物化上双语课件35

1、 ：华东理工大学物理化学教研室Physical ChemistryYing Hu(Fifth edition)Bilingual Program ：华东理工大学物理化学教研室Bilingual ProgramThermodynamics of ponent Systems, Fugacity and ActivityChapter 3I. Thermodynamics of ponent Systems3.2 Partial Molar Quantities3.3 Chemical Potential and Fundamental Equations of Thermodynamics 3.

2、4 Equilibrium Criterions and Conditions3.5 Phase RulePartial Molar Quantities3.2 Partial Molar Quantitiesintensive propertyPartial Molar Quantity3.2 Partial Molar Quantities a pure substance.Both are the contribution of 1 mol of a substance i at a certain T and p to a certain extensive property XThe

3、 value of a Xi could be negative, a Xi* is always positive. XiXi*homogeneous multi- component system at a certain concentration. Molar QuantityGibbs-Duhem Equationor3.2 Partial Molar Quantitiesfor BinariesdXA and dXB are in opposite directions, the changes of XA and XB compensate each other.4. Relat

4、ions among Various Partial Molar Quantities of the Same Component 3.2 Partial Molar Quantities3.3 Chemical Potential and Fundamental EquationsChemical Potentialintensive property, function of T, p (or T, V, or S, p, or S, V) and compositiononly is a partial molar quantity Fundamental Equations of Th

5、ermodynamics3.3 Chemical Potential and Fundamental Equations( )1. Homogeneous ponent Systems with Changeable CompositionsFundamental Equations of Thermodynamics3.3 Chemical Potential and Fundamental Equations2. Heterogeneous ponent Systems with Changeable Compositions I. Thermodynamics of ponent Sys

6、tems3.2 Partial Molar Quantities3.3 Chemical Potential and Fundamental Equations of Thermodynamics 3.4 Equilibrium Criterions and Conditions3.5 Phase Rule1. Equilibrium Criterions This is the equilibrium criterion used in phase transitions and chemical reactions in a closed system where only the vol

7、umetric work is involved. 3.4 Equilibrium Criterions and Conditions1=1Strong attractive tendencyStrong repulsive tendency Like an ideal gas without molecular interactions.3.6 Chemical Potential and FugacityPhysical Meaning of the Fugacity1II. Fugacity, Activity and Mixing Properties3.6 Chemical Pote

8、ntial and Fugacity3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity Factor 3.8 Raoults Law and Henrys Law3.9 Ideal Mixture and Ideal Dilute Solution3.10 Chemical Potential and Activity (1)3.11 Activity and Activity Factor3.12 Chemical Potential and Activity (2)3.13 Mixing Properties and Excess Functions1. Basic Equations f

9、or Calculating Fugacity and Fugacity Factor3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity Factor1. Basic Equations for Calculating Fugacity and Fugacity Factor3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity FactorPure substanceMixture2. Experimental Method3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity FactorIn terms ofplot the experimental data or against p, the

10、 result of the graphic integration from 0 to specified pressure p is or 3. Equation-of-State Method3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity FactorSubstituting the equation of state V=V(T, p, nj) into the equations below, analytical solutions of and can be obtained. 4. Corresponding-State Methodpr=p/pc Z=Z(Tr, pr)3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity Factor4. Corresponding-State Method3.7 Fugacity and Fugacity FactorSimilar to Z, at low temperatures, with the increase of pressure, first descends and les