高中定语从句汇总讲解学案

1、高中定语从句汇总讲解学案英语谚语欣赏Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for-nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成Itsthefirststepthatcostsl之行，始于足下Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.定语从句相关考点1、关系代词和关系副词的选取；2、定语从句与主谓一致；3、关系代词的省略问题；4、介词+which/whom中介词的正确选用；5、that与which;who与whom;who与that;as与which之间的

2、选取；6、定语从句与强调句型；7、双重定语从句；8、way后面的定语从句9、thesame()that/assuch(.)assoas(such()that结果状语从句sothat)Step1Leading-in(导入)用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。Heisacleverstudent.HeisastudentwhoisgoodatEnglish.Helivesinasmallvillage.Hisgrandfatherlivedtherebefore.Iknowagirlwholivesinthevillagetoo.HernameisWangFang.WangFangfarmer.He

3、isahard-workingfarmer.Step2语法讲解一、定语从句的定义及相关术语.定语从句又称性从句，用来修饰某一词或一词，一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。.定语从句的要素：和;被定语从句修饰的词为先行词，先行词常为或.关系词及其功能：引导定语从句的词为关系词，分为和;关系词通常有三个功能：引导句子；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词有：;在句中充当、。关系副词有：;在句中充当。.分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句二、定语从句解题三步法：第一：找出先行词；第二：看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三：选择合适的关系词。三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词

4、I、如果先行词是表示人的词，作主语时多用who,作宾语时多用whom或that（此时可以省略）；如果先行词是表示物的词，无论作主语、宾语都可用which或that,作宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后，不能用that,只能用which.例如：.YesterdayImetMrLitoldmethewholematter.Icantfindthebookisborrowedfromthelibrary.Playerskeepwarmexercisesbeforethematchplaymuchbetterthanthosedont.Thisistheclassroominwestudy

5、.Doyouknowthemanissellingfruitsnearourschool?.Iwanttochatwiththegirlyouwerespeakingtojustnow.Aletteriswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.Doyouknowthegentlemanspokejustnow?.ThebookIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.Thefactoryinhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.II.关系代词whose作既指人又指物，在从句中作定语，译成“人的，物的”.注意：亚八。$6=先行

6、词的所有格whose+N.=the+N.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+N.例如：Thegirl,fatherisalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.Thegirl,fatherofisalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.Thegirl,ofwhomisalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.Welivedinthehotelroom,doorfacedsouth.Welivedinthehotelroom,facedsouth.Welivedinthehotelroom,facedsouth.T

7、hisisthedeskarebroken.A.legsofwhichB.whoselegsC.thatD.which.Helivesintheroom,thewindowsfacestothesouth.A.ofwhoseB.ofthatC.ofwhichD.whoseIII.如果表示先行词的一部分如何时，指物就用ofwhich,指人就用ofwhom,即some,any,several,each,two(数词),all,both等力口ofwhich或ofwhom.例如：Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5arewomen.Thebookcontains50poe

8、ms,mostwerewrittenin1930s.Theyhadasentence;themeaningwascompletelybeyondthem.Hehasthreesons,alldiedinthewar.A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.which注意：定语从句与并列句的区别定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,noneofisanengineer.Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,butnoneofisadan

9、cer.IV.如果先行词是such,so,thesame或被such,so,thesame所修饰时，关系词用as.例如：.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemshavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Dontdosuchthingsyouarenotsureabout.Thisisthesamevillageyouvisitedwhenyouwereveryyoung.注意：as在从句中作宾语时不可省略。如例3)。V、先行词是表示地点(如：place,school,factory),时间(如：time,day,week,tear,month

10、,)，原因(reason)的名词或含有地点，时间，原因意义的抽象名词，若在从句中作状语，用where(表示地点)，when(表示时间)，why(表示原因)，相当于相应的介词+which;若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，要用that或which。例如：.)Thisistheroomhelives.)Icanseetheplaygroundtheydosports.)IstillremembertheyearIjoinedtheParty.)IstillrememberthedayIjoinedtheParty.)Istillrememberthehourtherocketwaslaunched.)

