学姐微生物课件growth controlin vitro

1、School of Life Science and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChapter 20 in Brock Biology of MicroanismsLecture 6-2 Microbial Growth Control in vitro and in vivoAntiseptics防腐剂DisinfectantsSterilants杀菌剂剂II. Chemical Antimicrobial ControlDefinition: Chemicalst kill or inhibit the growth of the

2、microbialanismsCidal agents (substan剂t kill microanisms)杀灭Bacteriocidal agent Fungicidal agent Viricidal agentic agents (substanSt prevent growth)抑制剂Bacteriosic agentFungisic agentvirisic agentSelectivity of toxicity determines applications in vivo or in vitro 毒性的选择性决定了其在体内或体外的应用Antimicrobial agents

3、6.4.1 Effect of antimicrobial agents on growth6.4.2Measuring antimcirobial activity6.4 Chemical Growth ControlImportantan antimicrobial agent is added to anexponentially growing bacterial culture. (Arrow: an antimicrobial agent was added)Note the relationships betn viable andtotal cell counts. 注意活菌数

4、与总菌数的关系.Figure: 20-096.4.1 Effect of antimicrobial agents on growthImportantBacteriosic 抑菌剂Total cell counts=viable cell countsBacteriocidal杀菌剂Total cell counts viable cell countsBacteriolytic裂菌剂Total cell counts=viable cell counts6.4.1 Effect of antimicrobial agents on growthImportant6.4.2 Measurin

5、g antimicrobialactivityp.677Minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC : Smallest amount of agent needed to inhibit thegrowth of testanism 最低抑制浓度MICMethods for testing MICTube dilution technique 试管稀释法Agar diffutechnique 琼脂扩散法Tube dilution method for testing MICFig. 20.10 A series of increasing concentrati

6、ons of antibiotic ispreparedhemedium. Each tube is inoculated.The tube containing the lowest concentration of agenttcompley inhibits the growth of the testanism defines as MIC.Figure: 20-11 Agar diffu antibiotic activity 琼脂扩散法method for assayingZone of inhibition6.5 Chemical antimicrobial agents for

7、external usep.679Chemical antimicrobial agents:1.Productst used to control microanisms notpathogenic in humans (p.679 Table 20.3, will be discussed in next part)体内使用的抗微生物制剂2.Productssubdividedt prevent growth of pathogens in vitro.o: sterilants, disinfectants, sanitizers, andantiseptics体外使用的杀菌剂、剂、清洁

8、剂、组织剂（防腐剂）Sterilants, disinfectants, sanitizers, and antisepticsSterilants杀菌剂: also called sterilizers or sporicides, destroy all forms of microbial life, including endospores.可杀包括内生芽孢在内的所有微生物Disinfectants剂: kill microanisms, but not nesarilyendospores, used on inanimate objects.可杀微生物,但不包括芽孢,用于器物San

9、itizers清洁剂: reduce, but may noiminate, microbialnumbers to a level considered to be safe.减少(但不完全清除)微生物数量至一个安全的水平Antiseptics and germicides剂: kill or inhibit growth ofmicro living tianisms and are sufficiently nontoxic to be appd to es.杀死或抑制微生物生长,对活性组织无毒Safe for human useSkin-Alcohol (60-85% enol)Eye

10、 washing-silver nitrate硝酸银Wound surface washing-3% hydrogen peroxide过氧化氢Is 90-100% enol a better antisepticn 75%enol?Antiseptics剂Selective toxicity选择毒性Can be usedChemotherernally可体内使用utic agents化学治疗剂III. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS USEDIN VIVO 体内使用的抗微生物制剂烃类大环内脂醌类链霉素丝裂霉素Chemotherutic agents can be categoriz

11、ed based on their structure基于化学结构的化学治疗剂分类 Fig 20.13氨基酸与肽类似物含氮杂环类多氧菌素含氧杂环类莫能菌素Chemotherutic agents can be categorized based on their structure基于化学结构的化学治疗剂分类 Fig 20.13环脂类芳香类灰黄霉素放线菌酮磷霉素 脂肪类 Chemotherutic agents can be categorized based on their structure基于化学结构的化学治疗剂分类 Fig 20.13喹诺酮类 噁唑类Chemotherutic age

12、nts can be categorized based on their structure基于化学结构的化学治疗剂分类 Fig 20.13t中文名FLASHMode of action of antibacterial agentsImportanEach agens a characteristic spectrum ofantibacterial action.每种抗生素都有其特定的抗菌谱Fig 20.156.6 Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs人工的抗微生物药物Important6.6.1 Growth Factorogs: SulfaDrugs磺胺类药物G

13、rowth factorogs: synthetic compoundstare structurally similar to the growth factors, buttheir structural differenprevent them fromduplication the function of the natural growthfactorhe cell.生长因子类似物:与生长因子的结构相似,但不具有生长因子的功能.Figure 20.17 The sulfa drugs were thewidely used growth factor ogs to specifica

14、lly inhibit the growth of bacteria.磺胺类药物Sulfanilamide is anog of p-aminobenzoic acid, which is a part of the vitamin folic acid. Sulfanilamide acts by blocking the synthesis of folic acid, a nucleic acid precursor.磺胺是对氨基苯甲酸的类似物, 可阻断叶酸的.ive in bacteria but not in higher animals,why?Bacteria synthesiz

15、e their own folic acid, whereas higher animals obtain folic acid from their diet.细菌自己叶酸, 而高等动物从饮食中获取叶酸.Sulfanilamide iIsoniazid, a nicotinamide (vitamin) effective only against Mycobacteriumog, istuberculosis,异烟肼,一种作用于结核分支杆菌.的类似物,仅Mechanism:erfere with the synthesis ofmycobacterial-specific mycolic acid 影响分支,杆菌特异性的分支菌酸6.6.2 Other Gr