2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习(倒装句省略句强调句情态动词)

1、倒句省句重点析一倒句倒装句主要考查以下几个方面：含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装；状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装；so/such 句中形容词副词”提前，用部分倒装； 表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 倒句用一表分类倒装条件及相关句型结构例句There be句型 There students in our school. 我学校有很多学生。完表地点的介词短语置于句首：地点状语谓(be, lie, sit 等Near the river is/stands a pine tree. 河的 附近有一棵松树。全倒装主语here, there, now, then, up, O

2、ut rushed the boy. 这个男孩冲了出去。down, away, out 等词位于句首 Then came teacher. 接着老师进来了。直接引语的一部分或全部位于句“You had better stay at home, said my首 ，主句倒装 ：mother. “你好待在家妈。“”said/asked sb.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持 句子平衡主谓宾结构的一般疑问句和特殊 疑问句Fastened to the pole is national flag. 在杆子上的是国旗。We saw a house, in front of which stood tallt

3、ree. 我看到了一所房子，房前面有一棵高 高的树。Have you finished your homework? 你完家庭 作业了吗？Why did you buy it? 你为什么买它？seldom, never, little, hardly, Seldom does he watch TV. 他少看电视。nowhere, by no means, in no By no means will I give up trying. 无如何 time 等否定意义的副词或短 我都不会放弃常尝试的。置于句首部“only+状语/状从句”置于 首not onlybut also接并列 的句子，前倒

4、后不倒Only have grown can you understandyour parents. 只等你长大了你才能理解你 父母。Not only does do in study, but alsohe is ready to help others. 他仅成绩优秀，分倒装还乐于助人。not until 位于首时 Not until the early years of the centurydid man know what heat 直 19 世纪初， 人们才知道热是何物。no soonerthan连接并列的 No had they than it began to子，前倒后不倒ne

5、ithernor 连 接 并 列 的 句 子，前后都倒so/suchthat 中 such/so 的饰成分置于句首时，前倒后不倒rain. 他们一出发，天就下起雨来了。Neither do I know do I care about it. 我不知道，也不关心。So fast did he speak that I didnt follow him. 他说得如此快，我都跟不上。Such good players are they that they oftenwin. 他们如此好的运动员致他们经常赢得 比赛。as/though 引导的让步状语从句， Child as he he knows

6、lot. 虽他是小构成“形容词 /副词 /名 动 分词 +as/though+主 +谓的其 他部分”的倒装形式孩，他懂得很多。Young though he was, he understood the meaning. 虽然他很年轻，却懂意思。so, 或 nor 表示句所说 He can play the piano. So can 他会弹钢琴，的情况也适用于另外的人或事我也会。We didnt win. did they. 我没有表示祝愿的祈使句省 略 if 的 虚 拟 条 件 句 ：were/had/should + 主语 + 谓动 词赢，他们也没有。May you have a goo

7、d trip. 祝旅途愉快。Were I you, I would not do it 如 果我是你，我不会这样做。 特提示(1) there be 结的倒装句型中，除了 be 动之外there 后还接 lie, live, seem to be 等如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 久很久以前，村子里住 着一位老人。(2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out副词位于句首，主语为代词时 不到装。如：Away it flew. 它走了。(3) 直引语的一部分或全部位于句首

8、句倒装句倒装但主语为代词时不倒 装。如：“You have to it tonight, she said. “晚你必须完成它说。 (4) so 位句首不倒装的情况： 主与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： Mike studies hard. 迈学很刻苦。 So he does. 确实是。 表前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“ it is/was with sb./sth.”答。如： Tom is kind and often helps those in 汤姆友，经常帮助处于困 境中的人。 So it is with his father. 他亲也是。(5

9、) 使 as/though 进行倒装时意： 句有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如Child as he is,he can tell right from wrong. 尽管是个孩子，却能明辨是非。 句是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则 宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如：Try hard as he will, he never seems be to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。(6) not until 位句首的倒装构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。 如：Not unti

10、l he loses his he give up smoking. 他到失去健康才会戒 烟。二省句高考命题导向省是一种避免复保持简洁的语法手段缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分但在一定语境中能独立存在义明确并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省 略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。省句法览：分类说明例句句 子 成分 的 省略省略主语省略谓语省略宾语省略表语省略定语省略状语(It) Doesnt matter. 没系。I first race and Tom (won) the second. 赢了第一场比赛，汤姆赢了第二场。I dont know (it). 我知道这件事。 Is he a s

