2021-2022学年湖北省宜昌市新合中学高三英语期末试题含解析

1、2021-2022学年湖北省宜昌市新合中学高三英语期末试题含解析一、 选择题1. _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystemto recover.A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once参考答案：D本题考查状语从句。Once 表示“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。2. Its awfully cold this morning. Yes, but its not colder than it was yesterday, _it?A. wasnt B. isnt C.

2、is D. was参考答案：C3. - We had really smoggy December this year. I cant remember winter when air was polluted so severely.A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a参考答案：D 试题分析： 句意：今年我们度过了一个雾霾的12月份。-我不记得有一个冬天空气被污染的如此严重的。第一空填a，泛指“一个雾霾的12月份”，第二空填a，泛指“一个冬天”，选D。考点：考查冠词【答案】【解析】4. _ is expected, according to the on

3、-line survey, is that prices of houses will not go up any longer. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 参考答案：D5. Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one.AcomparingBcomparesCto compareDcompared参考答案：D6. Many people expressed concern, but _ were willing to help.A. any B. some C. few D. many

4、参考答案：C略7. Mary has been waiting days for George to make a call, but up to now he . Adidnt Bhadnt Cwont Dhasnt参考答案：D略8. _ in the center of the hall _ a sculpture and a memorial the great man. A. Standing; are; to B. Placed; is; of C. Placing; are; of D. Stood; are; to参考答案：A9. More than one _ the peop

5、le heart and soul. A. official has served B. officials have served C. official has served for D. officials have served for 参考答案：A10. This is a very special flower and it can _ a strong sweet perfume at night.A. give in B. give up C. give out D. give down参考答案：C11. I havent seen _ before. Its twelve m

6、eters in_ length and fifty kilograms in _weight.A. so a big fish; a ; a B. such big a fish ; /;/C. that big a fish ; /; / D. rather big a fish ;the ;the 参考答案：C12. I tried explaining in English，_though I knew some I found it very difficult.A. and B. so C. or D. but参考答案：D 13. _ _ there, the southwest

7、desert contains a remarkable variety of plants ARarely as it rains BSometimes it rains CIt rarely rains DAlthough rarely rains 参考答案：A略14. Reportedly yesterday a group of American soldiers were walking along the road in Iraq when a bomb was _. A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up参考答案：C15. Many p

8、eople contributed money and clothing for the relief of the quake disaster areas and asked nothing .A. in turn B. in return C. in love D. in need参考答案：B16. When were the soldiers sent to the earthquake-stricken area? - _ the earthquake broke out. A. Shortly B. Unfortunately C. Straight D. Directly参考答案

9、：D二、 填空17. The Historical Change of Readers DigestDuring World War I, Mr. DeWitt Wallace was wounded in a battle. During his recovery in the hospital, he read a lot of magazines and _31_ a lot of interesting information. At the same time, he also found that few people had time to read so many magazi

10、nes that he realized the idea of excerpting (摘录) these articles and publishing them.He was _32_ to publish a pocket magazine they called Readers Digest with his wife Lila Acheson. They opened an office downstairs in an illegal hotel in Greenwich Village, New York, and spent only $5,000 in capital an

11、d began _33_ subscribers. After a period of hard work, the first volume was _34_ published on February 5, 1922. Its purpose is to inform the readers in daily life and give the readers entertainment, encouragement and guidance. The first article, _35_ How to Stay Young Mentally, was one and a half pa

12、ges long.In 1920, he put _36_ selected articles into Readers Digest samples and displayed them to major publishers in the United States. He hoped that someone would be willing to publish them, but they were all _37_. Mr. Wallace did not give up and decided to publish it himself. He worked at home wi

13、th his wife, and finally published the first issue of Readers Digest in February 1922. The first was printed in 5,000 copies, _38_ at 25 cents, and sent to 1,500 payment subscribers by mail. By 1935, the circulation of Readers Digest had reached one million copies.The Chinese _39_ of Readers Digest

14、was first published in March 1965. The first editor-in-chief was Lin Taiyi, the daughter of Mr. Lin Yutang, master of literature. In November 2004, Readers Digest and Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau announced the _40_ of a long-term publishing cooperation.参考答案：31. K 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36.

15、 H 37. G 38. J 39. E 40. F这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Mr. DeWitt Wallace克服重重困难，创办读者文摘的过程。【31题详解】句意：在医院康复期间，他读了许多杂志，掌握了许多有趣的信息。阅读杂志的过程就是吸收信息的过程。故填absorbed，意为“吸收，掌握”。K选项正确。【32题详解】句意：他决心和妻子莱拉艾奇逊一起出版一本他们称之为读者文摘的袖珍杂志。表示“决心做某事”，用be determined to do sth.，故填determined，A选项正确。【33题详解】句意：他们在纽约格林威治村的一家非法旅馆楼下开了一间办公室，只花了5000美元，开

16、始寻找订户。该空表示“寻找”，故填seeking。D选项正确。【34题详解】句意：经过一段时间的努力，第一卷于1922年2月5日正式出版。该空表示“正式地”，故填officially，C选项正确。【35题详解】句意：第一篇题为“如何保持年轻”的文章长达1.5页。该空表示“书名叫做，题目为”，故填entitled，B选项正确。【36题详解】句意：1920年，他将各种精选的文章放入读者文摘样本中，并将其展示给美国的主要出版商。该空表示“各种各样的”，故填various，H选项正确。【37题详解】句意：他希望有人愿意出版，但都被拒绝了。根据后面“hepublish it himself”可知，其他出

