语法 详细版课件

1、Grammar 第三次月考语法复习Part One 定语从句 关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人物定语I like those books whose topic

2、s are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人物主语，宾语He is such a pers

3、on as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） The plan that/which they argued about wa

4、s settled at last. （作宾语） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollu

5、tion. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen.（二）有些情况下，只用 that 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing,

6、 none等代词时。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。例如： The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen. 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the th

7、ings and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for one

8、self dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.先行词是those时。例如： Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me

9、 the book whose cover is red. 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.与whose有关的问题关系代

10、词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语）Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。介词前提的问题 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take

11、 care of等。例如：错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.介词前提的问题情况用法说明例句只用that的情况先行词

12、为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very修饰时句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the be

13、st film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those,

14、 one, he时多用who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.that与which, who, whom的用法区别：1. Rice is a plant _ is grown in the south.2. Those _ want to go please sign their names he

15、re.3. All _ glitters is not gold.4. This is the only way leads to your success.5. Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.1. that/which 2. who 3. that 4. that 5. that 6. (that) 7. (that) 8. whose 9. that 10. whom用关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose填空6. This is the bi

16、ggest building _we have ever built in our school.7. This is the second school _ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.8. There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow.9. You can take any seat _ is free.10. Could you tell me from _ you borrowed this book?用关系代词t

17、hat, which, who, whom或whose填空Unit 2 Grammar and usageattributive clause(2)Fill in the blanks with “who, whom, whose, that and which”.1. One fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. Is this the shop sells childrens clothing?3. This is the boy football was lost.4. That you borrowed from me w

18、asnt a real diamond necklace.5. He is no longer the shy boy he was.whothatwhosewhichthat6. They refused to take on anyone _ eyesight was poor.7. The gentleman _you told me about yesterday proved to be thief.8. Who is the student was late for school ?whosewhomthat2) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pa

19、y attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。3)当先行词是way的时候,我们可以使用that 或in which引导定语从句.在这种情况下that 或in whic

20、h也可以省略.appendix1.The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.2. This is the house_ _ LuXun once lived.3. He will never forget the day _ _ he came to Beijing.4.The reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.5. The fellow _ _ I spoke made no answer.Fill in the blanks with proper wordsfrom who

21、min which on which for which to whom6. The West Lake,_ _Hangzhou is famous ,is a beautiful place.7. This is the shop _ _ my daughter works. 8. The pencil_ _ he wrote was broken.9. She has three children, all_ _ are at school.10.The policeman_ _ the thief was caught is an old man.11. I was surprised

22、at the way_ _ he treated the old manfor whichin which with which of whom by whomin whichRelative adverbs: when, where, and whyIf the antecedent refers to a certain period of time and is used as the adverbial of time in the attributive clause, when is used to introduce the clause.I will never forget

23、the day when we first met.I will never forget the day on which we first met.on the dayIf the antecedent refers to a place and is used as the adverbial of place in the attributive clause,where is used to introduce the clause.He doesntt remember the name of the farm where his father once worked.He doe

24、sntt remember the name of the farm on which his father once worked.on the farmWhen the antecedent is reason ,why is used to introduce the clause.Please tell me the reason why you were late again.Please tell me the reason for which you were late again.for the reasonExercises:1.After living in Paris f

25、or fifty year as he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child.which B. where C. that D. when2. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.until B. that C. when D. where3. The reason_they quarreled is quite clear.A. that B why C. when D. in whichPl

26、ease compare the following sentences and fill in the blanks.1. I still remember the days we visited the country-side.2. I still remember the days we spent together.3. I return to the village I was brought up.Relative adverbs: when, where and why whenthatwhere4. I return to the village we paid a visi

27、t to last week.5. I dont know the reason he was late. 6. I dont know the reason he explained to the teacher.thatwhythatTo combine the two sentences into one sentence using when why and where1.Ill never forget the day. I joined the PLA on that day.2. Li Fang lives in that street. Do you know the stre

28、et?3. Can you explain the reason .you acted in that way for it.Ill never forget the day when I joined the PLA.Do you know the street where Li Fang lives?Can you explain the reason why you acted in that way?Summary: If you want to choose the correct relative pronouns or relative adverbs, first, you s

