西洋乐器英文名称简介

1、西洋乐器英文名称及简介：Violin小提琴：Astringedinstrumentplayedwithabow,havingfourstringstunedatintervalsofafifth,anunfrettedfingerboard,andashallowerbodythantheviolandcapableofgreatflexibilityinrange,tone,anddynamics.用弓演奏的一种弦乐器，四根弦，按五度音程调音，指板无品，形体较古提琴浅，音域、音色和强弱相当灵活。Viola中提琴：Astringedinstrumentoftheviolinfamily,sli

2、ghtlylargerthanaviolin,tunedafifthlower,andhavingadeeper,moresonoroustone.提琴家族中的一种弦乐器，稍大于小提琴，调音比小提琴低五度，声音更为深沉、洪亮。Cello大提琴：Afour-stringedinstrumentoftheviolinfamily,pitchedlowerthantheviolabuthigherthanthedoublebass.一种提琴类四弦乐器，音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。Doublebass低音提琴或大贝司：Thelargestbowedstringedinstrumentinthemod

3、ernorchestra,alsousedfrequentlyinjazzensembles,especiallyplayedpizzicato.Thedoublebass,usuallyconsideredamemberoftheviolinfamily,istunedinfourthsandhastheslopingshouldersandflatbackcharacteristicoftheviols.IthasadeeprangebeginningaboutthreeoctavesbelowmiddleC.尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器，也常用于爵士乐合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提

4、琴类，定弦为四度，颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点。它有始于中央C音以下三个八度的深度范围。flute长笛：Ahigh-pitchedwoodwindinstrumentconsistingofaslendertubeclosedatoneendwithkeysandfingerholesonthesideandanopeningneartheclosedendacrosswhichthebreathisblown.由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器，侧边有按键和指孔，靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口。piccolo短笛：Asmallflutepitchedanoctaveabovear

5、egularflute.一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。clarinet单簧管：Awoodwindinstrumenthavingastraight,cylindricaltubewithaflaringbellandasingle-reedmouthpiece,playedbymeansoffingerholesandkeys.单簧管，黑管一种管乐器，有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口，以指孔和键的方式演奏。oboe双簧管：Aslenderwoodwindinstrumentwithaconicalboreandadoublereedmouthpiece,havingaran

6、geofthreeoctavesandapenetrating,poignantsound.带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器，具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音。Englishhorn英国管：Adouble-reedwoodwindinstrumentsimilartobutlargerthantheoboeandpitchedlowerbyafifth.一种双簧的木制管乐器，类似于双簧管，但音高比双簧管低五度。bassoon或fogotto大管：Alow-pitchedwoodwindinstrumentwithadoublereed,havingalongwoodenbod

7、yattachedtoaU-shapedlateraltubethatleadstothemouthpiece.Therangeofthisinstrumentistypicallytwooctaveslowerthanthatoftheoboe.巴松管，低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器，有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连，这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度。doublebassoon低音大管：Thelargestandlowestpitchedofthedouble-reedwindinstruments,soundinganoctavebelowthebassoon,双簧管

8、系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器，比低音管的音高低一个八度。horn或Frenchhorn圆号或法国圆号:Avalvedbrasswindinstrumentthatproducesamellowtonefromalong,narrowtubethatiscoiledinacirclebeforeendinginaflaringbell.一种有活瓣的铜管乐器，从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音。trumpet小号：Asopranobrasswindinstrumentconsistingofalongmetaltubeloopedonceandendinginaflare

9、dbell,themoderntypebeingequippedwiththreevalvesforproducingvariationsinpitch.一种高音铜管乐器，由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成，现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高。cornet短号：Awindinstrumentofthetrumpetclass,havingthreevalvesoperatedbypistons.号类的一种管乐器，有三个用活塞控制的栓塞。trombone长号：Abrassinstrumentconsistingofalongcylindricaltubebentuponitself

10、twice,endinginabell-shapedmouth,andhavingamovableU-shapedslideforproducingdifferentpitches.一种铜管乐器，由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一个可滑动的U形拉管，可发出不同音高的音。tuba大号：Alarge,valved,brasswindinstrumentwithabasspitch.大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器。harp竖琴：Aninstrumentconsistingofanupright,opentriangularframewithusually46stringsofgraded

