专题翻译(土木工程2)课件

1、The Use of English Introduction 1. The Origin of Languages and Translation 1.1 The Story of Babel It was recorded in Genesis of the Bible that when there was a flood, Noah s family, eight persons-Noah and his wife, with his three sons and their wives ran away to a safe land by Noah s ark, a boat. Af

2、ter the flood, Noah s descendants lived on the new land generation after generation. The population was growing larger and larger, but all the people spoke only one language. Later on the people moved to the west. When they got to a place of Shinar, they settled down there. They began to build a cit

3、y and a tower called Babel, with its top in the heavens. God, Jehovah got angry about this. He scattered the people, confused their language and made them speak different languages. From then on, there were thousand of languages used by people all over the world. And the building of Babel was stoppe

4、d. There are now about six thousand languages in the world, including English. However, languages were created by working people after all.1.2 The Beginning of Translation A report of world translation market says: The tower of Babel never will be built, because we now know that the sky has no limit

5、s; the stratagem of the confusion of languages is thus no longer necessary.All languages are worthy of respect, and translation permits men to communicate better and thus to understand each other better. Since there are languages , there is translation. 1.3 Shangri-la In Lost Horizon by James Hilton

6、, there are so many strange things about Shangri-la, which means the source of happiness, Buddha s ideal land, everlasting mystery, imaginative beautiful world and the Garden of Eden, governing the whole globe. The celestials or extraterrestrial being, in Shangri-la spoke a strange language-cosmic l

7、anguage, but by and by, as more and more travelers and explorers went there, English, Chinese, Tibetan and other languages are spoken and translation is needed.The Status Quo of English Apart from the U.K., English is the main language of five countries: the U.S.A., Canada, Australia, New Zealand an

8、d South Africa. It is the official language of 25 countries, the first language of many countries. In Asia 3.5 hundred million people speak English. India is the 3 rd largest English speaking country with 100 million people speaking fluent English. English has become the main language of Singapore.

9、In China including Hong Kong and Taiwan, in Japan and South Korea, more and more people are taking English as their first language or second language. English is also widely used in the areas of Africa, the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.Varieties of English3.1 Common (general, everyday, ordina

10、ry) English:Spoken EnglishWritten English( in written form)Informal English3.2 ESP( English for Special Purposes):EAP( English for Academic Purposes)EOP( English for Occupational Purposes)EST( English for Science and Technology)-ESS( English for Social Science)ECST( Eng. for Common Science and Techn

11、ology)ESST( Eng. For Specialized Science and Technology)3.3 Standard English:British English( Kings Eng. Or Queens Eng.)American Eng.Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language1. Grouping of Strategies1.1 Metacognitive strategies:Advance organizersDirected attentionSelective attentionSelf-man

12、agementAdvance preparationSelf-monitoringDelayed productionSelf-evaluation 1.2 Cognitive strategies:RepetitionResourceDirected physical responseTranslationGroupingNote-taking DeductionRecombinationImaginaryAuditory representationKeywordContextualization ElaborationTransferInferencing 2.2 Indirect st

13、rategies: Metacognitive strategiesAffective strategiesSocial strategies3. Language Learning/ Using Strategies3.1 Language learning strategies:Identifying the material for learningDistinguishing it from other materialGrouping it for easier learningRepeatedly engaging oneself in contact with the mater

14、ialRemembering it with efforts3.2 Language using strategies:Retrieval strategiesRehearsal strategiesCover strategiesCommunication strategiesRecommended books:Ellis,R.1994.The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press文秋芳,1886,英语学习策略论,上海外语教育出版社TranslatologyFunctional lingui

15、sticsHistorical linguisticsStatistics in linguisticsLearning StrategiesFirst/Second Language AcquisitionMethodologyTestingAssociation and CollocationAssociationCollocation1. n & v associationAchieve success, exercise ones gifts,Attain ones end, gain a reputation,Develop ones talents, offer serviceBr

16、eak the news, bring a suit or actionCut a figure, hold a courtLay an ambush, live up to ones idealMake out a check, mete out a punishmentSpring a leak, strike a balanceWork (create, perform) a miracle1.1. v association & collocation based on nAuthority: have, follow, accept, assert, deny,question Or

17、der: place, fill, executeSiege: lay, raise, liftTaste: cultivate, develop, improve, refine1.2. N association & collocation based on vExert: effort, control, influence, strength,Invite: danger, criticism, comment, scandal, crimeInvoke: God, forgiveness, sbs help the law, ruling, penalty, economic san

18、ction, an article of the U.N. Charter1.3. n & v special association and collocationCarry ones pointCatch ones eyeFeather ones nestFollow the crowdForce sbs handGive color toPoison sbs mindRide a hobbySave ones bacon2. n & a association & collocation2.1 a association & collocation based on naccount:

19、accurate, appropriate, approximate, authentic, clear, coherent, concise, distorted, entertaining, factual; faithful, false, full, graphic , lucid, systematic, true, unbiased, vivid, well-documented2.2 n association & collocation based on aDeep: chest, sea, well, wound; a book,Insight, learning, mind

20、 , mystery, person, reader, secret, thinker, understanding; breathing, sigh, voice; feelings, disgrace, sorrow, sympathySoft: bed, hair, silk, skin, tissues; air, breeze, color, light, manners music, voice, weather; lines, outlines, shadows; water, drinks; slope; job, thing; drug; binding; core, sci

21、ence, sell, soapSpecial association & collocation of n & aBig gun, big time, bitter pill, black mark, blank check, capital sentence, cold cash, crying shame, dark horse, deep water, drawn game, far cry, fast counter, fat chance, green power, happy remarks, hard core, hot number, open question, red c

22、arpet, slow season, tall order, tall talk, wet blanket, white lie, white saleRecombinationImaginaryAuditory representationKey wordContextualizationElaborationTransferInferencing姓名：学号：班级：得分：CHECKI. Choose the best answer(40%) 1. permits men to communicate better and thus to understand each other bett

23、er. a. translation b. books c. languages 2. English is the language of five countries:USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. a. second b. main c. official 3. India is the 3rd largest English country. a. speech b. spoken . Speaking 4. English is one of the important languages of the UN. a. working b. first c. second5. cognitive strategies a. 认知策略 b. 认识方法 c. 认识策略6. language using strategies a. 语言使用策略 b. 运用语言策略 c. 应用语言方法7. Applied Linguistics a. 实用语言学 b. 运用语言学 c. 应用语言学8. Stylistics a. 体态学 b. 形态学 c. 文体学9. Statisti