2014英语冲刺点题讲义最终版

1、Text 1A deal is a dealexcept, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energyr inNew England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont lastk when it announced it was reneging on alongstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely

2、 what it had long promised it would not challengetheeeconstitutionality of Vermonts ruleshe federal court, as part of a desperate effort to kets Vermont YnuclearThelant running. Its a stunning move.has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclearerplant, an aging reac

3、tor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving se approval for the sale, the company agreed toseek permisfrom se regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the se went a step further, requiringtany extenof the plants license be subject to Vermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company wentalong.Ei

4、ther Entergy never reallyended to live by those commitments, or it simply didnt foresee whatwould happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and thediscovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yees safe

5、tyand Entergys management espelly after the company made misleading sements about thpe. Enragedby Entergys behavior, the Vermonate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an exten.Now the company it only the federalddenly claimingt the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation,ander

6、nmens regulatoryer over nuclear ies. The legal ieshe case areobscure: whereas the Supreme Cours ruledt ses do have some regulatory authority over nuclearer,legal scholars sayt Vermont case will offer aprecedent-setting test of how far thoseers extend.Certainly, there are valid concerns about the pat

7、chwork regulationst could result if every se sets its ownrules. Bud Entergy kept its word,t debate would be beside the po.The company seems to have concludedt its repuion in Vermont is already so damagedt isnoting left to lose by going to war with the se. But there should be consequen. Permisto run

8、a nuclearplant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactorshe United Ses, including Pilgrim Nuclear sion inPlymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has appd for federal permisto ket open foranother 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commis(NRC) reviews the companys application

9、, itshould ket mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closesteaning to.A condemning27. By enteringB reaffirmingC dishonoringD securing.o the 2002 agreement, Entergyended toobtain protection from Vermont regulatorsseek favor from the federal legislatu

10、reC acquire an extenof its business licenseD get permisto purchase alant28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its.A managerial practiB technical innovativenessD business viC finanl goals29.he authors view, the Vermont case will test.Entergys capacity to fulfill all its pr

11、omisesthe mature of ses patchwork regulationsC the federal authority over nuclear iesD the limits of seser over nuclear ies30. It can be inferred from the last paragrapht.A Entergys businesewhere might be affectedB the authority of the NRC will be defiedC Entergy will withdraw its PlymoupplicationD

12、Vermonts repuion might be damagedText 2In his book The TipPo, Malcolm Gladwell arguest soldemics are driven in large part bythe acting of a tiny minority of spel individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed,persuasive, or well-connected. The idea isspread.uitively compelling, b

13、ut it doesnt explain how ideas actuallyThe suped importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theorycalled the two step flow of communication: Information flows from the media to the influentials and fromthem to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step

14、 flow because it suggestst if they can just findand influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seemsto explahe sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods.any such cases,a cursory search for causes findst some

15、small group of people was wearing, promoting, or develowhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the ideatonly certain spel people can drive trendsheir recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the findingt influentials have far

16、less impact on soldemicsn is generally suped. In fact, they dont seem to be required of all.The researchers argument stems from a simple observing about sol influence, with the exception of afew cerities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notersonal,influencee

17、ven the most influential members of a population simply donteract witht many others. Yetit is precisely these non-cerity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are suped to drivesoeachldemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a soldemic to occur, however,so

18、affected, must then influence his or her own acquaan, who musturn influence theirs,and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initialinfluential. If peoplehe network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, forexl

19、e from the initial influential prove resistant, for exle the cascade of change wont propagate very faror affect many people.Building on the basic truth aboutersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics ofpopulations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating

20、a number of variablesrelating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work showst theprincipal requirement for what we call global cascades the widespread propagation of influence throughnetworks is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a crit

21、ical mass of easily influenced people,each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless ofhow influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is availableto propagate a chain reaction.31. By ci

22、ting the book The TipPo, the authorends toAyze the consequenof soldemicsB discuss influentials function in spreading ideasC exemplify peoplesuitive response to soldemicsD describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggestst the two-step-flow theoryA serves as a solution to

23、marketing problemsC has won support from influentialsWhat the researchers have observed recently showsB has helped explain certain prevalent trendsD requires solid evidence for its validity t33.A theer of influence goes with soleractionsBersonal links can be enhanced through the mediaC influentials

24、have more channels to reach the publicD most cerities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase these people in paragraph 4 refers to the ones whoA stay outside the network of sol influenceB have little contact with the source of influenceC are influenced and then influence othersD are infl

25、uenced by the initial influential l influence?B The impulse to influence othersD The inclination to rely on others35.what is the essential elementhe dynamics of soA The eagerness to be acceptedC The readiness to be influencedText 3he early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three playershe Natio

26、nal Basketball Assotion(NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he hlayed last season, however, he would have been one of 42. Thebodies playing major profesal sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have beenmoren willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,

27、 longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stoppedgrowing. Though typically about two inches taller nown 140 years ago, todays peopleespelly thosehe earlyborn to famis who have livedhe U.S. for many generationsapparently reached the

28、ir limit1960s. And they arent likely to get any taller.eral population today, at this genetic, environmentallevel, weve pretty much gone as far as we can go, says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of WrightSe University.he case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the

29、 increasinglycommon practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continuesthe age of 20, demands calories and nutrientsnotably,proteo feed expanding ties. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infectionsgothe way. But as diet and health improv

30、ed, children and adolescents have, oage, increased in heightby about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height59for men, 54for womenhasnt really changed since 1960.Genetically spe

31、aking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babieshave more difficulty passing through the birth c. Moreover, even though humans have been upright formillions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle withedalture and cannot easily withstandrepeated s

