辽宁省六校2019-2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析

1、辽宁省六校2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析辽宁省六校2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析PAGE PAGE - 38 -辽宁省六校2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析辽宁省六校20192020学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）总分150分，考试用时100分钟。选择题部分第一部分 听力（共两节,满分30分)略第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2。5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AThe London Underground (The Tu

2、be）The main source of public transport in London revolves around the Underground （or the Tube as it is known to Londoners）。 This network of 12 lines can get you to most places in the center of the city quickly.Its almost necessary to get an Oyster Card or a Travelcard. Single tickets are priced star

3、ting at the intentionally absurd price of 4.80 （Zone13), if you pay cash. Using an Oyster Card， a single fare is 2。30 if you are traveling within the central Zone 1。On hot days it is also advisable to take a bottle of water with you as Underground trains are not airconditioned。Last trains leave cent

4、ral London at around 00:30 weekdays， 23：30 Sundays. First trains leave the suburbs at around 5:00.The Bus SystemOutside the center of London, Tube Stations are farther apart， so buses help fill the gaps. Also， the bus offers a cheaper alternative， even if it is a slower journey.Cash fares for London

5、 buses have been abolished - you cannot pay cash. A bus fare costs 1。50 if people only use buses， and the fare is capped at 4。40 per day for Oyster or contactless card users。Light Rail and TrainsYou can think of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and the Tramlink as extensions of the Underground， Tra

6、velcards purchased at Tube Stations in East London。 The DLR connects with a number of the other train services （including connections at Tower Hill or Bank Stations) and can be used to reach Greenwich， Canary Wharf， and Stratford.River ServicesThere are a number of different routes along the River T

7、hames。 The faster commuter services operate all day from Greenwich Pier to Embankment and from Putney and Chelsea harbour to Blackfriars during Peak Hours only. These routes will pass a number of places of interest including the Houses of Parliament and London Bridge。 A return fare from Putney to Bl

8、ackfriars will cost about 12 pounds.National RailOnce you leave Central London or if you are traveling South of the River Thames， the best public transport option will often be National Rail。 There are numerous connections to the Rail System from the Tube。 Travelcards can be used for travel on the N

9、ational Rail (but not the Heathrow Express）。 Oyster cards can be used up to Zone 6 except certain services including Heathrow Express, Heathrow Connect and HS1.1。 When taking the London Underground, you _。A。 should buy tickets with cashB。 can go to any place in London quicklyC. can save more money w

10、ith a single ticketD。 are advised to take a bottle of water along on hot days2. If you use river services along the River Thames, you will pass _.A。 London BridgeB。 StratfordC. Canary WharfD. Tower Hill3. To travel South of the River Thames, it is recommended that you use _。A。 the London Underground

11、B. the Bus SystemC. the DLR and the TramlinkD. National Rail【答案】1. D 2。 A 3。 D【解析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了伦敦几种公共交通工具的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The London Underground （The Tube)部分中的“On hot days it is also advisable to take a bottle of water with you as Underground trains are not airconditioned。”可知，在伦敦,大热天乘坐地铁时，你最好随身携带一

12、瓶水，因为地铁内没有空调，故D项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据River Services部分中的“There are a number of different routes along the River Thames.”及“These routes will pass a number of places of interest including the Houses of Parliament and London Bridge.可知，泰晤士河沿岸有许多不同的路线，这些路线将经过许多名胜，包括议会大厦和伦敦桥,由此可知,如果你乘坐泰晤士河沿岸的公共交通路线的话，你会经过伦敦桥,故

13、A项正确。【3题详解】根据National Rail部分中的“Once you leave Central London or if you are traveling South of the River Thames， the best public transport option will often be National Rail。”可知，一旦你离开伦敦市中心，或者你在泰晤士河以南旅行，最好的公共交通选择通常是国家铁路，故D项正确.BNowadays， many parents are so busy that they seldom have family meals with

14、their children. But this is wrong。A Harvard study found that families that eat together are twice as likely to eat their five servings of fruits and vegetables a day as families who dont eat together。 Families also eat less fried food when they eat together. Finally, children who regularly eat with

15、family have diets higher in fiber, calcium， iron， and vitamins B6， B12， C and E.During family meals， parents can set a good example of healthy eating that children may follow. They also display polite table manners。 Family meals teach children important skills。When a family eats together, kids can l

16、earn about nutrition and healthy eating。 In many studies of school。aged children， those who eat family meals have a higher level of nutrition knowledge。When a family eats together, kids learn about food safety， like hand washing before eating。Children who have company at meals are slimmer than those

17、 who eat alone。 Thats because they eat less, eat more slowly， and talk more。 This is a good way to deter obesity in children.Family meals can help children build vocabulary。 Studies showed kids who ate with their families performed better at school and had a broader vocabulary。 Family meals offer an

18、 opportunity for conversations where kids learn vocabulary-building words to help them read and communicate better。Children gain a better sense of belonging within the family when they eat together with their parents at home。 Family meals offer a time for a family to come together as a group and dev

19、elop a feeling of belonging。 That sense of belonging leads to better self。esteem。In conclusion， family meals are very important。4。 The writer wants to tell us that .A. eating together with family is a good chance to teach childrenB. its more advantageous for children to eat with their familiesC。 its

20、 desirable for children to eat more regularlyD. enjoying family meals is equal to eating a big and delicious dinner5. Which of the following statements is NOT true？A. Having a company meal is easy to become fatter and fatter.B。 In the mealtime， parents should set a good example of healthy eating.C.

21、Family meals can help children with a higher level of nutrition knowledge。D. Family meals can make children form the good habit of eating。6. What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 6 mean？A. Find。B. Replace。C。 PreventD. Improve。7。 What is the passage mainly about?A. Why family is importan

22、t to kids。B。 How to eat in a healthy way。C。 How to raise children well。D. Why family meals are important.【答案】4。 B 5. A 6. C 7。 D【解析】这是一篇说明文.文章讲述了，一项研究表明:在一起吃饭的家庭比不在一起吃饭的家庭,对孩子有更积极的影响，其积极影响体现在多个方面。【4题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“A Harvard study found that families that eat together are twice as likely to eat thei

23、r five servings of fruits and vegetables a day as families who dont eat together。（哈佛大学的一项研究发现，一起吃饭的家庭每天吃五份水果和蔬菜的可能性是不在一起的家庭的两倍。）和“Finally, children who regularly eat with family have diets higher in fiber, calcium， iron， and vitamins B6, B12, C and E。（最后，经常和家人一起吃饭的孩子，其膳食纤维、钙、铁和维生素B6、B12、C和E含量较高.）以及下

24、文告诉我们小孩子和家人一起共餐的许多好处，可推断出作者想要告诉读者孩子们和家人一起吃饭更有好处。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题.由第三段首句“During family meals, parents can set a good example of healthy eating that children may follow。”（在家庭聚餐期间，父母可以树立孩子们可以效仿的健康饮食的好榜样。），可知B项正确；由第四段首句“When a family eats together， kids can learn about nutrition and healthy eating。”(当一家

25、人一起吃饭时,孩子们可以学习营养和健康饮食。），可知C项正确；由第三段中的“They also display polite table manners.”（他们还表现出礼貌的餐桌礼仪。）和第五段首句“When a family eats together, kids learn about food safety, like hand washing before eating.”（当一家人一起吃饭时，孩子们会学习食品安全，比如饭前洗手。),可知D项正确；A项未提及.故选A项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。由第六段中的“Children who have company at meals are

26、slimmer than those who eat alone。”（吃饭有伴的孩子比单独吃饭的孩子苗条。）,可知这是阻止小孩肥胖的好方法。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题.由第二段首句“A Harvard study found that families that eat together are twice as likely to eat their five servings of fruits and vegetables a day as families who dont eat together。”（哈佛大学的一项研究发现,一起吃饭的家庭每天吃五份水果和蔬菜的可能性是不在一起

27、的家庭的两倍。），第三段首句“During family meals, parents can set a good example of healthy eating that children may follow.”（在家庭聚餐期间，父母可以树立孩子们可以效仿的健康饮食的好榜样。),第四段首句“When a family eats together, kids can learn about nutrition and healthy eating。”（当一家人一起吃饭时，孩子们可以学习营养和健康饮食。）,第五段首句“When a family eats together, kids l