11、Thisisthereasonhewaskilled.)ThisisthetownIspentmychildhood.)Thelibraryyouvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.)Illneverforgetthedaywefirstmetinthepark.)IllneverforgettheimeIspentwithyou.)ThisisthereasonIdidntcomehere.)Thereasonshegavewasnottrue.，思、考?在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词？Task:尝试用“介词+关系代词”填写下列句子IsthisthehouseS

12、hakespearewasborn?Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.Herbag,sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringshespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配Thegirlforwhomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.Heisthemanonwho

13、mIthinkyoucandepend.HereferredtosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配Hemadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.ThelibrarianwithwhomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配Therate_ai_whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasinc

14、reased.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof(在前面)whichthereisateachersdesk.小结：介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词只能用或;介词的选择要视先行词、句意及与动词的搭配而定。VI.which,as也可引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句所表达的内容(即把整个主句看成是先行词)。Which译成“这一点”；as译成“正如”.which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Ja

15、ck,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.注意：as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样asiswellknown众所周知aswasexpected正如预料的那样ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样VII.只能用that,不用which.先行词为不定代词everything,nothin

16、g.anything,little,much,all,noneFinally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.先行词被both,all,every,no,any,little,much,some修饰时Thereisnodifficulty(that)wecantsmoothaway.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.先行词同时指人和指物时Wet

17、alkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句Whichisthecarthathittheboy?Whowasthemanthatshedancedwith?.主句是therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.但若主语是人，引导词只能用who,whomThereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.当关系代词在从句中作表语时Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.相关练习H

18、edidall/everythinghecouldtohelpme.ThisistheverythingIamafter.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethingswerememberedatschool.Heistheonlymancandothework.ThisisthefirstthingIwanttosay.HeisthefinestmanIhaveeverworkedwith.Whoisthemanspoketoyouatthegate.Whichisthestarisnearesttotheearth.VIII.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中

19、。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2、在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.IX.个别先行词theway为先行词时当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词用that/which,当引导词作从句宾语时可省略；当从句不缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词用that/which/不填当先行词为point,situation,position,scene,stage,activity,case时，且从句缺少状语时用where.当先行词为occasion,且从句缺少状语时用when.练习：.ThewaysheteachesEng

20、lishisinteresting.A.不填B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich.Shetriedeverywayshecouldfindtosolvetheproblem.A.不填B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich.Hesuggestedthatweshouldsolvetheprobleminawaywaspeaceful.A.不填B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich)Canyouimagineasituationyoucanusetheword?)IcanthinkmanycasesstudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglish

21、wordsandexpressionsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.6)、Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointhecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.7)、Therearefewoccasionsmembersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.).IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.WhichB.whereC.howD.why.)Today,welldiscuss

22、anumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where.)Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituationteycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where.)OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when.)Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientr

23、eachesthepointhecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.)Ithinkyouhavegottothepointachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.)Ithinkyouhavegottothepointisimportant.)Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersare_themainsituationsEnglishisused.)Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheslikelytolosecontroloftheplane.)Hes

24、gothimselfintoadangeroussituationhemustpaymuchattentionto.四、定语从句的注意事项1、定语从句必须要有被修饰的先行词比较：.)Isthistheschoolyouvisitedlastyear?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone.)Isthisschoolyouvisitedlastyear?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone.)Isthistheschoolyoustudy?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone2.定语从句的谓语动词，应当与先行词在人称和数上保持一致.例如：

25、.)I,whoyourfriend,willhelpyouatanytime.A.beB.amC.areD.was.)Heistheonlyoneoftheworkersinthefactoryeverbeengivenamedal.A.whohasB.whohaveC.thathaveD.whomhas.)Heisoneoftheworkersinthefactoryeverbeengivenamedal.A.whohasB.whohaveC.thathaveD.whomhas.插入语问题IthinkyoushouldringTom,who(Imafraid)willnotcome.Hebo

