高中非谓语动词1 自改课件

1、非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词：概述：2. 非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.1 The teachers sitting there are from oth

2、er schools.表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词划分句子成分非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.动词不定式（The Infinitive）一. 动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done(1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前

3、。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountainstototo句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do

4、sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.Y

5、ou are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.beginstartcontinue +to do doing注意下列动词likelovehatepreferlearn+to dodoingrememberforgetregret+to dodoing1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close

6、2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest3. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone

7、_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with himtototototosb. beseen watched looked atheardlistened to feltnoticed+to do madelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong. Didyounoticeanyone(come)in? Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalong

8、time. Lookatthehorsejump. 注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如： He is often heard _(sing) the songHewasseen_(enter) theroom. to singtoenter4. it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think

9、/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.tototototoititititit用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (w

10、ater) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B. to not lookC.

11、 dont lookD. not look help(to)waterto takecryto cry1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something im

12、portant to say.please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）to write onto write with动词不定式做定语注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were very ex

13、cited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的) (原因)(结果) (条件)二.动名词的功用1.可作主语Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + d

14、oing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作宾语 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某

15、些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在动词advise, allow, fo

16、rbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。主动表被动: want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义 The room wants (cleaning). T

17、he method needs (improving). This pair of shoes require (mending). The problem needs (working out). The question is well worth (discussing)分词：Participles一 分词的概述1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。 2. 现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状

18、语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成developing country； boiling waterdeveloped country ； boiled water二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语He is a prom

19、ising young man.Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child.We only sell used books.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修

20、饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(Those wishing to join this club should sign here.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种

21、可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）the fallen leaves落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walkin

22、g in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）光说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的4.Its worthwhile learning English well.用it作形式主语，常与no use,no good,useless, worthwhile连用1.Its no use talking too much witho

23、ut doing anything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk3.Its no good smoking too much 1. Its no use _( sit ) here waiting. 2. There is no _( say )what will happen next. 3. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth? 4. It is great fun _ (play) golf.练习：2。不定式作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）你这么说真是太好了（2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢

24、了（3）我们学好英语是必要的（4）你们学好英语语法并不难3.固定句型1.It is very kind of you to say so.2.Its very foolish of him to say such things3.It is necessary for us to learn English well4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammar（1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete

25、his homework.2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site.2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reac

26、hed the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.状语定语状语宾语(宾语)补语定语现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别 现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词表主动进行

27、，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad newsGiven more attention, the trees could have grown better.If they had been given more attentionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Because he w