数学英文词汇

1、代数部分有关基本运算：add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同

2、类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等价方程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction,commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerato

3、r分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inver

4、sefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.I-32I=32roundoff四舍五入有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumb

5、er,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数commonratio公比数

6、列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位几何部分所有的角alternateangle内错角corresponding

7、angle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形obliq

8、ue斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline直线lineseg

9、ment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebi

10、sector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex（复数形式vertices）顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标or

11、dinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的一般词汇数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypothes

12、es(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)

13、被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decima

14、lsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequ

15、ation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,th

16、enthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integra

17、l定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底b

18、ase边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoi

19、d直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca

20、(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone球sphere半球hemi

21、sphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期pe

22、riod振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviatio

23、n比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram其他数学词汇：mathematics数学theorem定理calculation计算operation运算arithmet

24、ic算术，四则运算addition加法subtraction减法multiplication乘法division除法sum和remainder余product积quotient商2plus1equals3二加一等于三4minus2equals2四减二等于二4multipliedby5,4times5四乘以五addend加数plussign加号minussign减号multiplicand被乘数multiplier乘数divisor除数dividend被除数decimalpoint小数点noughtpointfour零点四fraction分数ratio比proportion比例numerator

25、分子commondenominator公分母exponent指数differentialcalculus微分学integralcalculus积分sliderule计算尺function函数derivative导数power幂,乘方toraisetothepoweroffive使乘五次方xsquared某数的平方cubethreecubedtothefourthpower,tothepoweroffour乘四次方squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根ruleofthree比例法logarithm对数logarithmtable对数表algebra代数equation等式，方程式unk

26、nown未知数simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程微积分反函数:inversefunction.幂函数:powerfunction.指数函数:exponentialfunction.对数函数:logarithmicfunction.三角函数:trigonometricfunction.反三角函数:anti-trigonometricfunction.复合函数:compoundfunction.初等函数:elementaryfunction.双曲函数:hyperbolicfunction.反双曲函数:anti-hyper

27、bolicfunction.无穷小:infinitesimal.无穷大:infinity.连续性:continuity.间断点:discontinuouspoint.介值定理:intermediatevaluetheorem.导数:derivative.微分:differential.函数的单调性:monotonicityoffunction.曲线:curve.曲线的凹凸性:concavityofcurve.曲线的拐点:keenpointofcurve.曲率:curvature.不定积分:indefiniteintegral(indeterminateintegral).定积分:definit

28、eintegral.广义积分:improperintegral.空间解析几何:spaceanalyticgeometry.向量代数:vectoralgebra.空间直角坐标系:spacerectangularcoordinatesystem.数量积:scalarproduct.向量积:vectorproduct.混合积:tripleproduct.曲面:surface.二次曲面:second-degreesurface.线性代数Aadjont(adjugate)ofmatrixAA的伴随矩阵才augmentedmatrixA的增广矩阵Bblockdiagonalmatrix块对角矩阵block

29、matrix块矩阵basicsolutionset基础解系CCauchy-Schwarzinequality柯西-许瓦兹不等式characteristicequation特征方程characteristicpolynomial特征多项式coffcientmatrix系数矩阵cofactor代数余子式cofactorexpansion代数余子式展开columnvector列向量commutingmatrices交换矩阵consistentlinearsystem相容线性方程组Cramersrule克莱姆法则Cross-productterm交叉项Determinant行列式Diagonalent

30、ries对角元素Diagonalmatrix对角矩阵DimensionofavectorspaceV向量空间V的维数Eechelonmatrix梯形矩阵eigenspace特征空间eigenvalue特征值eigenvector特征向量eigenvectorbasis特征向量的基elementarymatrix初等矩阵elementaryrowoperations行初等变换Ffullrank满秩fundermentalsetofsolution基础解系Ggrneralsolution通解Gram-Schmidtprocess施密特正交化过程Hhomogeneouslinearequations

31、齐次线性方程组Iidentitymatrix单位矩阵inconsistentlinearsystem不相容线性方程组indefinitematrix不定矩阵indefinitquatraticform不定二次型infinite-dimensionalspace无限维空间innerproduct内积inverseofmatrixA逆矩阵j!_1JKLlinearcombination线性组合linearlydependent线性相关linearlyindependent线性无关lineartransformation线性变换lowertriangularmatrix下三角形矩阵Mmaindiag

32、onalofmatrixA矩阵的主对角matrix矩阵Nnegativedefinitequaraticform负定二次型negativesemidefinitequadraticform半负定二次型nonhomogeneousequations非齐次线性方程组nonsigularmatrix非奇异矩阵nontrivialsolution非平凡角军normofvectorV向量V的范数normalizingvectorV规范化向量orthogonalbasis正交基orthogonalcomplement正交补orthogonaldecomposition正交分角军orthogonallydi

33、agonalizablematrix矩阵的正交对角化orthogonalmatrix正交矩阵orthogonalset正交向量组orthonormalbasis规范正交基orthonomalset规范正交向量组Ppartitionedmatrix分块矩阵positivedefinitematrix正定矩阵positivedefinitequatraticform正定二次型positivesemidefinitematrix半正定矩阵positivesemidefinitequadraticform半正定二次型Qquatraticform二次型RrankofmatrixA矩阵A的秩r(A)red

34、ucedechelonmatrix最简梯形阵rowvector行向量Ssetspannedby叫空必由向量所生成similarmatrices相似矩阵similaritytransformation相似变换singularmatrix奇异矩阵solutionset解集合standardbasis标准基standardmatrix标准矩阵Isubmatrix子矩阵subspace子空间symmetricmatrix对称矩阵TtraceofmatrixA矩阵A的迹tr(A)transposeofA矩阵A的转秩占triangleinequlity三角不等式trivialsolution平凡解军Uun

35、itvector单位向量uppertriangularmatrix上三角形矩阵Vvandermondematrix范得蒙矩阵vector向量vectorspace向量空间WZzerosubspace零子空间zerovector零空间概率与统计Probabilitytheory概率论mathematicalstatistics数理统计deterministicphenomenon确定性现象randomphenomenon随机现象samplespace样本空间randomoccurrence随机事件fundamentalevent基本事件certainevent必然事件impossibleeven

36、t不可能事件randomtest随机试验incompatibleevents互不相容事件frequency频率classicalprobabilisticmodel古典概型geometricprobability几何概率conditionalprobability条件概率multiplicationtheorem乘法定理Bayessformula贝叶斯公式Priorprobability先验概率Posteriorprobability后验概率Independentevents相互独立事件Bernoullitrials贝努利试验randomvariablerandomvariable随机变量概率

37、分布概率分布分布函数离散随机变量分布律超几何分布随机抽样模型二项分布泊松分布几何分布概率密度连续随机变量均匀分布指数分布数字特征数学期望方差矩中心矩n-维随机变量二维离散随机变量联合概率分布联合分布律联合分布函数probabilitydistributiondistributionfunctiondiscreterandomvariabledistributionlawhypergeometricdistributionrandomsamplingmodelbinomialdistributionPoissondistributiongeometricdistributionprobabili

38、tydensitycontinuousrandomvariableuniformlydistributionexponentialdistributionnumericalcharactermathematicalexpectationvariancemomentcentralmomentn-dimensionalrandomvariabletwo-dimensionalrandomvariablejointprobabilitydistributionjointdistributionlaw丫-g彳、jointdistributionfunctionboundarydistributionlaw边缘分布律boundarydistributionfun