29、hould find the antecedent and then you should decide which part the antecedent plays in the sentence, the subject, the object or the adverbial. 常见错误类型举例一、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。如1Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 2The book that you need it is in the library 二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如： 1.Anyone who break t

30、he law will be punished 2.Those who has finished may go home breakshave3.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 4.This is one of the rooms that is free now 三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。 1.The key opens the bike is missing 2.Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth knowsareWh

31、ich/thatWho/that四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如： 1.The house where he lives in needs repairing2.I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 1.I still remember the day when we spent together2.This is the house where we lived in last year which/thatwhich/ that 六、在先行词r

32、eason后错用关系副词why。 1.Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？ 2.I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late which/thatwhichthat七、误将强调句型当定语从句。如： 1.It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out 2.Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come？ thatthat1.

33、_ have plenty of money will help their friend. A. Those who B. He who C. That who D. You who2.This is the longest train _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. whom3._ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.A. Which B. That C. As D. Who 4.I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the

34、 farm _ you visited last week. A. when, where B. which, which C. when , which D. which , where 5.The radio set _ last week has gone wrong. A. I bought it B. which I bought it C. I bought D. what I bought6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.

35、A. these B. them C. that D. which7.The day will come _ the people all over the world will win liberation. A. that B. where C. which D. when8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _ in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working9.They talked for about an hour of things and

36、 persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom10.My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that11.He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. from him C. from whom D. whom12.I have b

37、ought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what13.A harvester is a machine _ we harvest crops or a person _ is harvesting. A. which , who B. that , that C. with which , who D./, that14.In the police station I saw the man from _ room the thief had stolen the TV set. A. whom B. w

38、hich C. that D. whose15.This is the very reason _ we all know. A. why B. that C. for which D. what 16.Please put the letter _ he can easily find it. A. in which B. where C. the place where D. in the place17.The house _ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago. A. which B. in front of w

39、hich C. that D. in the front of which 18.Antarctic, _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which19.The reason _ I was away from school is _ I was ill yesterday. A. that, that B. why, why C. why, that D. that, why20.It was a meeting _ im

40、portance I didnt realize at that time. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose21. This is the store _we visited the famous shop assistants. A. where B. there C. that D. which22.They have decided to stay at home, _ , I think , _ a wise choice. A. which , are B. which , is C. that , are D. that , is23.A

41、ll the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. those B. that C. which D. what24.Did you see the man _ ? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to 25. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 26.

42、 Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me. A. as B. that C. of which D. about which27. Ive seen the same film _ you saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. like 28. Ill buy the same coat _ you wear. A. that B. which C. as D. like 29. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great impor

43、tance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 30. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 31. This is the first time _ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which 32. I dont li

44、ke _ you speak to her. A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 33.I dont think the number of people _ this happens is very large. A. whom B. to whom C. on whom D. which34.Ahead of me I saw a woman _ I thought was my aunt.who B. whom C. of whom D. whose35.The man and the h

45、orse _ fell into the river were drowned. A. which B. who C. that D. of which36.We put the corn _ the birds could find it easily. A. which B. where C. of which D. there37._ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A. It B. As C. That D. Which38. I, who _ your best friend, wil

46、l do what I can to help you. A. is B. am C. be D. were39.I dont believe the reason _ you just gave to me.A. what B. why C. that D. for which40. He is one of the students who _ late this morning. A. is B. was C. are D. were41. He is the only one of the students who _ this morning.A. is B. was C. are

47、D. were42.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese book, and _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whosePart Two 反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式： He like

48、s English, doesnt he? 他喜欢英语，不是吗？ He doesnt like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语，是吗？一、基本用法与结构1. We can still be friends, cant we?2. He doesnt like ice cream, does he?1. 肯定陈述句后反意疑问句用否定形式，否定陈述句后反意疑问句用肯定形式1）当主语是someone, somebody, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, nobody, no one等不定代词时， 反意疑问句中的代词用they或者he. 2

49、）当主语是this, that, something, nothing, anything, 不定式，动名词，或从句时，反意疑问句中的代词用it 1. His father cant name the plant, can he?2. Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet, havent they/hasnt he?3. This is a lovely clock, isnt it?2. 陈述句中的主语是名词，反意疑问句中用相应的代词来代替陈述句中的主语。1）作“禁止”讲时，用must2）作“必须”讲时，用 mustnt / neednt3

