asideC. behindD. out【答案】11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gabriel看到学音乐的学生拿着重重的音乐器材穿过校园，早上早练好几个小时，便不想学习音乐。然而，一天

18、他不经意地弹奏，发现他喜欢弹奏。因此他开始经历了那些学音乐的学生的历程。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他上高中的头几年，Gabriel会怜悯地看着那些拿着沉重的乐器箱在校园里挣扎的学生，赶在其他人之前出现在学校练习几个小时。A. travelling旅行；B. marching前进；C. pacing踱步；D. struggling挣扎。根据“with their heavy instrument cases”可知，每天上学的时候，Gabriel总是同情地看着背着沉重的乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校园中，struggle努力，艰难地行进，斗争，符合语境。故选D。【12题详解】考查动词短语

19、辨析。句意：在他上高中的头几年，Gabriel会怜悯地看着那些拿着沉重的乐器箱在校园里挣扎的学生，赶在其他人之前出现在学校练习几个小时。A. rising up上升；B. coming up走近；C. driving up抬高，开车赶到；D. turning up出现。根据“ at school for practice hours anyone else”可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器，turn up原意“调高(音量)”，在此意为“出现”，符合语境。故选D。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对自己发誓要避免音乐，因为他讨厌早到学校。A. betr

20、ay背叛；B. accept接受；C. avoid避免；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，Gabriel讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓要避免音乐，故选C。【14题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在音乐课上（这是他学校标准课程的一部分），他在弹钢琴，发现弹起来很容易。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Moreover而且。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选B。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在音乐课上（这

21、是他学校标准课程的一部分），他在弹钢琴，发现弹起来很容易。A. part部分；B. nature自然；C. basis基础；D. spirit精神。结合后文of his schools standard curriculum可知音乐课是学校的标准课程的一部分，言外之意就是说，每个学生都得上这个音乐课。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着一种消沉的感觉，他意识到他实际上很喜爱做这件事。A. missed错过；B. disliked不喜欢；C. enjoyed喜爱，欣赏；D. denied拒绝。根据后面一句中的“pleasure”可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。enjoy喜爱，符合

22、语境。故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他试图对走过来听他演奏的音乐老师隐藏他明显的喜悦。A. transparent透明的；B. obvious明显的；C. false错误的；D. similar相似的。根据前面一句可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。结合上文tried to hide his可知推断他对音乐的这种喜悦是很明显被发现的，所以要试图隐藏。故选B。【18题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉Gabriel他的乐感很好，并建议Gabriel到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A. because因为；B. but但是；C. though虽然；

23、D. so所以。此处为原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选A。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉Gabriel他的乐感很好，并建议Gabriel到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A. ear耳朵；B. taste味道；C. heart心；D. voice声音。根据上文可知，他随意弹奏就能成曲子，说明他有乐感。a good ear“有好的鉴赏力”，符合语境。故选A。【20题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉Gabriel他的乐感很好，并建议Gabriel到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A. occurre

24、d to发生；B. took to带走；C. appealed to吸引，呼吁；D. held to坚持。根据语境可知，老师建议Gabriel走进音乐商店看看有没有什么乐器能吸引他。故选C。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他决定试一试大提琴。A. change改变；B. chance机会；C. mission任务；D. function功能。此处考查短语give sth. a chance“尝试一下”。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过校园，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. proved证明；B. sh

25、owed展示；C. stressed强调；D. meant意味着。结合上文But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.可知Gabriel爱上了大提琴，这意味着他早上要早到学校，拖曳这沉重的乐器穿过校园。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过校园，他已经把非音乐

26、生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. pushing推；B. dragging拖拽；C. lifting举起；D. rushing冲。根据后文his heavy instrument case可知是拖拽着沉重的乐器箱。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过校园，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. admiring钦佩；B. pitying同情；C. annoying惹恼；D. teasing取笑。根据文章第一段中Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students可知，他很长时间不想

27、从事音乐，他同情地看着学音乐的学生。故选B。【25题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过校园，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. over穿过；B. aside在旁边；C. behind在后面；D. out出去。根据上题解析可知，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。leave behind“留下，超过”。故选C。三、阅读理解AFire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professio

28、nals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the tw

29、o exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your sa

30、fety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:Take your room key and IDFailed to download image : /QBM/2020/8/3/25198

31、67658747904/2522076407029760/STEM/27096eaa2417471aa51c358ccc1823c6.png close and lock the door to your room.Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on eac

32、h floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke Detect

33、orA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact reside

34、nce hall staff immediately.Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.26. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C. Fire alar

35、m pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations27. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer prese

36、nt is forbidden.28. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_.A. contact the hall staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start the smoke detector in a fireD. make certain the red light is working【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了防火的相关信息，包括：警报器的种类、消防演习的注意事项、灭火器的

37、使用、烟雾检测器的信息。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知大多数还配备了自动火灾报警系统，包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和洒水器。由此可知，火灾自动报警系统包括烟雾探测器和洒水器。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据Fire Extinguishers部分中Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.

38、可知滥用灭火器会导致罚款。由此可知，不恰当地使用灭火器会导致被处罚。故选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.可知如果您的烟雾探测器工作正常，红色指示灯应该是亮的。如遇红灯不闪烁，应立即与宿舍工作人员联系。由此可知，为了确保烟雾探测器的安全运行，应该确保红灯在工作。故选D。BGood Morn

39、ing Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef

40、Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.We love Me

41、xican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this

42、 food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend tim

43、e with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.29. What do we know about Susanna Reid? 学-科网A. S

44、he enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.30. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking mat

45、ters.D. He invites guest families for her.31. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.32. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keepi

46、ng Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less【答案】29. B 30. C 31. C 32. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every mornin

47、g, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可知，Susan

48、na在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于5的一个家庭一整天的食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。【31题详解】写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也就是给这个节目补

49、充背景信息，故选C。【32题详解】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于5的一个家庭一整天的食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己

50、做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故D项Cooking Well for Less是最佳标题。【点睛】本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。CEnough “meaningless drivel”. Thats

51、the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committees report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensibl

52、e legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, f

53、irms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a vol

54、untary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “W

55、e do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. But what would happen in practice is another matter,” he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special atten

56、tion because it is so new. “We still dont know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedontknowhowcompanieswilluseourdata

57、because their businessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonal information havebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people dont expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situa

58、tion isnt working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.33. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social

59、 media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.34. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether_.A. social media

60、firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models35. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention