Unit 1 Section B Using Language 课件-高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

1、Section BUsing Language1. annoyed adj. 恼怒的；烦恼的be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气be annoyed to do/that 使人恼火annoy vt. 使生气，使恼怒；打扰annoyance n. 恼怒，烦恼；使人烦恼的事to sbs annoyance 让某人生气的是Vocabulary 2. adjust v.适应；（使）习惯adjust to (doing) sth. 习惯/适应（做）某事adjust oneself to sth. 使某人自己适应某事adjust t

2、o 调整以适应adjustment n. 调整；调节；（行为、思想的）调整；适应make adjustments/an adjustment (to) （对）作出调整（to是介词）3. by accident 偶然；意外地表示“偶然地，意外地”的词语还有accidentally，casually，by chance。表示“有意地，故意地”的词语有by design，on purpose。a. Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my pest friend.b. Approached in this way, your frien

3、dship will soon be repaired.1.Who was disappointed in sentence (a)? What is approached in sentence (b)?2. Why does the author use -ed instead of -ing here?1. Iwas disappointed in sentence (a) . Your friendship is approached in sentence (b) .2. Because -ing is used when the action is done by the subj

4、ect of the sentence, while -ed is used when the action is done to the subject of the sentence. Here, both “disappoint” and “approach” are actions done to the subjects.c. Because I was disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.d. If it is approached in this way, your friendship

5、 wil soon be repaired.3. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?4. Why does the author choose to use -ed instead of an adverbial clause in the reading passage?3. Sentences (a) and(b)contain-ed as adverbial while sentences (c) and (d) contain adverbial clauses.4. Because -ed makes

6、 the sentences shorter and sound more formal as written language.Grammar 过去分词作状语一、过去分词作状语的基本用法1. 过去分词作状语的功能过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 虽然这座房子是30年前建造的，但是它看起来很漂亮。He walked slowly i

7、n the forest, followed by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。2. 过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。3. 过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。状语类型例句原因Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he wor

8、ks harder. 由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。条件Given more time, we could do it much better. If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 如果多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。让步Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. Although he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。时间Discussed man

9、y times, the problems were settled at last. After they were discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。方式The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。伴随Mrs. Wu came in, followed

10、by her daughter. Mrs. Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太走了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。1. 过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when, while, if, though, as if, unless等，构成“连词过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten. 这些英语单词很容易忘记，除非不断重复（记忆）。When asked why she came here

11、, the girl kept silent. 当被问到为何来这儿时，那个女孩沉默不语。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。二、过去分词作状语的注意事项2. 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致（现在分词作状语同样如此）， 否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。Employed in reading, he didnt notice me come in. 他专心诗书，没有注意到我进来。 (employ的逻辑主语是he)He was listening attentively in class, his

12、eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他课上专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 (his eyes . . . blackboard 为独立主格结构，fix的逻辑主语是 his eyes)3. 有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有：lost （迷失的），seated （坐下来的），hidden （隐藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），dressed in（穿着），tired of （厌烦）等。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声

13、。三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别语法逻辑关系时间概念过去分词做状语过去分词做状语表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动过去分词表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在现在分词作状语现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表被动现在分词的一般式（doing）表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式（having done）表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks li

14、ke a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。（see与句子的主语 you 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系）Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。（see与句子的主语 the city 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）注：过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式（having been done) 作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是“having been done”结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。Examined carefully, the patien

15、t was sent to the operation room. =Having been examined carefully, the patient was sent to the operation room. 仔细检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。Shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library. =Having been shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library. 参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。1._ (send) to the hospital immediately, the _ (wound) soldier was saved.2. _ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.3. A person, when _ (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability. 练习SentwoundedLostchallenged4. _ (know) for his good skill, this doc