11、tudent? 他是一名学生吗？ Yes, he is (a student). 是，他是Part of the money belongs to my mother and the rest(of the money) belongs to my father. 一分钱属 于我妈妈，其余的钱属于我爸爸。He was not hurt. (How) Strange! 他有受伤。真 奇怪！省略从句 I would the invitation I were you). (如果我是你我会接受邀请的。省略整句 Will you teach to the students? 你小 品 词教学生英语吗？

12、 Yes. (I will teach English to the students.)是的。我教学生英语)省略介词 He is doing his homework. 他正在忙着写作业。的省略省略连词 thatI am sure (that) succeed. 我信我们会 成功的。省略关系代词 This is the dress bought in Shanghai.这是我在上海买的裙子。强 调 句 型 强 调 疑 问 词时，常省略强调句型中When was it (that) you received his e-mail? 你 收到他的电子邮件是什么时候？的 that在以 if, wh

13、en, while, If is) necessary, we shall send a telegramthough, as if 等词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是 behome. 如有要，我们就往家里打电报。While (you are) cycling, dont forget the traffic lights. 骑车，不要忘记看红灯。将主语和动词 be 省 Henry looked as if (he were) in search ofsomething. 亨向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。固 定 结构 中 的省略在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和前面句子相同的动词，只保

14、留不定式符号 to由固定词组引导的疑问 句You may go home if you to (go home).如果你愿意，你可以回家了。How about playing football? 去球怎么样？Why go there with us? 为么不和我们一起去？用 so, 等代替上 Can he finish the work on time? I think so.文或问句中的一部分或 整个句意并列复合句中一些相同的成分可以省略(I think he can finish the on time.) 他能 按时完成工作吗？我认为他能。We tried to help her but

15、 (we tried) in vain. 我 们试着帮助她，但是没有用。This clock works well but that one doesnt (work well). 这个表运行得很好，是那个不行。考练一完句 据句意或括号中所给的提示完成句子。1. Not until _ (I; shout) at the top of my voice _ (he; turn) his head.2. I won the prize at last. Never in my life _ (I; feel) so happy.3. Hardly _ thief; see) the police

16、 _ ran away. 4. Hurry up! There _ (the bell; go). My goodness! Has Mrs. Li come yet? Look! Here _ (she; come).5. Not only _ (he; like) but _ (he; have) a good voice.6. David has passed the final exam smoothly. So _ (he; have), and _ have).7. So _ (he; be frightened) in darkness that he did not dare

17、to move an inch.8. Up _ (the go) into air.9. At the foot of the mountain _ (a village; lie).10. I have tried very hard to improve my But by no means _ (the teacher; be satisfied) with my progress.11. If s wife doesn go to the party, neither _ 也不去).12. Should _ ( 如果天下雨 ), we would have to off the spo

18、rts meeting.13. Child _ (尽管只孩), he shows great consideration towards the others.14. Mike hadnt the exam and afraid of being scolded. _ 我一)15. _ ( 我 们 一 到 铃 声 ) than we rushed into theclassroom.16. He hasnt finished the work yet. Well, he _ 本该完成.17. The man we followed suddenly and as if _ (see) whet

19、her he was going in the right direction.18. Is mother a teacher? No, but she _ 过去).19. Do you know s telephone number? _ (恐怕不知). As matter of fact, dont know about Anna.20. Who be responsible fro accident? The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _ (按被告诉的).二法空 阅读面, 空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内

20、单词的正确形式。 Dear friends,I am happy to give a talk, sharing what I learnt about first aid.First aid is the timely treatment (give) to the injured before doctors come.Students 2 we are, we should prepare for an emergency by learning somethingabout first aid, 3 is urgently in some accidents. For example,

21、 if someonesuffers from 4 sprained ankle while doing sports, the best way to treat 5 is to put an ice pack or cold water on his ankle.When 6 (treat) a cut, we immediate to clean the woundand stop the bleeding. Call if the is too severe to deal with.Besides, keeping a first-aid kit 7 (hand) is wise c

22、hoice. Of course, thekit is supposed to contain necessary items that can deal with a variety of emergencies.In conclusion, knowing how to perform first aid is of great importance in ourdaily life, which sometimes means total difference life and death. Only 9a cool mind and knowledge of first aid we