26、ughtacoat,which(Ithink)isveryexpensive.分隔式定语从句-找准先行词Daysaregonewhenwecouldswiminthecleverrivernearourhouse.Thereisamanoutsidethedoorwhowantstoseeyou.五、定语从句与其易混淆句型巧区分定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。一、定语从句与并列句.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Mr.Liha

27、sthreedaughters,noneofisanengineer.Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,butnoneofisadancer.Mr.Lihasthreedaughters;aredoctors.定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:二、定语从句与地点状语从句.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Ricedoesntgrowwellthereisnotenoughwater.Istillrememberthefarmmyparentsworkedtenyearsago.2.定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：三、定语从句与强调句.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完

28、整与正确。ItisonthemorningofMay1stImetLiangWeiattheairport.ItisthefactoryMrWangworks.定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：四、定语从句与结果状语从句（这里只讨论thesame.as/that和such.as/that两种情况）.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Ihavethesamecomputeryouhave.Sheissuchakindandfunnygirlallofusliketomakefriendswithher.定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于五、定语从句与习惯句型1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句

29、子，使之完整与正确。ItisthefirsttimeshehasbeeninShanghai.ItwasthetimeChinesepeoplehadahardlife.2.这里小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：故填,其意为：。小题thetime是,其后是,故填。六、定语从句与单句.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,didnthelp.Themothertoldthelazyboytowork.didnthelp.含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于:七、定语从句与同位语从句.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。

30、Thenewswepickedupfromhisinformalconversationistrue.ThenewsMr.LiwillteachusEnglishnextsemesteristrue.定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于对应习：定语从句和同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别练习题Fillintheblankswithaproperword:Maryisnolongerthegirl_sheusedtobe.Maryisnolongersheusedtobe.Kunmingisnolongerthecityitwastenyearsago.Kunmingisnolongeritwas

31、tenyearsago.Allisneededisasupplyofoil.isneededisasupplyofoil.Everythinghesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.LastnightIdreamedadreamIpassedtheentranceexamination.ThedreamIdreamedlastnightwasveryfunny.WasitduringtheSecondWorldhedied?Itwasthehourthep

32、lacewasfullofjob-hunters.ItwasatthetheaterLincolnwasmurdered.ItwasthetheaterLincolnwasmurdered.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.Sheheardaterriblenoise.broughtherheartintohermouth.IsthisthemuseumIvisitedlastweek?IsthismuseumIvisitedlastweek?Imoneoftheboyswhoneverlateforschool.Imtheo

33、neoftheboyswhoneverlateforschool.LastnightItookataxi,andtookmehome.t help.LastnightItookataxi,tookmehome.t help.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidnItwasraininghard,keptusfromplayingfootball.Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm.Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ispentonafarm.Thisisthe

34、placeChairmanMaowasborn.Thisistheplacewearegoingtovisit.Tomsfatherworksatthefactorymakesshoes.AugustisthemonthcomesafterJuly,beforeSeptember.Makeamarkyouhaveanyquestions.Makeamarkattheplaceyouhaveanyquestions.Weshallgoworkingconditionsaredifficult.Weshallgototheplaceworkingconditionsaredifficult.定语从

35、句练习一一.试一试：观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。Iknowthewoman.ThewomaniscomefromFrance.Helovesthedog.Hismotherboughtthedogforhim.Thisisthesoldier.Thesoldiersavedtheboyslife.Hewasfriendlytothestranger.Hemetthestrangerinthestreet.Lillyboughtthebook.Thebookscoverispink.Theboystudieshard.Theboysfatherisadoctor.Thisisthes

36、chool.Mymotherworksintheschool.Istillrememberthatday.YouleftforBeijingonthatday.Couldyouexplainthereason?Youwerelateforthereason.Iwillneverforgetthetime.Ispentthetimewithmygrandparents.二：用适当的关系词填空：IstillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.Illneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.Mr.Blackisgoingto

37、BeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.IwillneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.Illneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfortheWestLake?