28、earn about food safety， like hand washing before eating.”（当一家人一起吃饭时，孩子们会学习食品安全，比如饭前洗手。），第六段首句“Children who have company at meals are slimmer than those who eat alone。(吃饭有伴的孩子比单独吃饭的孩子苗条。）,第七段首句“Family meals can help children build vocabulary.”（家庭聚餐可以帮助孩子们建立词汇量。)和第八段首句“Children gain a better sense of

29、belonging within the family when they eat together with their parents at home。”(当孩子们在家里和父母一起吃饭时，他们会获得更好的家庭归属感.），可知作者从一起吃饭的好处表明和家庭聚餐很重要.故选D项。CA storm hit Houston， Texas， on Tuesday。 It brought heavy rains and rising flood-waters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain

30、. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard。 In just four hours, more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass t

31、hrough any of the areas main roadways. On Twitter， Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground。Tuesdays rain hit parts of Texas that Hurricane Harvey had already damaged almost two years ago。 Hurricane Harvey in August， 2017 was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It cau

32、sed 125 billion worth of damage in Texas。 In the Houston area， 36 people died and about 150， 000 homes were flooded.A spokesman for the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management spoke with the Houston Chronicle. The spokesman said that this weeks rain is “not in any way a Ha

33、rvey-level event.”But the worst may not be over yet。 People will have a break from the heavy rain on Wednesday。 According to the National Weather Service， the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week。 ”Today should be our quietest over the next few days for rainfall，

34、” said Don Oettinger， a National Weather Service meteorologist (气象学家）。Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peia warned， “As there is too much water on the ground, these are perfect conditions for flash floods, so we hope people are careful of what theyre doing and encourage them to stay home。 Theres no sense i

35、n putting yourself, firefighters or anybody in danger needlessly.”8. What are Paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly about？A. Flood damage in Houston。B。 Flood prevention in Houston。C。 Heavy floods hitting Houston.D. People fighting floods in Houston。9. What do we know about Hurricane Harvey?A。 It caused no death

36、s or injuries.B. It did a lot of damage to Texas.C. It was less serious than this weeks rain.D. It was the biggest hurricane on record。10。 What can we learn from the weather report of the National Weather Service?A. Fine days are coming.B。 It will rain a little nonstop.C。 A hurricane is unavoidable.

37、D。 Floods will continue。11. What did Samuel suggest local people do?A. Stay indoors。B。 Join firefighters.C. Give up needless things.D. Comfort those who lost homes。【答案】8。 C 9. B 10。 D 11。 A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍一场风暴袭击了休斯敦，引发了大量降水和城市内水位上涨，当地政府提醒人们居家注意安全.【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Police and firefighters helped pe

38、ople move to safe places。 They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.”和第二段中“Cars could not pass through any of the areas main roadways。可知，两段主要在描写大量降水导致休斯敦城市内洪水泛滥造成的后果，C选项“泛滥的洪水袭击了休斯敦”符合文意.故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题.根据第三段最后两句“It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas。 In the Hous

39、ton area， 36 people died and about 150, 000 homes were flooded.”可知，两年前席卷德克萨斯州的飓风造成了巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡，与B选项描述一致。故选B项.【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“According to the National Weather Service， the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week。并结合该段内容可知，人们在周三能稍微松口气，但这一周后面几天降水将会继续，届时洪水必然会再次泛

40、滥。故选D项.【11题详解】细节理解题.根据最后一段Samuel所说的话“As there is too much water on the ground， these are perfect conditions for flash floods, so we hope people are careful of what theyre doing and encourage them to stay home.可知，他希望人们注意安全，并鼓励他们待在家里,与A选项“stay indoors”含义一致。故选A项。DMost of the new diseases we humans have

41、 faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals the more we risk a socalled disease “spillover” from animals to humans.“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment， humans and wildlife and animals will come in cont

42、act more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent。 “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the enviro