23、offer a helping hand 10 necessary.助词timely adj. 及的 emergency 紧情况urgently 迫地 severe 严的perform 执行 adequate 足的；充足的sprained ankle 裸节扭伤 ice pack 袋first-aid kit 急救 be supposed to 应necessary items 必须物品 variety of 种各样的三佳欣 面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩灵活 的语言表达，其中也包含有倒装结构和省略结构，用心体会其用法。A special relay race was h

24、eld Senior Three on the school playground onWednesday, October 22. Compared traditional relay race, this activity adopted rule, which allowed 20 runners in and required that each runner 200 meters. classes in our grade were divided into two groups to with each , Class Two winning the championship in

25、 the . When how about the competition, all considered this new activity be interesting and meaningful. importantly , only did the activity students interest doing exercise, but it also strengthened their love their class.参答考点练透一、完成句子1. I shouted; did turn 2. have I felt 3. had the thief seen; when 4

26、. goesthe bell; she comes 5. does he; he has 6. he has; so have I 7. frightened washe 8. went the balloon 9. lies village 10. is the teacher satisfied 11. willhe 12. it rain tomorrow 13. as/though he is 14. So it with me. 15. No soonerhad we heard the ring 16. should/ought to have 17. to see 18. to

27、be 19. Im afraid not 20. as told二、语法填空这是一篇发言稿。作者主要介绍对于各种紧急情况，我们（学生何确是进行适 当的急救，同时也告诉我们急救的重要性和意义。1. given 分析句子成分可知，空是个非谓语treatment 与 give 存在动关系， 故填过去分词构成过去分词短语作后置定语。2. as 此后是两个分句，一定是填连接词。根据整句句意可知，此处存在一个让步关系，此外 Students 2 we 是个倒装句型，故只能填 意为“虽然尽”。 法： 引导让步状语从句必用倒装结构。3. which 引导非限定性定语从，补充说明前面的 first aid。4.

28、 a 不冠词的基本用法，此 意为一/(裸关节扭伤”。5. it 缺宾语填代词it 指前面的 sprained ankle.6. treating 分析句子成分可，动词 treat 并无语，故在此处肯定是作非谓语。 而 的辑主语是 we，填现在分词形式。7. handy 作宾补用形容词handy 意为“便利的，容易取得的”。8. between 习搭配 betweenand为“在和之间”。9. with 常句型，only with意为“只有具备”。Only 位句首要用倒装结 构。10. when 根句意可知，此处应填一个表时间的连接词when necessary 是省 略结构，完整应该是 whe

29、n it is necessary，when 引导间状语从句。强句重点析高考命题导向： is/waswho/that”强调句型是高考考查的重点内容之一。此句型可强调主语、宾语、状语。如果要强调谓语，用 do/does/did+动原形。高考通常考 查强调句与几个易混句型连词的使用和强调句的问句。一相句构的调1. 陈句的强调句型It is/was+被强调部分通是语或状)+ that/who(当强调主语且主语指) 其他部分。如：It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他昨天遇见李平的。2. 一疑问句的强调句型同上，只是把 is/was 提到 it 前。如：Was

30、it yesterday he met Li Ping? 他是天遇见李平的吗？3. 特疑问句的强调句型被强调部分通常是疑问代词或疑问副)+ is/was it + that/who + 其部分？ When and where was it that you were born? 你是何时何地出生的？4. notuntil句型的强调句A. 句为It is/was not until + 被调部分 + that + 其他部分普通句：He didnt go to bed until his wife came back.强调句：It was not until wife came back that

31、 he went 注：句型只用 until，用 till。但如果不是强调句型till, until 可通。 5. 谓动词的强调A. It is/was . . 结不能强调谓语需强调谓语时动 do/does 或 did。：Do sit down. 务请坐。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过路时，务(千万)要小心啊！注：种强调只用 do/does 和 did，有别的形式；过去时用 did，后面的谓语动词 用原形。二强句注事一表1说明强调主语时，其后的谓语动词和主 语在人称和数上保持一致例句It is he who/that good deeds.