11、lengthsplayedbypluckingwiththefingers.一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器。piano钢琴：Aninstrumentwithamanualkeyboardactuatinghammersthatstrikewirestrings,producingsoundsthatmaybesoftenedorsustainedbymeansofpedals.一种乐器，用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音，可以通过踏瓣的方式调轻声音或使之持续不断。organ风琴：Aninstrumentconsistingofanumbe

12、rofpipesthatsoundtoneswhensuppliedwithairandakeyboardthatoperatesamechanismcontrollingtheflowofairtothepipes.一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器。harpsichord羽管键琴：Astringedinstrumentresemblingagrandpianobutusuallyhavingtwokeyboardsandtwoormorestringsforeachnoteandproducingtonesbythepluckingofs

13、tringswithplectra.一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器，类似三角钢琴，但通常有两层键盘（部分为一层，及其个别亦有三层）和两套或更多的弦（每套发出不同音质的音），通过羽管或皮制拨子（拨子连接一顶重器，一般为一根直立的木杆）拨弦，赖琴键内端推动发声。glockenspiel钟琴：Apercussioninstrumentwithaseriesofmetalbarstunedtothechromaticscaleandplayedwithtwolighthammers.按半音阶调准的分级金属棒构成的打击乐器，用两个轻槌击奏。xylophone木琴：Apercussioninstrumen

14、tconsistingofamountedrowofwoodenbarsgraduatedinlengthtosoundachromaticscale,playedwithtwosmallmallets.一种打击乐器，由逐级加长的一排排镶嵌的木棒组成，并发出半音音阶，用两个小木槌敲击。bassdrum大鼓：Alargedrumhavingacylindricalbodyandtwoheadsandproducingalow,resonantsound.一种大鼓，有个圆筒形鼓身和两个面，并能发出低沉的、共鸣的声音。tambourine铃鼓：Aninstrumentconsistingofasma

15、lldrumheadwithjinglingdisksthatarefittedintotherim.Itisshakenwithonehandandstruckwiththeother.小手鼓，一种由边缘嵌有能叮当作响的小金属片的小鼓面构成的一种乐器，演奏时人们一只手摇它而另一只手敲它。lute鲁特琴(中文的琵琶也译做lute)：Astringedinstrumenthavingabodyshapedlikeapearslicedlengthwiseandaneckwithafrettedfingerboardthatisusuallybentjustbelowthetuningpegs.一

16、种纵向削制的形状如梨的拨弦乐器，琴颈上有定音档的指板，通常弯曲于调音单轴之下。mandolin曼陀林：Aninstrumentwithausuallypear-shapedbodyandafrettedneckoverwhichseveralpairsofstringsarestretched.常是梨形琴身，在有格纹的琴颈上装有几组供挑拨的琴弦。guitar吉他：Aninstrumenthavingalarge,flat-backedsoundboxsimilarinshapetoaviolin,alongfrettedneck,andusuallysixstrings,playedbystr

17、ummingorplucking.一种具有大而平的音箱的乐器，形状与小提琴相似，琴颈长，通常有六根弦，为弹拨乐器。erhu：二胡Bowed,two-stringfiddlefromChina,withitsbowhairsfixedbetweenthestrings;restsonthelegwhileplaying.Fiddle：费德罗小提琴EnglishnamefortheViolin,originatedfromtheLatinVitula.TheFrenchwordsVielleandlaterViolarealsofromthesameLatinroot.flute：长笛Theflu

18、teisacylindricalmetaltubeclosedatoneendthatisheldhorizontallyandblownacrossthemouthhole.GuZheng：古筝LonngChinesezither,typicallywith21strings,alsoknownsimplyasZheng(Gumeaningancient).RelatedtoJapaneseKoto.Harmonica：口琴thefirstofthemodernEuropeanfreereedinstruments.ablockof10ormoredoublesidedreeds,mouth

19、blown.Marimbas马琳吧木琴Amoderncommerciallymanufactured,fullyresonatedorchestralxylophone.piano：钢琴Keyboardinstrumentwhosestringsarestruckwithhammerscontrolledbyakeyboardmechanism;pedalscontroldampersinthestringsthatstopthesoundwhenthefingerreleasesthekey.keyboardinstrument：键盘乐器Instrumentsoundedbymeansofa

