语法系列01名词变复数 详细版课件

1、语法系列01名词变复数语法系列01: 名词变复数P6 1.规则动词:P12 2.不规则动词:P13 1) 元音字母发变化. P15 2) 词尾发生变化.P17 3) 单、复数形式相同. fish Chinese meansP27 4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。 People police cattle the EnglishP31 5)名词作定语一般不用复数P34 6) 合成名词变为复数P39 7) 有些名词只作复数。P41 8)另类复数:P43 3.复数读音PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP1.规则动词:1）一般情况下加-s 如:bookbooks desk-desks 2）以s

2、 ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如:busbuses box-boxeswatch watches brush-brushes注意: stomach-stomachs 以 th 结尾加-s, month-months 3)以辅音字母+ y结尾, 变y为i再加- es. 如：citycities country-countries以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数： 如： two Marys the Henrys day-days boy-boysmonkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 比较： 层楼：storey -storeys

3、 = story-stories4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es 如：knife-knives, half-halves(thief, wife, life, shelf, knife, leaf, self, half, wolf) 注意：有少数词后直接加s，如:roof-roofs (屋顶) belief-beliefs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；均可,如： handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 5)以o结尾： (1) 加-es 如：tomato-tomatoes(西红杮) potato-potato

4、es(土豆) The Negro hero goes to the volcanoes to plant some tomatoes and potatoes.(2) 加-s 如：piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园) photo-photos (照片), kilo-kilos(千克kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠) (3)注意zero 两种方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零) 2.不规则动词:1) 元音字母发变化. 如: man-men(男人) ， woman-women(妇女) policeman-policemen(警察) police

5、woman-policewomen(女警察) Salesman-salesmentooth-teeth(牙齿) ， foot-feet(脚) mouse-mice(老鼠) ， Humans Romans Germans2) 词尾发生变化.child-children，ox-oxen(公牛)Bacterium bacteria medium media 3) 单、复数形式 相同.fish-fish(鱼)，sheep-sheep(绵羊)，deer-deer(鹿), Chinese-Chinese(中国人) ，Japanese, Swiss, (瑞士人)yuan-Yuan(元) ，jing-jing

6、(斤) 注意 不说an English，要说an Englishman. 鱼:单复数同形,即: 一条鱼 a fish 十条鱼 ten fish fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。一块鱼肉 a piece of fishfishes指各种不同种类鱼两种鱼 two fishes汉语拼音表示的度量衡单位名称如人民币元、角、分，不用复数; 英文本身或公制单位如美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 44.Every possible means _ (try).45.All possible means _ (try

7、).46.That iron and steel works _ (lie) east of the town.means方法, works工厂, species物种, crossroads, head(作量词,如two head of cattle),sheep, deer,fish; Chinese, Japanese, Swiss瑞士人: 单复数同形,作单数还是复数取决于前面的修饰词.work工作,U; 著作,C.has been triedhave been triedliesWork 工作, 不可数; ( job 工作,可数. )一份工作:A piece of work = a jo

8、b著作, 可数;一部著作 两部著作 A work two works 莎士比亚的著作Shakespeares works 工厂 works这里有一家工厂.There is a works.这里有两家工厂.There are two works.This means is useful.These means are useful.A crossroads is ahead.Two crossroads are ahead.One species of animal is dying out.Two species of animal are dying out.One head of catt

9、le is grazing.Two head of cattle are grazing.The cattle are grazing.The police are after the thief.A policeman / policewoman is after the thief.The Chinese people are a brave and industrious people.One sheep; two sheepOne deer; two deer一条鱼 两条鱼 One fish; two fish 两种鱼 两块鱼肉Two fishes; two pieces of fis

10、h一个瑞士人 两个瑞士人One Swiss two Swiss瑞士人民The Swiss (people) areA works a work a piece of workI ate two fish.I ate two fishes.I ate two pieces of fish.A head of cattle two head of cattleHe is British. He is an american.The Chinese (people)the Americans the American people.4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。 People police catt

11、le the Englishpeople(人，人们) 一个人: 不说a people，而说a person三个人:three people= three personsPeople 表示民族有单复数: 一个民族a people, 两个民族 two peoplesThe friendship between the two peoples of China and Japan. the English / the British，the French，the Chinese，the Swiss 等词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的人民。 The Chinese (peop

12、le) are an industrious / hard-working and brave people. The two shoes are a pair.They two are a couple. police(公安，警察)一个警察: 不说a police，可说a policeman十个警察: ten policemen = ten police cattle The cattle are grazing.一头牛 a head of cattle两头牛 two head(s) of cattle“头牛” 量词单复数同形:一头牛_五头牛_一群牛_ 牛肉 _肉牛, 菜牛 _奶牛,母牛_

13、公牛,牛 _ 小牛 _猪肉_ 腊肉_羊肉_a herd of cattlea head of cattlefive head of cattle cow ox (复数oxen) bullcalfbeef cattle / meat cattlebeefmeat / porkmuttonbacon / smoked meat5)名词作定语一般不用复数5)名词作定语不用复数, 一般只把后一名词变成复数。 如 a boy student-boy studentsa girlfriend-girlfriends The Student Union= the Students Union例外: 由man

14、和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。 如：a man driver-two men driversa woman doctor- ten women doctors名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。 如:Englishman-Englishmen Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen 注意German不是复合词，它的复数是Germans。Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。Humans Romans 6) 合成名词变为复数6) 合成名词变为复数时，

15、通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。 如：passer-by passers-by(过路人) bus driver bus drivers(汽车司机) 注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如： grown-up-grown-ups(成年人) letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱) 注意:hair和fruit通常作单数表示总体。表示若干根头发或若干种水果用复数. 如：Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果？ We bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我们从市场上买了许多水果， Chin

16、a has some good fruits. 中国有一些好的水果。(指种类) She has a few white hairs. 她有几根白头发。 His black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。wind ,snow和rain这类词，表数量或份量,用不可数. 如: 大量雨水: much rain.也可以有复数形式，表示多次的风、雪或雨。 两场雨:two rains 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 7) 有些名词只作复数。7) 有些名词只作复数。 如:trousers(裤子)M

17、y trousers are new.I bought a pair of trousers. scissors(剪刀) chopsticks (筷子)shorts(短裤) jeans(工装裤) compasses(两脚规) scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜) savings(储蓄)surroundings(环境) 8)另类复数:另类复数:Quiz QuizzesDos and donts 1980s = 1980s Two as3.复数读音 情况 构成方法 读音 1.一般: 加 s 清辅音后读/s/ 例词: help-helps浊辅音和元音后读/z/ 例词: swim-swims；2