43、nment changes through climate change, Fair said。Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists on Fairs team at Los Alamos， are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. Its early days for this kind of research, but previous studies sugges

44、t that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak。 Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards(果园）in Malaysia to find food。 Those bats, a common disease reservoir， then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans

45、 for the first time in the late 1990s.“Were going by the past data to really predict whats going to happen in the future，” Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlifehuman interface， thats sort of an emerging disease hot spot。 And so, thats just increasing as we go forward。”Jeffrey Shaman

46、， head of the climate and health program at Columbia Universitys public health school， argues we dont yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally。 For example, mosquitoes carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year。 As

47、their habitats expand in some parts of the world， they might contract diseases elsewhere。 Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up。12。 How does climate change affect the spread of disease according to Fair

48、？A。 By breaking animals habits.B. By increasing animals varieties。C. By promoting animals breeding.D. By changing animals living environment.13。 What is the example of bats for in paragraph 3?A。 Explaining the influence of Nipah virus。B。 Proving the harm of bats to human beings。C。 Showing the effect

49、s of climate change on disease。D. Presenting scientists early study about the cause of disease.14 What can we infer from Fairs words in paragraph 4？A。 Humans should give up studying animals.B. Past data can solve the problems in the future.C。 Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out.D。 Fr

50、equent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.15. What could be the best title for the text?A。 Climate Change and Disease SpilloverB. Animals Interaction with HumansC. Scientists Prediction for Disease OutbreaksD。 Early Studies about Extreme Weather【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A【解析】本文为议论文。本文聚

51、焦气候变化给人类带来的影响,尤其会引起因人畜接触而产生的疾病的集中暴发.【12题详解】推理判断题.根据第二段最后Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats， climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,”

52、 Fair said. 费尔认为，通过改变动物栖息地,气候变化也将使疾病蔓延的机会更加频繁。:“随着气候变化造成环境变化，一切都在发生变化,并将向未来发展。”可以得知,天气变化导致的动物生存环境的变化,从而影导致疾病的蔓延。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题.第三段中的“drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards（果园）in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then

53、passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s”干旱和森林砍伐一起迫使蝙蝠离开雨林进入马来西亚的果园寻找食物.这些蝙蝠是一种常见的疾病的宿主,然后在20世纪90年代末首次通过猪将尼帕病毒传给人类。可知，文中举蝙蝠的例子就是为了更好的表明气候变化对疾病产生的影响， 故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。第四段Fair said, “And so， anytime you increase that wildlifehuman interface， thats sort of an

54、emerging disease hot spot。 And so， thats just increasing as we go forward。 任何时候，只要你增加野生动物与人类的接触，那就是一种新出现的疾病热点。由此可推断出其主要用意是指过多的接触野生动物将会引起疾病暴发.故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文的主旨句在第一段“he more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a socalled disease “spillover” from animals to human” 我们与野生动物接触越多,

55、就越有可能面临染上从动物“溢出”的疾病。接着下文用研究数据以及蝙蝠和蚊子为例来说明气候变化导致环境变化，迫使有些动物离开生存的环境，最终把疾病传染给人类.由此可知，天气的变化与疾病的关系。可知A符合题意，B选项范围太大，C、D选项太片面。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12。5分）根据短文内容，从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction。 When we eat or drink sugary foods, the s

56、ugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good。_16_In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug， one that doctors recommend we all cut down on。“It seems like every time I study an illness and trace a path to the first cause, I find my way back to sugar， says scientist Ri

57、chard Johnson. Onethird of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes. Why? “ _17_“ says Johnson。Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food， so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. I

58、n this way， we had energy stored for when there was no food. But today， most people have more than enough。 _18_So what is the solution? Its obvious that we need to eat less sugar. _19_From breakfast cereals to after-dinner desserts， our foods are increasingly filled with it. Some manufacturers even

59、use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat.But there are those who are fighting back against sugar。 _20_Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise. The battle has not

60、yet been lost。A。 We take in more energy and fat.B. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more。C。 Our ancestors were used to poor food, clothing and shelter.D。 So the very thing that once saved us， may now be killing us.E. Sugar, we believe， is one of the reasons， if not the major one。F