32、是 他经常做好事。It is I who/that am looking for you. 是我234被强调部分除了指人时连词可用who/whom 之外，其他情况下只用 thatnotuntil句型的强调句你。It is the book that I want. 是我要的书。It was not until you told me that I realized my mistake.= Not until you told me did I realize my mistake.= I didnt realize until you told me.直到你告诉我，我才意识到自己的错误。It

33、 is true/a fact that they won the game. (it与主语从句(It是形式主语) 他赢得了比赛是事实。(去掉 It5is/wasthat-clause)的别与 “It bebefore( 时 间 过 多 久wasthat 后子已不完整)It was in Xiamen that I first met him.是厦门我第一次遇到他。 (强句特点：去掉 It wasthat 后子仍完整)It was two hours before worked out the才) 自以来多长时 problem. 两个小时后他才算出这道题。间了)句型”的区别It is two

34、yearssince he joined the army. 参军已两年了。6It was in 1919 he was born. 句 他 于 1919 年出生。与 “It bewhen/where 定 语 从It was 1919 when 4thMovement took句”的区别place. (定语从句) 五四动发生于 1919 年It was in that met him. (调句 我 在北京遇到他的。It was where I met him. 定语从) 我 在北京遇到了他。注：美国英语中，强调句强调事物时常用 which 来代替 。考练一单填 据句意用适当的关联词填空。1.

35、It was along the Mississippi River _ Twain spent of his childhood.2. It is the ability to job _ matters, not where you come from or what you are.3. What was the party like? Wonderful. It years _ I enjoyed myself so much.4. It was October _ they finally came back to their hometown.5. It was in the la

36、b that was taken charge of Professor Li _ they did the experiment.6. It will be more than 100 years _ the country begins once again to look as it did before.7. _ is it that has made Peter he is 8. I have already forgotten _ it was that you put the dictionary.9. I have always been honest and straight

37、forward, and it doesnt matter _ it is that I am talking to.10. It was _ he did _ frightened me.二法空 阅读面, 空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Animals may also extinct through direct destruction. This includes thehunting and capturing of animals. Humans always hunted and killed wildlife 1early humans lived more in

38、 harmony with 2 killed animals essentialslike food and clothing. When guns 3 (invent), mass destruction species waspossible. Animals have been, and still are, 4 meat, clothing, medicines,feathers, eggs, trophies ( 利品 ), tourist souvenirs and sometimes just amusement. Some species are still captured

39、in wild for the live pet trade, even though 5 numbers decreasing.The 6 (extinct) of at least 500 species of animals has been caused man,most of them in this century. Today there are about 5,000 endangered animals andat least one dies every year. There are many more which become extinct 7 anyone know

40、ing.8 main threats to species then can be cited poaching (非法狩), loss and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature hasits own “red list” of endangered species 9 (range) from “least concern”through to “critically endangered”. It is their assessment 10 we will refer to here.助词

41、extinct 灭的 capture vt. 捕essentials 生必需品 souvenir 纪品assessment 评 in harmony with 与和谐mass destruction 大模杀伤 be cited as 被为refer to 涉及 critically endangered 极度濒危三佳欣 面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩灵活 的语言表达，其中也包含有强调结构，用心体会其用法。An old man fished by the river he was skillful soon his basket wasfull of fish. A lo

42、vely child came by and the man would like to give all fishto him, but the child rejected. the asked for the reason and thechild said, “I would like to take your fish pole, this basket of fish wouldsoon be eaten up, but with the fish pole, I catch fish myself whenever I wantto eat fish all my life.”

43、The little child thought that could get fish withthe fishing tool, but it is the skill to fish is the key to countlessfish. So rather than simply take the tools, we should always learn the way “fish” in our life.参答考点练透一、单句填空1. that 2. that 3. since 4. when 5. that 6. before 7. What 8. where 9. who 1

44、0. what; that二、语法填空本文作者向我们介绍物种灭绝的原因以及濒危动物面临的状况。1. but 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据两句间的关系可知，此处存在一个转 折关系，故填 but。2. they 缺主语填代词 在此指代前面的 early humans。3. were invented 分句子成可知，动词 作语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。根据上下语境可知时态是一般过去式invent 与主 guns 存在被动关系。故填一般过 去式被动语态 were 正。4. for 表的用介词 for。者根据下文 and sometimes just for amusement. Some sp

45、ecies are still captured in the wild for the live trade 可知。5. their 分句子成分可知 numbers 在此作主语到是“谁的数量”？不清楚。 所以需要填一个形容词性物主代词。此处 their 指前的 Some 的6. extinction 作语用名词形式。7. without 根上下语境和句意可知，此处 7 anyone knowing 理是示“没 有任何人知道”，故填 without8. The 表指必须用定冠词。9. ranging 分句子成分可知，动词 range 在此作非谓语。此外 range 与辑主语 endangere