20、keyboard(aseriesofkeysplayedwiththefingers).Themostcommonlyrecognizedkeyboardinstrumentsarethepiano,organ,harpsichordandsynthesizer,an：风琴Windinstrumentinwhichairisfedtothepipesbymechanicalmeans;thepipesarecontrolledbytwoormorekeyboardsandasetofpedals.stringfamily：弦乐器类Themembersof

21、thestringfamilyincludetwotypesofinstruments:bowedandplucked.Thestandardbowedstringinstruments,fromhighesttolowest,areviolin,viola,celloanddoublebass.Theharpandguitararecommonpluckedstringinstruments.Stringinstrumentsoftenplayspecialeffects,includingtrill,pizzicato,harmonicandarpeggio.Alsochordophone

22、.violin：小提琴Theviolinsfourstringsaresetinvibration(usuallyoneatatime)bydrawingabowacrossthemwiththerighthandwhilethefingersofthelefthandstopthestrings,changingitsvibratelengthandthusthepitch.vibraphone：颤音琴Apercussioninstrumentwithmetalbarsandelectricallydrivenrotatingpropellersundereachbarthatproduce

23、savibratosound,muchusedinjazz.常用乐器英中对照表一、Woodwinds:木管乐器LPiccolo短笛2.Flute长笛3.SopranoRecorder高音竖笛4.Oboe双簧管.EnglishHorn英国管.Bassoon大管.Contrabassoon低音巴松.ClarinetinEb降E调单簧管（小黑管）.ClarinetinAA调单簧管.ClarinetinBb降B调单簧管.BassClarinet低音单簧管.SopranoSaxophone高音萨克斯13.ALtoSaxophone中音萨克斯14.TenorSaxophone次中音萨克斯15.Barito

24、neSaxophone上低音萨克斯16.AltoFlute中音长笛*17.BassFlute低音长笛18.OboedAmore双簧管的一种.PiccoloClarinet高音单簧管*.AltoClarinet中音单簧管（Eb调的，属于低音单簧管）.ContrabassClarinet倍低音单簧管.DescantRecorder高音竖笛.AltoRecorder中音竖笛.TenorRecorder次中音竖笛.BassRecorder低音竖笛.Bagpipes风笛.BassetHorn巴赛管（单簧管）.Panpipes排萧二、Brass:铜管乐器LCornet短号TrumpetinBb降B调小号T

25、rumpetinCC调小号Flugelhorn夫吕号（行进乐队常用）HorninFF调圆号Trombone长号TenorTrombone次中音长号BassTromone低音长号Baritone（T.C.）次中音号.Baritone次中音11.Euphonium小低音号12.Tuba大号13.BassTuba低音大号14.PiccoloCornet高音短号15.PiccoloTrumpetinAA调高音小号16.BassTrumpetinCC调低音小号17.AltoTrombone中音长号18.ContrabassTrombone倍低音长号三、PitchedPercussion:有音高打击乐器I

26、.Timpani定音或2.Bells排钟.Glockenspiel钢片琴.CrystalGlasses.Xylophone木琴.Vibraphone颤音琴.Marimba马林巴琴.BassMarimba低音马林巴琴9.TubularBells管钟10.Chimes钟琴11.SteelDrums车钢鼓12.Mallets三角木琴四、Percussion:小打击乐器LPercussion小打击乐器组.WindChimes.BellTree音树.Triangle三角铁.Crotales响板.FingerCymbals手指小镲.SleighBells马铃.Cymbals大镲.Cowbell牛铃.AgogoBells（由两个锥型铁筒组成，比牛玲音高）.Flexatone.MusicalSaw乐锯.BrakeDrum闸鼓14.TamTam大锣15.Gong锣16.Claves响棒17.Slapstick击板18.VibraSlap19.SandBlock沙轮.Ratchet齿轮剐响器.Guiro（木制，用铁棍剐）.Cuica（发出的声音象狗叫的拉丁乐器）.Maracas沙槌.Castanets响板.WoodBlocks盒棒.TempleBlocks木鱼.LogDrum木鼓.Tambourine铃鼓.Whistle哨.Siren汽笛31.Jawbone