50、）作“肯定”讲时，根据动作发生的时间，选用不同的时态。1. He dare not cross the street alone, dare he?2. We neednt finish it today, need/must we?3. Students mustnt be late, must they?4. He must be in his room now, isnt he?3. 陈述句中动词是情态动词时，一般用情态动词+代词的形式。情态动词must用法如下：4. 陈述句中用了表示否定意思的neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little, ne

51、ver, hardly, seldom等词后，反意疑问句用肯定形式。但陈述句中否定意义前缀或后缀的词，不影响反意疑问句的形式。1. Neither of you will have coffee, will you?2. She seldom argues with others, does she?3. No one has found my CD, have they?4. Its unfair, isnt it?5. They are hopeless, arent they? 陈述句中用了表示否定意思的词5. 在祈使句后的反意疑问句中， 一般用will you，但在Lets 开头的祈使

52、句后，一般用shall we。1. Post a letter for me, will you?2. Dont tell him about it, will you?3. Lets go, shall we?4. Let him go, will you?Lets 与 Let us6. 在主从复合句中，一般与主句的谓语动词一致，但在主句主语是第一人称，并且谓语部分为think, believe, imagine, suppose等时，疑问句一般与从句的谓语一致。1. They told me it was not true, didnt they?2. I believe he can m

53、ake it, cant he?3. We dont believe we were defeated, were we?7. 反意疑问句的回答方式是根据事实情况回答，而不受提问方式影响。1. We havent been informed, have we?Yes, we have. （不，我们接到通知了。）No, we havent. （对，还没有。）反意疑问句的回答1当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，反意疑问句的主语也用there。 e.g. There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有，是吗？2感叹句的反意疑问句，其谓语要

54、求用否定句。 e.g. What a beautiful day, isnt it? 多好的天气，不是吗？常见句型的反意疑问句A) 祈使句是否定形式，反意疑问句用will you。 e.g. Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。B) 祈使句是肯定形式，反意疑问句用肯定、否定均可。 e.g. Please help us, will you/wont you? 请帮帮我们，好吗？C) Let开头的祈使句要注意： 1. Lets 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反 意疑问句往往用shall we。 e.g. L

55、ets go there together, shall we? 我们一起去，好吗?祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。 e.g. Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?3. Let me 开头表示请求，反意疑问句用will you，或用may I。 e.g. Let me carry the box for you, may I? 我帮你搬箱子好吗？（三）复合句的反意疑问句 1当陈述部分是一个（带th

56、at引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，反意疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，反意疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。 e.g. I think she is right, isnt she? 我认为她是对的，是吗？2当陈述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾

57、语从句一致。 e.g. Im afraid it is going to rain, isnt it? 恐怕要下雨了，不是吗？ （四）关于情态动词的反意疑问句 1陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，反意疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。 e.g. You have a bike, dont you? 你有一辆自行车，不是吗？2陈述部分中有have to，反意疑问句部分用do。 e.g. He had to go to work when he was very young, didnt he? 他年轻的时候不得不出去工作，不是吗？3. 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分

58、是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt +主语。 e.g. He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he/shouldnt he? 4陈述部分有used to，反意疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。 e.g. He used to get up early, usednt he/didnt he? 他习惯早起，不是吗？5陈述部分有neednt时，反意疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。 e.g. We neednt do it again, need we ? 我们不必要再做一遍了，是吗？6陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，反意

59、疑问句部分用mustnt，如果表示“必要”则用neednt。 e.g. You must leave at once, mustnt you?你必须马上离开，是吗?You must leave at once, neednt you?你有必要马上离开，是吗?7陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，反意疑问句部分用must。 陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。 e.g. You musts smoke here, must you? 你不能在这里抽烟，是吧？He must be there now, isnt he?

60、 他现在一定在那里，不是吗？ 8陈述部分是I wish，表示询问或征求意见，反意疑问部分用may I。 e.g. I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去，可以吗？9 陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时，反意疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。 e.g. Each of the boys has a map, dont they? 每个男孩都有一张地图，不是吗？10陈述部分有neither. nor.(either.or.)做并列主语，反意疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 e.g. Neither you nor I am engineer