46、d 是动关系，故填 ranging 作伴状语。10. that 强句型 It is，故填 that句意：我们将在这里涉及到的就是他 们的评估本句引出下文)。情动重点析情态动词的高考命题导向情态动词表示说话者的观点和态度有一定的含义但不能单独充当谓语必须与其他动连用注区别具有相同功能的意思相近的情态动词的 用法。一情动基用一表情态动词用法表许可和 may 可互换、 You例句can/may注意事项sit can 和 be able to 都表can能力表疑猜测可here.力，但 be able to 可表某could能性(用于否定和疑问句 He cant be sixty. 中，could 可比

47、 canCould come again更委婉的语气及用于虚tomorrow?事终于成功态变化拟语气表许可问中表请求， May/Might I use your 对 ?的否定回答用maymight 更委婉)可能、 bike?mustntmight或许、猜测might 语更加不肯定愿(用He may/might be athome.对 May/Mightdo?的否定回答用 cant/might not于倒装句中表必须、应(表主观要May you succeed!You must study hard. 否式 mustn 表“不准、must求) ；推测 ( 用肯定She must be tired

48、.禁止 Mustdo?的句意“准是一”定回答用have to只好，不得(客观的必neednt/doesnt have to(不必)Without help, I had have to 有态和人称的变须 ) ， 口 语 中 也 可 用 have/has got toto do it myself.化ought to应当(表示义务或责任， You ought to obey否定式 t句口语中多用 should)用于一、三人称的疑问laws.Shall we go now?Oughtto doshall句询意见二 Thesigh there三人称许、 reads, “No personshould

49、警告或表示说话人的决 心等表建议或劝告意应该本该 (含有责备意 味表意志或决心句shall smoke here.”You should learnfrom each other.You should havegiven him help.He promised he would would 示过去的习惯或喜willwould用 于 第 二 人 称 表 请 求 (would 比委)never smoke again.Will/Would you likesome tea?好，不涉及现在； used to表示过去常常做现在已经不 再有的习惯dare敢常语否定句、疑问 He dare not/da

50、rent 句和条件状语从句中sleep alone.Dare you touch it?过去式 dared实义动词need需要、必须常用于否定 You neednt do the Needdo 的 肯 定 回 答 ：句和疑问句)work now. Yes,；可作实义动词过去常常(现在已不再 He used to play否 定 式 usednt/usentused tofootball. to do/ used not todo/didnt use to do ；问 to ? to do?二情动+be doing和情动+have done”法览表句式说明例句can + be doing表“可能

51、否定句 He t be telling lies. 不可能在can + have done和疑问句 也此用法，只是语气更委婉说谎。He cant have told lies. 不可能说 了谎话。could + have done 指去没实现的动作，表“本来可以”Its too late. You could have told himearlier. 太了，你本来能早告诉他 的。may + be doingmay + have donemust + be doingmust + have done表“能也于 肯定句肯定句，表示“一定在干 某事”肯定句，表示“准是干了He may be doi

52、ng homework. 也许在做 作业。He may have the 他可 错过了火车。The light is on. He must be working. 灯 亮着，他一定在工作。He is He must have failed the exam.某事事的肯定 他伤心，准是考试不及格。猜测“本来不必做定 You neednt have the to him.neednt + havedoneshould/ought to have done句肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没做；定句表示“ 不 应 该 做 实 际却 做 了”He has bought it already. 你来不必把这

53、本书借给他，他已经买了一本。I should have bought it.我应把它买 下来的。You t have scolded 你不 应该责骂他的。考练一单填 情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空。1. I should have there, but _ find the time.2. Helen _ go on us, but she t quite sure yet.3. Tom, you _ not leave clothes on the floor like this!4. You t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so t

54、o a lady.5. It has been announced that candidates _ in their seats until all the papers have been collected.6. Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. have already borrowed one.7. John, look at the time. _ you the piano at such a late hour? 8. _ this book be yours? No, it _ be mine. _ he

55、 his.9. As a girl, she _ get up at six every day.10. _ he to clean the classroom after school?11. You _ be tired after the long trip, arent you?12. What the name? Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?13. You _ (see) the film, havent you?14. You _ (talk) on phone at that time, for couldnt get 15. They _

56、(miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reasons.16. _ you pass the Entrance Examination!17. He had known the matter before you so you _ (not tell) it to him.18. I did not call to make any airline reservation but I _.19. The light is out. They _ (not work) now.20. My cat is really fat. You _ (not give) her so much food.二法空 阅读面, 空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many students want to know about the differences between American English andBritish Englis