17、版商都拒绝了他。故J选项正确。reject意为“拒绝”。【38题详解】句意：第一份印了5000份，价格为25美分，并以邮寄方式寄给1,500名付款订户。后面的25 cents是价格，故填priced，E选项正确。【39题详解】句意：中国版的读者文摘与1965年3月首次出版。该空表示“版，版本”，故填version，E选项正确。【40题详解】句意：2004年11月，读者文摘与上海新闻出版局宣布建立长期出版合作关系。该空表示“建立”，故填establishment，F选项正确。18. Decoding the young brainThere was a funny experiment to s

18、ee how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult.After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me？” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the repl

19、y to the same question was, “I think youre a very interesting person.” Even if the adult felt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didnt reflect it because he was being polite.T

20、he secret lies in the science of the developing brain.The childs honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasnt equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question.As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful.However, the child did not inten

21、tionally hurt the adult; its just the way his brain works.As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes.The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neuron

22、s in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person sm

23、ells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain.But because the younger brain is more impulsive(

24、冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences.That is because when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult.This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people t

25、end to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”To conclude, what we know about the young brai

26、n is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive.It isnt always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.Decoding the young brainAn experime

27、nt on a young childA young child answered the question _71_ the top of his head while an adult paused, and _72_ twice before he found an answer.Causes of the _73_ reflected in the experimentThe developing brain of the young child contributed to his honest answer.He was more likely to hurt or offend

28、others _74_ he didnt intend to do so.Its just the way his brain works and with him growing up, that changes.Billions of neurons _75_up the human brain have their own mechanism for functioning.The neurons have to communicate with each other, helping us employ our senses and remember things.A person m

29、ay _76_ the smell of a cookie with the memory of eating it.A younger brain is more impulsive compared with an adults.A young childs having a natural _77_ to seek pleasure and take risks results from his young brain.This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people act in an impul

30、sive way.Warned many times before, a young child will still try something _78_ or risky.A conclusion drawn from the experimentAn adults ability to control his impulses is much _79_ and a young child is not _80_ being naughty when they make hurtful or offensive answers.参考答案：71. off 72. thought 73. ph

31、enomenon 74. although/though 75. making 76. associate 77. Tendency 78. dangerous 79. stronger/greater 80. necessarily这是一篇说明文。说明了小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不是故意为之，而是因为儿童的大脑还没有发育完全，不具备在回答问题前过滤信息的功能导致的。【71题详解】由第一段“What do you think about me？” The child answered, “You talk too much.”可知，对于提出的问题，孩子的回答总是答非所问，脱离话题。故填

32、off“脱离；离开”。【72题详解】第一段最后一句“his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer”可知孩子得出答案前总是会考虑再三。且实验已经发生在过去，故填一般过去时thought。【73题详解】第一段通过实验引出后文中分析造成这种现象的原因，故填phenomenon。【74题详解】由第二段倒数第二句“As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. How

33、ever, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult;”可知虽然孩子会说一些伤人的话，但是他们并不是有意的。故第四题填连词although/though“虽然；尽管”。【75题详解】第三段第一句“The human brain is made up of billions of neurons”可知数十亿的神经元组成了人类的大脑。本句已经存在非谓语动词have，故make做非谓语与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故填making。【76题详解】第三段最后一句“They also help us employ our senses like taste

34、and touch and help us remember things.”可知神经元通过味觉或者触觉帮助我们记住事物，故一个人可能会把饼干的味道和吃饼干的记忆联系起来。故填associate。【77题详解】第五段第一句“That is because when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult.”（孩子的大脑就会以一种“连线”的方式来寻找快乐，并且比成年人更愿意冒险。）故可知一个

35、年幼的孩子有一种寻求快乐和冒险的自然倾向，这是由他幼小的大脑决定的。故填tendency“倾向；趋势”。【78题详解】第五段倒数第一、二句 “Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”可

36、知即使父母警告过多次，孩子还是会去尝试危险和冒险的食物。故填dangerous。【79题详解】由最后一段第一句“what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive.”可知成年人比小孩子控制冲动的能力更强、更好。故填stronger或greater。【80题详解】最后一段第二句“It isnt always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of t

37、heir brains.”可知因为大脑构造的关系，小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不一定总是因为淘气。故填necessarily。三、 阅读理解19. More and more people, especially in developed countries, are becoming older. In the United States there are now over 40 million people aged 65 and over; more than 10 million are over 85. Caring for these senior citizens is

38、becoming a big industry. Traditionally care for the elderly has taken place in an extended family. Grandparents live at home and are helped by other family members. However, as more and more young people enter the work force full time, they cannot care for their parents or grandparents any more. The

39、re are more than 10,000 organizations that provide care for the elderly; more than 1,000 were founded last year alone. Ordinary people quit their jobs and start a private care centre, where they offer senior citizens their services. One of the most difficult aspects of such an organization is findin

40、g the right people to do the job. Caring for the elderly is not an easy task. It requires skill and patience. Among daily tasks are preparing meals, giving them a bath, or simply keeping them company. Many care workers quit because they find it very depressing. It is important to help the elderly st

41、ay mobile as long as possible. When they cannot walk or climb stairs they need more help, thus costs become higher. Care workers concentrate on exercises to help them stay mobile. In many cases assisted living replaces round the clock health care. Elderly people need help with some daily tasks but can mostly live on their own. It also costs less than full nursing care. While wealthy Americans turn to private care centers, those who a