38、HaveyoueverbeetoHangZhou,liestheWestLake?TomwillgotoShanghai,livehistwobrothers.IliveinBeijing,isthecapitalofChina.TherewasatimetherewereslavesintheUSA.Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.ItwasinthestreetImetJohnyesterday.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.Themomen

39、tIsawyou,Irecognized出）you.Thisistheverynovelaboutwevetalkedsomuch.Thisisthewayhedidit.Whoisthestudentwaslateforschooltoday?Whoknowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?ShelovesplayingsoccerisverypopularintheUK.Helivesintheroomwindowfacestothesouth.Theparkisaveryquietplaceyoucanhaveerest.ThisisMr.JohnforsonI

40、broughtabookyesterday.ThisisMr.JohnforIboughtabookyesterday.Thisisthehourtheplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.AndthereisonepointIdlikeyouradvice.Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplaceyoumayspendyourweekend.定语从句强化训练二IsthereabararoundIcanhaveso

41、methingtoeat?A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whereThehouse,wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroofEdisonmadealotofinventions,ofgreatimportance.A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.IthinkwhichareIlltallaboutanewly-openedmarketyoumaygetallyoun

42、eed.A.inwhich;whichB.where;thatC.where;whatD.which;thatCanyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedaboutismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItThefenceinourgarden,myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslast

43、edforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whereWhenlostinwork,heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.asAfootballfan（球迷）ishasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.whatWetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.whichB.whenC.whyD

44、.whereThematteryouwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. for whichA. thatB. whatC. whyD. for whichWillyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuildingstandsnearthepostoffice?A.不填B.inwhichC.thatD.whereHissisterhadbecomeateacher,waswhathewantedtobe.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whichWiththedeve

45、lopmentofagriculture,thepeoplevillageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhichIhopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplaceyoumayspendyourweekend.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHemustbefromAfrica,canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.itD.whatBoththegirlandherdogwerecrossingthestreetwerehitby

46、acomingcar.A.whichB.whoC.theyI,yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisIsthisjustthecitytheforeignguestswishtopayavisit.A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toItsoneofthemostinterestingstoriesIhavereadA.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverOnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawaladyIthoughtwasyouraun

47、t.A.whoB.whomC.whichIrememberthattookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD. thatD. who amD. to that, /D. which, everD. whoseD. all whatThisisthelargestclockintheworld,theminuteD. thatD. who amD. to that, /D. which, everD. whoseD. all whatA.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whoseChinaisth

48、ebirthplaceofkites,kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhereisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.itB.AsC.ThatD.WhatWhohascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatAlltheapplesfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC

49、.whichD.whatTheyaskedhimtotellthemeverythinghesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whereIlltellyouhetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allAchildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.whosC.whoseD.whichIsthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theoneIsthismuseumsomeGermanfr

50、iendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone-Howdoyoulikethebook?-ItsquitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatWhichsentenceiswrong?ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpos

51、sibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.Thetrainshewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthatHehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.whichAntarcticweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththi

52、ckicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhichItsthethirdtimelatethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyouvearrivedD.whenyouvearrivedHeoftenhelpsthestudentshethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.becauseTheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.whenB.duri

53、ngthatC.inwhichD.whichMr.Crossettwillneverforgetthedayhespentwithhisvariousstudents.A.whenB.whichC.duringwhichD.onwhichThisisjusttheplaceIamlongingtovisittheseyears.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhereWearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.D. whereC. we stayed D.

54、 in thatD. thanB. such / as he looksD. so / as he looksD. for thatD. all of whomA.whichB.D. whereC. we stayed D. in thatD. thanB. such / as he looksD. so / as he looksD. for thatD. all of whomThehotelduringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatwestayedIhaveboughtthesamedressshei

55、swearing.A.asB.thatC.whichHeisnotafoolA.such/asheislookedC.as/asheislookedIsthatthereasonyouareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyHehastwosons,workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichThebuses,werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.mostofthatB.whichmostC.mostofwhichD.thatmostMy

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