32、train imed by oversize limbs. There are some real constrast are set by the geneticarchitecture of the individualanism, says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Geneticanthropologist atums can change, but dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, seniorthe Army Research

33、 Center in Natick, Mass, ensurest 90 percent of the uniforms andworksions fit recruits without alteration. She sayst, unlike those for basketball, the length of militaryuniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human heighthe near future to design apiece of equipment, Gordon

34、 sayst by and large, you could use todays data and feel fairly confident.31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an exle toA illustrate the change of height of NBA players.B show the popularity of NBA playershe U.S.C compare different generations of NBA players.D assess the achievements omous NBA players.3

35、2. Which of the following plays a key role in body growccording to the text?A Genetic modification.C Living standards.33. On which of the following sB Natural environment.D Daily exercise.ements would the author most probably agree?A Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.B Human heig

36、ht is conditioned by the uprightture.Americans are the tallest oLarger babies tend toagehe world.e taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraphthe near futurethe garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.genetic testing will b

37、e employed in selecting sportsmen.the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The textends tol ustA the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.B human height ising even more predictable.C Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.D tetic pattern of Americans has a

38、ltered.Text 4Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin wiletterhe low

39、er half of the alphabet.Is long been knownaxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars whencustomers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantaget Adam Abbots inlife over Zo Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread betn the halves of the alphabet. Y

40、et asuspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters betn A and K.Thus the Americanand vice-have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 ofGee Bushs predesors (including his father) had surnameshehalf of the alphabet against just 16hesecond half. Even more str

41、iking, six of the seven heads ofernment of the G7 rich countries are alphabeticallyadvantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bers (Greenspan,characters. AsDuisenberg andi) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses

42、 Japaare the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabeticallydisadvantaged, ist the rot sets in early. At the start of theyear in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabe

43、ticallyfrom the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman juniets stuckhe back row,and is rarely asked the improving questionsdisadvantaged may think they have had a lucky esced by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically. Yet the result may be worse

44、 qualifications, because they get lessindividual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards;by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for jobe

45、rviews,election ballot ptheir recipients losers, lists of conferenpeakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, anderest as they plough through them.46.What does the authorend to illustrate wiAAA cars and Zodiac cars?A kind of overlooked inequality.A type of conspicuous bias.C A typ

46、e ofal prejudice.D A kind of brand discrimination.47.What can we infer from thethree paragraphs?A In both East and West, names are essential to sucs.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo Zysman.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.Some form of discrimination is too subt

47、le to recognize.48.The 4th paragraph suggeststA questions are often put to the moreelligent students.B alphabetically disadvantaged students often escfrom class.teachers should pay attention to all of their students.students should be seated according to their eyesight.What does the author mean by “

48、most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?They are getting impatient.They are noisily dozing off.They are feeling humiliated.They are busy with word puzzles.Which of the following is true according to the text?People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.VI

49、PsThehe Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.n to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D Putting things alphabetically may lead to unentional bias.1) 互联网电子商务变化上网与看电视人数对比Electronic commerce tranionsShare individual viewpos and insights；Enabetter and more efficientersonal commu

50、nication；Enjoyequal right toal opinion；Reveal and spread rumors；Occupy and waste net space；Follow trend andfashion；Help distinguish betn right and wrong；Offer proper guidance；Check and restrict unhealthycontent；Create a clean and safe environment ；Mislead children by indecent content；Indulge in viol

51、ent act and aggressive behavior2）职业道德及素质类 虚假宣传伪劣产品 排队 鼓掌 文明言行 文明交通 谦虚 宽容 医患药品回扣诚信The saniion problem o家庭作坊卫生 跳槽与商业mily workshopsthe promise of ones own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quite against profesal morals；low-quality products；the ignorance of saniion；short of occupationa

52、l disciplines.the false commerl advertising and promotion.3）环境保护 动植物保护保护森林 水污染 汽车尾气 沙尘暴 温室效应 节约资源污染the exhaustion of resourwater.；pollutions from industrial production transform many clean riverso undrinkablethe convenience brought by cars, their harmful impact on the atmosphere. garbage output, suc

53、h as plastics and glass.deforesionglobal warming, current greenhouse effect remains out of control. human exploiion of natural resour4）人生价值创新 勇气奋斗勤俭高瞻远瞩 奉献 浪费 社会公德观得与失正直诚实 持之以恒 拼搏的奥运精神 读书To be fair and upright；honest；economical and simple life；To learn to be frugal；sucs derives from persistencesuffi

54、cient willingness and efforts Olympic mottoread more books5）身体健康 锻炼 心理问题 减肥To develop good health；To keep regular exercise；To make more contributions to the society；To make do with bad diet；To neglect sports and exercise；6）教育 上网成瘾应试教育素质教育上网交友 青少年个人隐私知识学术望子成龙拔苗助长相互攀比 名牌 浪费 课业负担 恋爱占座 8090 后 富二代 校园旅游 教

55、育To concentra独生农民工创新溺爱 spoiledimited resouron creative talents, or elite；Enable students tosess better job skills ；Prepare students for future employment；To enhance the quality ofpopulation；To promote scientific and technological level ；To prepare one for a better and more meaningfullife rathern a j

56、ob；one-child policymigrant workers; impartial education opportunitiesoverwhelming; quality education.a comprehensive renovation7）文化交流 中西方文化 民族文化 老外过春节 老外学书法城市发展与历史a balanced economic development is not nesarilypanied by the sacrifice of history.Spring Festivalparticipatinghe annual ceration of the Chipracticing Chicalligraphy.cultural exchanges；acquire better understanding of each other.the traditional Chiculture.Pass down cultural habit and treasure；Absorb and